Block 3 KIN223 Bones

Not counting sesamoid bones, what is the total number of tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges in a single ankle and foot?

26

Check all that are true statements regarding the difference between a typical female and male pelvis. A: The female ilium flares more laterally than the male ilium. B: The body of the pubis is longer in females than in males. C: The grater sciatic notch is much narrower in females than in males.

A, B

Check all of the following that are a function of the paranasal sinuses. A: Warm and humidify inhaled air B: Make some skull bones lighter C: Provide resonance to the voice E: Provide nerve sensation to the face

A, B, C

The following describe the phalanges of the foot and their relative locations. Check all that apply. A: Bones of the toes (like bones of the fingers and thumb) are called phalanges. B: There are four toes having three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal). C: One toe has two phalanges (proximal and distal) on the medial side called the hallux or great toe. D: There are a total of 16 phalanges in the foot.

A, B, C

Check all of the following that are tarsal bones. A: Intermediate cuneiform B: Talus C: Calcaneus D: Sesamoid E: Lateral cuneiform F: Phalanx

A, B, C, E

What bones make up the os coxae? Check all that apply. A: Pubis B: Ilium C: Femur D: Ischium

A, B, D

Check all of the following that are facial bones. A: Maxilla B: Nasal C: Occipital D: Zygomatic E: Lacrimal F: Sphenoid

A, B, D, E

Check all that are typical difference between the female and male skull features. A: The female mandible is smaller and lighter than the male mandible. B: The male superciliary arches are smaller with no prominence compared to those in females. C: The squamous part of the frontal bone is usually vertically orientated and rounded in females than in males.

A, C

Check all of the following that form the lateral walls of the nasal complex. A: Ethmoid bone B: Sphenoid bone C: Maxilla D: Inferior nasal conchae E: Lacrimal bones

A, C, D

The femur... A: is the longest bone in the body. B: extends from the hip to the knee. C: has a large, rounded head. D: articulates with the patella. E: All of these are correct

E

select all the components of the hip joint that contribute to its stability

deep acetabular socket, acetabular labrum, strong articular capsule, reinforcing muscles and ligaments

A difference in shape between female and male physical characteristics is known as sexual ___.

dimorphism

the formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

endochondral ossification

which of the following are locations where you would find a synchondrosis? check all that are correct

epiphyseal plates in children, the first sternocostal joint (first rib and sternum), between each rib and its costal cartilage

Which of these skull bones cannot be easily palpated?

ethmoid

when kicking a ball forward, the knee is

extended

The true pelvis is ___ to the false pelvis. Superior/Inferior

inferior

the _ of the scapula where the medial and lateral borders meet

inferior angle

On the os coxae, the ischial ramus is fused to the

inferior pubic ramus

a meniscus could be found in which joint?

knee

the sagittal suture joins the

left and right parietal bones

the bones of the fingers and toes are categorized as

long bones

A synarthrotic joint would have

low mobility and high stability

the hyoid bone is located between the

mandible and the larynx.

what is the superior portion of the sternum called?

manubrium

The bony projections that can be palpated medially and laterally at the wrist are the

medial and lateral epicondyles

Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate?

metaphysis

The ___ cranial fossa ranges from the posterior edge of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone (anteriorly) to the anterior region of the ?? part of the temporal bone (posteriorly). It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland.

middle

which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture?

no exceptions: all choices are involvled

the elbow contains _ articular capsule(s)

one

which sis the definition for a greenstick fracture?

only one side of the bone is broken; the other side is bent

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

os coxa

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as

osteoarthritis

mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

the ligament that attaches the patella to the tibia is the

patellar ligament

The ___ is the border between the true and false pelvis.

pelvic inlet

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

plane

When dribbling a basketball, the radius is crossed over the ulna in the forearm. In other words, the forearm is

pronated

flat bones

protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

The ___ part of each limb forms first.

proximal

a movement that increase or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) _ motion

rotational

What bone(s) does the clavicle articulate with?

scapula and sternum

the cervical and lumbar curvatures are _ curves, and they arch _

secondary; anteriorly

chronically high levels of _ inhibits bone growth

serotonin

The bones of the wrists and ankles are classified as ___ bones.

short bones

what is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

site of bone elongation and growth

In the anatomcial position, the radius and ulna are parallel to one another. Therefore, the forearm is in the ___ position.

supinated

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

supination

which is not a type of synovial joint?

suture

The joints between cranial bones of the skull are called ___.

sutures

Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a

synarthrosis

the deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the _joint

talocrural

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the _ process of the zygomatic bone form thy zygomatic arch

temporal

which statement accurately compares the hand and the foot?

the hand and the foot each have 14 phalanges

when considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the

third-class lever

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the ____ & ___ curvatures.

thoracic and sacral

the patellar ligament attached the patella to the

tibia

Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called ___ ribs.

true ribs

which sex tends to lose more bone mass with aging?

women

The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of the ___ & ___ bones.

zygomatic/temporal

Which of the following structures is a part of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius? A: Capitulum B: Olecranon C: Trochlea D: Medial epiondyle

A: Capitulum

Check all that are parts of the typical vertebra. A: Pedicles B: Spinous Process C: Body D: Vertebral foramen

All are correct

Select all the features that are major landmarks in the os coxae. Check all that apply. A: Obturator foramen B: Arcuate line C: iliac fossa and ala D: iliac crest

All are correct

What are the location, functions, and descriptions associated with the patella? Check all that apply. A: Large, roughly triangular sesamoid bone B: Surface articulates with femur C: Kneecap D: Housed within tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle

All are correct

which is not correct regarding articulations?

All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Check all that are bones of the pelvic girdle. A: Sacrum B: Right os coxae C: Left os coxae D: Coccyx

B, C

Check all of the statements that are correct regarding the development of the skull from infancy through childhood. A: Most fontanelles ossify by the time the infant is 2 years old. B: The anterior fontanelle can still be palpated 18 to 24 months after birth. C: The front bone and mandible are separate right and left bones at birth. D: The skull grows more rapidly than the rest of the skeleton during childhood.

B, C, D

Which of the following is not a cranial bone? A: Occipital B: Ethmoid C: Mandible D: Parietal E: Frontal

C

Which of the following is not part of the ethmoid bone? A: Crista galli B: Perpendicular plate C: Greater wing D: Cribiform plate

C

the zone found in an epiphyseal plate in order closest to epiphysis to diaphysis

C. ossification, A. calcified cartilage, B. hypertrophic cartilage, E. proliferation cartilage, D. resting cartilage

Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.

C.D.A.B.

which cervical vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens

C7

What is the secondary curvature of the vertebral column that develops as a result of a child being able to hold up its head without support?

Cervical

which is false regarding ligaments?

Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

which is not correct about spongy bone?

It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

If you palpate the medial side of your ankle, what prominent process of the tibia are you feeling?

Medial malleolus

which bones articulate with the femur?

Os coxae, tibia, patella

The sella turcica is part of which bone?

Sphenoid

The acetabulum is ___.

a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.

the fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the

acetabular labrum

At what location do the three bones of the os coxae fuse?

acetabulum

The head of the femur articulates with the ___.

acetabulum

knee ligaments that are deep to the articular capsule and prevent anterior and posterior movement of the femur on the tibia.

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

the occipital condyles articulate with the

atlas

Rami, trochanters, tubercles, and tuberosities are bone markings that serve as

attachments for ligaments or tendons

protection of vital organs and hematopoiesis are two functions commonly named for the _ skeleton

axial

The first vertebrae of the spin is called the ___.

axis

Upper limb development begins 2 to 4 days ___ lower limb development.

before

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

bursae

during appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the

chondroblasts

the epiphyseal plates in the _ are the last ones in the body to ossify

clavicle

What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis?

fibrocartilage

the sagittal surface is a(n)

fibrous joint

Dense regular connective tissue called an interosseous membrane connects the tibia and ___.

fibula

when making a fist, the fingers are

flexed

In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________.

flexed; rotation

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

flexion

The membranous sheets that connect developing cranial bones are called

fontanelles

The talus, calcaneus, navicular. cuboid, lateral, intermediate, and cuneiform bones are all part of the ___.

foot

A rounded passageway through a bone is called a ___.

foramen

spongy bones

forms dipole in the cranial bones

in a first-class lever

fulcrum in the middle

which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name?

glenohumeral joint - elbow

when bone forms by intramembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within

hyaline cartilage

The slender, curved bone that is located inferior to the skull between the mandible and larynx is the ___ bone.

hyoid

The largest of the three coxal bones is the ____.

illum

high blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

increase

In the kidneys, parathyroid hormone acts to ________ production of calcitriol and to ________ excretion of calcium in urine.

increase; decrease