Blood bank exam 1
massive, pathological overproduction of cytokines that contributes to pathogensis
A cytokine "storm" is a:
amorph
A gene, such as the O gene, that produces no detectable product is called
AO
A women with blood group A marries a man with blood group O. Their firstborn child has blood group O. The mother's most probable genotype is
inflammation of an unknown cause is present
Acute-phase reactants are elevated in a patients serum. What does this result, on its own, indicate about the patient?
decreased vascular permeability
All of the following are functions performed by the complement system except:
decrease in the number of cell receptors when going from a resting to a reactive state
All of the following are included in the actions of cytokines except:
hemolysis
All of the following techniques are used in the lab to detect blood group antigens or antibodies except:
Alleles
Alternate form of a gene that can occur at a single chromosome locus are referred to as:
in vitro
An advantage to closing using the polymerase chain reaction is that it can be done completely _____
22C
At what temp do IgM antibodies react?
by binding of antigen with antibody
How is the classical pathway of complement activated
the primary response has a long lag phase; the anamnestic response has a short lag phase
Identify the true statement about the anamnestic response vs the primary response.
monocytes/macrophages
IgG-coated RBC's will be phagocytized by what effector cells?
IgM IgG
In a immune response, ________ antibodies are formed before _________
gamma
In serum protein electrophoresis, which band contains the immunoglobulins?
M and N are codominant alleles
In the MN blood group system, a person who inherits an "M" allele and an "N" allele expresses both M and N antigens on the RBC's. Which of the following is true?
for all of the above
Molecular RBC antigen typing is used:
codominant
Most antigens in the various blood group systems follow what kind of inheritance patterns?
all of the above
Name a lymphoid organ in which cells of the immune system can be found
B cells
Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are:
acute-phase proteins
Serum proteins that increase in concentration within 24 to 48 hours of the onset of infection or injury are called:
Memory cells in the secondary response
The difference in kinetics between a primary and secondary immune response is caused by the presence of
Mannose
The lectin pathway is initiated by the presence of which of the following?
C5b6789
The membrane attack unit of complement is represented by which of the following
lymphocytes
The only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different antigenic determinants are:
heavy chain
The portion of the immunoglobulin molecule that determines class is the
memory T/B cells
What cells are responsible for mounting a secondary response when exposure to the same antigen occurs?
positive result
What does hemolysis represent in an antigen-antibody reaction?
the attraction of neg charges on the surface of red blood cells to pos charges
What does the term zeta potential mean?
Trait is not carried on the sex chromosomes
What is meant by the term autosomal
variable region of light/heavy chain
What is responsible for recognition of the antibody-binding site to homologous antigen?
a protein molecule produced in response to an antigen
What is the definition of an immunoglobulin?
proteins
What substances are responsible for the activation of the alternate complement pathway?
sensitization
When antigen and antibody combine, they are held together by noncovalent forces, with the absence of a visible lattice, this stage is called____________
variable region
Where on an antibody molecule does combination with antigen take place?
ABO
Which blood group antibodies are known to activate complement, leading to intracellular hemolysis?
IgG
Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
IgM
Which immunoglobulin exists in a pentameric configuration?
IgD
Which immunoglobulin is found in only trace amounts of serum?
it is able to fix complement
Which is a characteristic of IgM?
IgG
Which of the following antibodies is considered the most significant in blood banking bc it reacts at body temp?
alloantibodies
Which of the following are produced after exposure to genetically different nonself antigens of the same species?
amplification of DNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA
Which of the following best describes the principle of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)?
all of these
Which of the following can be measured as an indicator of inflammation?
two light chains and two heavy chains held together by covalent disulfide bonds
Which of the following corresponds to the basic structure of immunoglobulin?
IgM
Which of the following immunoglobulins is able to activate complement?
it is found in secretions
Which of the following is a characteristic of IgA?
clearance of antigen-antibody complexes
Which of the following is an important function of the complement system?
C4
Which of the following is cleaved first by C1qrs in the classical pathway of complement activation?
the double helix consists of 2 strands of nucleotides, which are parallel
Which of the following is not consistent with the structure of DNA?
the basic information of life flows from DNA through RNA to proteins
Which of the following is representative of the "central dogma" of molecular biology?
MBL, C4, C2, C3
Which of the following is the correct order of activation of complement in the lectin activation pathway?
IgM participates in placental transfer
Which of the following statements concerning the structure of immunoglobulins is false?
isotypic refers to all members of a species
Which of the following statements is true concerning immunoglobulin variations?
calcium is inactivated
Why is EDTA not conductive to complement activation?
X linked dominant
a father carries the Xg^a trait and passes it on to all of his daughters but none of his sons. What type of inheritance does this represent?
plasma cells
antibodies are secreted by:
They are chemical messengers that regulate the immune system
characteristics of cytokines include which of the following?
IgG: most abundant in serum
identify the correct pairing of an immunoglobulin and its property
it plays a key role in all pathways
identify the true statement about C3
mechanisms are always present and fully functional
which of the following is characteristic of natural immunity?
