Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation
The postoperative client has a catheter in his brachial artery for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Which assessment would be a concern for the nurse?
his hand is numb.
The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion?
140 mm Hg or higher
When trying to educate a client about the release of free radicals and the role they play in formation of atherosclerosis, which statement is most accurate?
Activated cells that release free radicals oxidize LDL, which is harmful to the lining of your blood vessels.
Which client is at greatest risk for orthostatic hypotension?
A 66-year-old postoperative client on bed rest
In which situation is blood most likely to be rapidly relocated from central circulation to the lower extremities?
A client is helped out of bed and stands up.
Because of its location, the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm may first be identified by which clinical manifestation?
A pulsating mass
A client with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes has seen a gradual increase in her blood pressure over the past several months, culminating in a diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Which factor has most likely resulted in the client's increased blood pressure?
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
A client taking an antihypertensive drug for several months comes to the physician's office with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Select the response that best describes the pressure-sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall.
Baroreceptors
Autonomic nervous system control of blood pressure is mediated through which physiologic process? Select all that apply.
Baroreceptors in blood vessels Carotid artery chemoreceptors Pain and strong emotion Aortic chemoreceptors
The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which action/activity demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?
Going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly
A client with malignant hypertension is at risk for a hypertensive crisis, including the cerebral vascular system often causing cerebral edema. The nurse would assess this client for which signs and symptoms?
Headache and confusion
An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug?
Hypotension
The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?
LDL
A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply.
Smoking cessation Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels Weight reduction if overweight
Which goal is a priority for a nurse caring for a client diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension?
Preventing falls
A female client tells the health care provider that she has recently been experiencing episodes of changes occurring in the color of her fingertips, especially when she experiences cold temperatures. She further states that the tips become pale, turn a bluish color, and then become reddened. The client is most likely experiencing:
Raynaud phenomenon
A 56-year-old woman presents at the clinic complaining of the unsightliness of her varicose veins and wants to know what can be done about them. The nurse explains that the treatment for varicose veins includes which intervention?
Sclerotherapy or surgery
The nurse knows that which food is excluded from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet?
Steak
A client is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis. The nurse anticipates the administration of which medication in an attempt to dissolve the clot?
Streptokinase
A client diagnosed with giant cell arteritis will likely experience pain located in which region of the head?
Temporal
The nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading?
The client just smoked a cigarette.
The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system?
The kidneys
The nurse knows that systolic hypertension carries risk for which cardiovascular events? Select all that apply.
Thrombosis Damage to elastic elements of blood vessel walls Atherosclerosis Risk for aneurysm
Which is the most common site for an aortic aneurysm?
abdominal aorta
A health care provider is providing care for a client who developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and a pulmonary embolism following a period of bed rest. Which factor will the nurse determine did not contribute to the formation of a DVT?
increased heart rate
The client tells the provider he has lower back pain. Although most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic, the provider examines the client for which initial sign of this condition?
A pulsating mass in the abdomen
The nurse recognizes that insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia may be related to development of which of the following? Select all that apply.
Hypertension Type 2 diabetes Hyperlipidemia Glucose intolerance
The nurse knows that vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) plays which role in blood pressure control?
Promotes retention of water
A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for:
Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back
Which blood vessel layer is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?
Tunica media
