Blood

Signs of iron deficiency anemia include:

hematocrit declines, and hemoglobin content and O2-carrying capacity reduced

During the recycling of a red blood cell

iron and amino acids are recycled to be used in erythropoiesis, while unusable products are excreted into the small intestine in bile.

Along with calcium ions, which vitamin is involved in almost every aspect of blood coagulation?

k

Hemoglobin molecules that float in the bloodstream because of the breakdown of RBCs by hemolysis will be excreted in the:

kidney

duing an infection, the white blood cell count may exceed 100,000 cells/(L, a condition known as

leukocytosis.

Erythropoietin appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to:

low oxygen concentrations

If agglutinogen B meets with agglutinin anti-A, the result is:

no agglutination occurs

In which pregnancy is an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis?

no pregnancy

Protein synthesis in a mature RBC occurs primarily in:

none of the above

Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents like hydrogen peroxide?

nuetrophils

The most common blood type among Americans is

o

he process of hemostasis includes five phases. The correct order of the phases as they occur after injury is as follows:

vascular, platelet, coagulation, clot retraction, clot destruction

The bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is __________ than that of fetal hemoglobin and oxygen.

weaker than

The "patrol agents" in the blood that defend the body against toxins and pathogens are:

white blood cells and antibodies

Which of the following is NOT a reason why venipuncture is usually the preferred method for obtaining a blood sample?

Walls of veins are thicker than arteries.

The binding of a heme unit's iron ion to an oxygen ion

all of the above

The embryonic cardiovascular system:

all of the above

The platelet phase includes

all of the above

The process of hemostasis includes the

all of the above

The rate of megakaryocyte activity and platelet formation is regulated by:

all of the above

The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during:

an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection

If you have type A blood, your plasma holds circulating __________ that will attack __________ erythrocytes.

anti-B agglutinins; type B

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs, blood may be required via:

arterial puncture

Erythropoiesis occurs in

b and c

During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to:

biliverdin

The process of reintroducing packed RBCs before an athletic event that were earlier removed is called:

blood doping

Reticulocytes account for about __________ percent of the erythrocyte population.

1

Normal hemoglobin concentrations are in the range of __________ g/dl.

12-18

Lymphocytes account for __________ percent of circulating white blood cells.

20-30

A normal hematocrit is in the range of

37-54

Blood temperature is roughly _____ °C, and the blood pH averages _____.

38 °C; 7.4

The lifespan of a typical RBC is about

4 months

there are __________ major blood types and __________ different surface antigens.

4,3

A hemoglobin molecule consists of __________ chains of polypeptides, and ___________ heme units, which each contain the element ___________.

4,4,iron

On average, one microliter of blood contains __________ erythrocytes.

5.2 million

If blood comprises 7 percent of the body weight in kilograms, how many liters of blood would there be in an individual who weighs 85 kg?

5.95

Under "normal" conditions, neutrophils comprise __________ of the circulatory white blood cells.

50-70

A typical microliter of blood contains __________ leukocytes.

6,000-9000

Agglutinogens are contained (on, in) the __________, while the agglutinins are found (on, in) the __________.

: cell membrane of the RBC; plasma

The most abundant blood cells are

: erythrocytes.

oloration of urinary and digestive wastes is the result of the presence of which products from the breakdown of red blood cells?

: urobilins and stercobilins

If Misty is type A and needs to receive transfusions of blood during a surgery, which blood type(s) could she receive?

A and O

The plasma protein that functions in blood clotting is

Fibrogen

Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets?

Formation of the substance of a clot

An individual with type AB blood has __________ antigens and __________ antibodies.

AB, no

Which type of healthy human would typically have four to five liters of blood?

Adult female

Which of the following statements is false concerning T cells and B cells?

B cells differentiate into T cells and produce antibodies against foreign antigens.

In the first pregnancy of an Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive child, why are there usually no symptoms of erythroblastosis fetalis?

Blood between mother and child does not mix until birth.

t is an illegal practice for Olympic competitors to receive doses of which hormone, which stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Erithroprotein

Which of the following statements concerning white blood cells is false?

Monocytes begin their development in bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus, spleen, or liver to complete the maturation process.

Which of the following statements concerning hemoglobin is NOT true?

Most of the hemoglobin in red blood cells is in the form of carbaminohemoglobin.

Because the concentration of dissolved gases is different between the plasma and the tissue fluid:

O2 will tend to diffuse from the plasma to the interstitial fluid, and CO2 will tend to diffuse in the opposite direction

ch of the following statements concerning red blood cells is incorrect?

There are approximately 10,000 red blood cells in a microliter ((L) of blood.

Which diseases state would be characterized by a concentration of up to 1,000,000 platelets/µL in the plasma?

Thrombocytosis

Which of these drugs does NOT depress the clotting response or dissolve clots already present?

Thromboplastin

Which of the following factors does NOT restrict the coagulation process?

Thromboxane A2

he major effect of a vitamin K deficiency in the body is that it leads to:

a breakdown of the common pathway, inactivating the clotting system

lot destruction involves a process that begins with:

activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin

Which type of plasma protein serves as a carrier for the hormones T3 and T4?

albumins

A noticeable feature of a leukemia is:

all of the above

Blood

all of the above

Circulating mature RBCs lack:

all of the above

The major components of the cardiovascular system are the:

blood, heart, blood vessels

Syneresis refers to the process of

clot retraction

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

coordination of body system responses

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

elastic fibers

n addition to water and proteins, the plasma consists of:

electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes

When plasma O2 concentrations are falling, the rising plasma CO2 binds to the __________ portion of the hemoglobin molecule.

globin

Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature:

erythocytes

he disease hemophilia is caused by a lack of which blood clotting factor?

factor viii

The iron extracted from heme molecules during hemoglobin recycling is stored in the protein-iron complexes:

ferritin and hemosiderin

e plasma protein that plays an important role in blood clotting is

fibrin

Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow responsible for:

formation of platelets

The precursor of all blood cells in the human body is the:

hemocytoblast

Jessica has just moved to Denver, Colorado, from Orlando, Florida. What condition is she experiencing now that is stimulating the production of erythropoietin and, consequently, more red blood cells?

hypoxia caused by an increase in her elevation above sea level

Myeloid stem cells will differentiate into progenitor cells, which give rise to all white blood cells, except:

lymphocytes

Monocytes leave the circulation to become

macrophages

Which of the following is an agranular leukocyte that becomes a tissue macrophage after approximately 24 hours in circulation?

monocytes

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an Rh __________ woman bears the second child of an Rh __________ man.

negative,positive

Which of the lymphocytes is also known as a polymorph?

neutrophil

A vitamin B12 deficiency results in the type of anemia known as:

pernicious

The major components of whole blood are

plasma and formed elements

The formed elements of the blood consist of:

red and white blood cells, and platelets

change in the amino acid sequence of DNA coding for one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule results in a condition known as:

sickle-cell anemia

he primary site of erythropoiesis in the adult is the:

the bone marrow

The part of the hemoglobin molecule that directly interacts with oxygen is:

the iron ion

The reason liver disorders can alter the composition and functional properties of the blood is:

the liver is the primary source of plasma proteins

In hemolytic disease of the newborn:

the mother's agglutinins cross the placental barrier and destroy fetal red blood cells

Bleeding along the digestive tract and within the skin is symptomatic of

thrombocytopenia.

The primary function of a mature red blood cell is:

transport of respiratory gas