BLS

While orienting a new medical assistant to the facility, you find a patient who is unresponsive in the exam room. You yell to the medical assistant, "Go get the AED!" Which response by the medical assistant demonstrates closed-loop communication? "I'll call 911" "I'll go get the AED" "Begin CPR, I'll gather the equipment" "OK"

"I'll go get the AED" Closed-loop communication is used to prevent misunderstandings; the receiver confirms that the message has been received and understood.

You and your colleagues are performing CPR on a 6-year-old child. What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio during multiple-provider CPR? 15:2 30:1 30:2 15:1

15:2 In both children and infants, the compression-to-ventilation ratio is 30:2 during single-provider CPR and 15:2 during multiple-provider CPR.

You and two nurses have been performing CPR on a 72-year-old patient, Ben Phillips. When Mr. Phillips shows signs of ROSC, where should you perform the pulse check? At the carotid or brachial artery At the carotid or femoral artery At the carotid or radial artery At the femoral or brachial artery

At the carotid or femoral artery It is appropriate to check the carotid or femoral pulse when an adult patient shows signs of ROSC and multiple providers are present.

A well-organized team response when performing high-quality CPR includes ensuring that providers switch off performing compressions every ___ minutes. 2 4 5 10

2 To minimize fatigue, providers should switch off performing compressions every 2 minutes (which usually occurs during the time of AED analysis).

You perform a rapid assessment and determine that your patient is experiencing cardiac arrest. On the basis of your assessment findings, you begin CPR to improve the patient's chances of survival. Which term refers to clearly and rationally identifying the connection between information and actions? Critical thinking Communication Problem solving Teamwork

Critical thinking This is the definition of critical thinking. When you use critical thinking, you constantly identify new information (e.g., the patient is experiencing cardiac arrest), adapt to the information logically to determine your best next actions (e.g., begin CPR) and anticipate how those actions will affect the patient (e.g., improve patient outcomes).

The nurse assesses a responsive adult and determines she is choking. Which intervention should the nurse implement? CPR making sure to look in the mouth for an object between compression and ventilations Continuous abdominal thrusts Continuous back blows Cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

Cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts For a responsive adult or child with an obstructive airway, providers should first give up to 5 back blows until the obstruction is relieved or, if not relieved, transition to up to 5 abdominal thrusts. If the obstruction is not relieved, they should continue with cycles of 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is relieved. Providers should try chest thrusts if they cannot reach far enough around the patient; the patient might be pregnant; the patient is in a bed or in a wheelchair with features that make abdominal thrusts difficult to do; or back blows or abdominal thrusts are not effective in dislodging the object.

After immediately initiating the emergency response system, what is the next link in the Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Chain of Survival? Integrating post-cardiac arrest care Early defibrillation Early high-quality CPR Injury prevention and safety

Early high-quality CPR This is the Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Chain of Survival: Surveillance and prevention Recognition of a cardiac emergency and activation of the mergency response system Early high-quality CPR Early defibrillation Integrated post-cardiac arrest care Recovery As the third link of the Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Chain of Survival, early CPR keeps oxygen-rich blood flowing and helps delay brain damage and death. It should be initiated immediately, starting with compressions, once cardiac arrest is recognized.

Your adult patient is in respiratory arrest due to an opioid overdose. The team is delivering 1 ventilation every 6 seconds. You administered the recommended dose of naloxone. How often may this dose be repeated? Every 4 to 6 minutes as needed Every 2 to 3 minutes as needed Every 7 to 9 minutes as needed Every 10 to 15 minutes as needed

Every 2 to 3 minutes as needed For a patient in respiratory arrest due to suspected or known opioid overdose, ventilations remain the priority over the administration of naloxone and should not be delayed for interrupted. Follow the manufacturer's instructions or you facility's protocol for naloxone administration. Subsequent doses of naloxone may be repeated every 2 to 3 minutes as needed.

You are working in an OB/GYN office when your patient, Mrs. Tribble, suddenly goes into cardiac arrest. She is 28 weeks pregnant and her fundus is above the umbilical. Which statement is true regarding CPR and AED use for a pregnant patient? Providers should perform high-quality CPR and continuous left uterine displacement (LUD) until the infant is delivered, even if ROSC is achieved. Resuscitative cesarean delivery (RCD) should be performed as soon as possible after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). AED use is contraindicated in pregnant patients because the shock from an AED and chest compressions will harm the infant. The pregnant patient should be placed on her left side during CPR to improve blood flow to the heart and therefore to the infant.

Providers should perform high-quality CPR and continuous left uterine displacement (LUD) until the infant is delivered, even if ROSC is achieved. High-quality CPR with continuous left uterine displacement should be performed on a pregnant patient with a fundus at or above umbilicus or fetal age known to be greater than or equal to 20 weeks. LUD is a technique used in a pregnant patient to move the gravid uterus up and toward the left to relive pressure on the inferior vena cava and maximize the return of blood to the heart and cardiac output.

You are alone caring for a 4-month-old infant who has gone into cardiac arrest. Which is the most effective CPR technique to perform until help arrives? Standing or kneeling at the side of the infant with your hips at a slight angle, provide chest compressions using the encircling thumbs technique and deliver ventilations with a pocket mask or face shield. Standing to the side of the infant, provide chest compressions using the two-hand technique and deliver ventilations with a pocket mask or face shield. Standing to the side of the infant, provide hands-only CPR. Standing to the side of the infant, provide chest compressions using the two-finger technique and deliver ventilations with a BVM.

Standing or kneeling at the side of the infant with your hips at a slight angle, provide chest compressions using the encircling thumbs technique and deliver ventilations with a pocket mask or face shield. When performing single-provider CPR, providers should use the encircling thumbs technique. Standing or kneeling at the side of the infant with your hips at a slight angle, place both thumbs (side-by-side) on the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line. Encircle the infant's chest toward the back of your other fingers to provide support. Then use both thumbs at the same time to provide 30 chest compressions (about 1/2 inches deep and at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute). As you compress the chest, allow for complete recoil. Then, deliver 2 ventilations using a pocket mask or face shield. Remember, a BVM should not be used for single-provider CPR. While the encircling thumbs technique is preferred for single-provider infant CPR, you may alternatively consider using the two-finger technique (two or three fingers placed in the middle of the chest). If the required depth cannot be achieved with either technique, you may consider using a one-hand technique.

What is the correct rate of ventilation delivery for a child or infant in respiratory arrest or failure? 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds 1 ventilation every 10 to 12 seconds 1 ventilation every 8 to 10 seconds 1 ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds

1 ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds Children and infants experiencing respiratory arrest or failure should receive ventilations every 2 to 3 seconds; for adults that ratio is 1 ventilation every 6 seconds.

You are alone performing high-quality CPR when a second provider arrives to take over compressions. When switching roles, you should minimize interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds? 5 seconds 10 seconds 15 seconds 20 seconds

10 seconds To provide high-quality chest compressions, you must use correct hand placement and body position, compress at a proper depth and rate, allow full chest recoil and minimize interruptions to less than 10 seconds.

A 7yo patient goes into sudden cardiac arrest. You initiate CPR and correctly perform chest compressions at which rate? At least 60 compressions per minute 80 to 100 compressions per minute 100 to 120 compressions per minute Over 120 compressions per minute

100 to 120 compressions per minute The correct rate of compressions is the same among adults, children and infants: 100 to 120 per minute.

You are preparing to deliver ventilations to an adult patient experiencing respiratory arrest. You should give 1 ventilation every: 10 seconds 8 seconds 6 seconds 4 seconds

6 seconds The appropriate care is to deliver 1 ventilation every 6 seconds for an adult patient or every 2 to 3 seconds for a child or infant, with each ventilation lasting about 1 second and making the chest rise.

Which statement about bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitations is true? The bag should be decompresses completely to deliver a volume of 1000 to 2000 mL oxygen. A two-person technique is preferred methodology for bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilations as it provides better seal and ventilation volume. Supplemental oxygen should not be attached to the BVM. The BVM should extend past the patient's chin when it is properly placed.

A two-person technique is the preferred methodology for bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilations as it provides better seal and ventilation volume. A two-person technique for bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilations (also referred to as bag-mask ventilations) is the preferred methodology because it provides better seal and ventilation volume. To perform this technique, one provider seals the mask and maintains an open airway while the other provider delivers ventilations. When there is only one provider to deliver ventilations, providers may consider using a pocket mask over a BVM resuscitator for better seal and ventilation volume. However, it is recognized that factors such as limited personnel or the need to perform other time-critical interventions may preclude using two-person BVM technique and BVM may be preferred to pocket mask for supplemental oxygen PEEP and infection control. In these situations, one-person BVM technique is allowable.

You are providing compressions on a 6-month-old who weighs 17 pounds. Which compression depth is appropriate for this patient? About 1/2 inch About 1 inch About 1 1/2 inches About 2 inches

About 1 1/2 inches For infants, compression depth should be about 1 1/2 inches; for a child, about 2 inches; and for an adult, at least 2 inches.

During a resuscitation, the team leader assigns team roles and tasks to each member. You recognize that a task has been overlooked. Which is the most appropriate action? Alert the team leader immediately and identify for them what task has been overlooked. Take on the responsibility of the task, as long as you can maintain your own responsibilities. Assign the overlooked task to another team member. Do the task you were assigned; wait for the team leader to realize what was overlooked.

Alert the team leader immediately and identify for them what task has been overlooked. A team member should always communicate with a team leader if they feel they are lacking any knowledge or skills, if they identify something the team leader may have overlooked or if they recognize a dangerous situation or need for urgent action. This is also a critical aspect of crew resource management; when a problem arises, team members should get the team leader's attention, state their concern, describe the problem as they see it and suggest a solution.

You have assessed your patient and recognized that they are in cardiac arrest. You should begin CPR ____. Immediately Within 20 seconds When the AED arrives Within 10 seconds

Immediately Providers should assess breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds. Once cardiac arrest is recognized, they should begin CPR immediately and use an AED when it is available.

The code team has arrived to take over resuscitative efforts. Among the members of the BLS team, whose role is it to communicate to the code team the patient's status and the care already provided? Timer/recorder Team leader Compressor The most senior-level team member

Team leader Communication to the code team regarding status and care is one of the primary responsibilities of a team leader, along with tasks such as monitoring performance and facilitating a debriefing session. The team leader may have been the first to respond to the emergency and is not always the most senior-level provider present.

You are providing high-quality CPR on a 6yo patient who weighs 44lbs. The AED arrives. It does not have a pediatric setting and includes only adult AED pads. What should you do? Use the adult AED pads Use adult pads but cut them to make them smaller Use only one adult AED pad Do not use the AED until child pads are available

Use the adult AED pads For infants and children aged 8 or younger, or weighing less than 55lbs (25kg), use pediatric AED pads, if available. If pediatric AED pads aren't available - or if the AED doesn't have a pediatric setting - it's safe to use adult AED pads or adult levels of energy for these patients.

You suspect that an unresponsive patient has sustained a neck injury. Which technique should you use to open the patient's airway? An oropharyngeal airway Head-tilt/chin-lift technique Modified jaw-thrust maneuver A nasopharyngeal airway

Modified jaw-thrust maneuver When a patient has a suspected head, neck, or spinal injury, use the modified jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway.

How is a child defined in terms of CPR/AED care? Someone under the age of 1 Someone from the age of 1 month to 8 years Someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty Someone from 1 to 18 years

Someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty A child is defined as someone from the age of 1 year to the onset of puberty, as evidenced by breast development in girls and underarm hair development in boys (usually around the age of 12). When providing CPR and using an AED, follow child guidelines and use appropriately sized equipment.

You enter Ms. Evers's room and notice she is slumped over in her chair and appears unresponsive and cyanotic. You do not see signs of life-threatening bleeding. Which is the next appropriate action? Perform abdominal thrusts Open the airway Simultaneously check breathing, a pulse, and life-threatening bleeding Check for responsiveness

Check for responsiveness Ms. Evers appears unresponsive and cyanotic. The provider does not see signs of life-threatening bleeding. Therefore, they should first check for responsiveness (i.e., perform the shout-tap-shout sequence). Then, they should open the airway and simultaneously check for breathing and a pulse. At the same time, they should scan the body for life-threatening bleeding. Finally, they should use the results of the rapid assessment to recognize the severity of the emergency condition and determine their immediate course of action.

You are alone and caring for a 9-month-old infant with an obstructed airway who becomes unresponsive. Which action should you perform first? Provide 30 chest compressions Check for breathing and a pulse Provide 5 back blows Look in the mouth for the object, and remove it with your pinky if you can see it

Provide 30 chest compressions During care for an unresponsive infant, you must first initiate CPR starting with chest compressions. Between compressions and ventilations, you must look in the infant's mouth for the object that is obstructing the airway, and remove it if you can see it. You should never perform a blind finger sweep.

You are providing care for Mrs. Bove, who has an endotracheal tube in place. How does this affect compressions and ventilations? The team should provide compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 15:1 The team should provide ventilations at a rate of 1 ventilation every 10 seconds without pausing compressions The team should provide compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2 The team should provide ventilations at a rate of 1 ventilation every 6 seconds without pausing compressions

The team should provide ventilations at a rate of 1 ventilation every 6 seconds without pausing compressions If an advanced airway is in place, one provider delivers 1 ventilation every 6 seconds. At the same time, a second provider performs compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute. In this case, the compression-tp-ventilation ratio of 30:2 does not apply because compressions are delivered continuously without pausing for ventilations