BME 235 Final Exam

The anterior pituitary gland secretes how many hormones

6

How much of the glomerular filtrate is typically reabsorbed by the body

99%

Which of the following hormones are released by the anterior pituitary

neither oxytocin nor antidiuretic hormone

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate

In the midbrain, pons, medulla, sacral spinal cord segments S2 - S4

Which of the following endocrine structures is involved in regulation of blood sugar

pancreas

Which branch of the nervous system governs our 'rest and digest' state

parasympathetic

The part of the kidney that receives urine from the major calyxes is called the renal

pelvis

Which types or hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane to influence cell function

peptide hormone

Which of the following neurotransmitters is secreted by autonomic preganglionic fibers

acetylcholine

Which of the following endocrine structures is also considered a ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system

adrenal medulla

Which of the following structures does not contain neuron axons or cell bodies

anterior pituitary

What hormone plays a key role in counteracting dehydration through its actions on the collecting duct

antidiuretic hormone

Which part of the nephron tubules is most impermeable to water

ascending limb of the nephron loop

Which nephrons have short nephron loops and efferent arterioles that branch into peritubular capillaries

cortical nephrons

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the nephron tubules

creatinine

The part of the nephron where filtration occurs is known as

renal corpuscle

Which of the following is not considered a metabolic waste

glucose

Chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream to affect tissues and organs relatively far away from where they are released are known as

hormones

Hormone release by the anterior pituitary is controlled by hormones released from what other structure

hypothalamus

Which of the following is a trigger for aldosterone release

increase in blood pressure

Release of the hormone will ultimately lead to . in blood glucose levels

insulin,decrease

The muscular structure that regulates involuntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra is called the

internal urethral sphincter

In the sympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic axons are relatively and postganglionic are

short, long

The binding of a single hormone molecule to a receptor can lead to the production of many enzyme molecules and metabolic products. This phenomenon is known as

signal amplification

Groups of axons that pass through the sympathetic chain to synapse on collateral ganglia are referred to as

splanchnic nerves

A series of longitudinally arranged ganglia that can be found on either side of the spinal cord from the cervical to coccygeal levels is known as the

sympathetic chain

The process of removing useful solutes from the nephron tubules and returning them to the blood is known as

tubular reabsorption

Fluid leaving the collecting duct of the nephron is known as

urine

The capillaries that are involved in creating and maintaining salinity gradient in the medulla of the kidney are referred to as the

vasa recta

Reabsorption from the nephron tubules to the peritubular capillaries involves transport of substances

Through the tubule epithelial cells and between the epithelial cells

The integrating centers of autonomic reflexes are located in which of the following structures

Both the brainstem and the spinal cord

During autonomic control of pupil diameter, the is responsible for dilation and the system for constriction

Sympathetic, parasympathetic

Which of the following is not filtered at the renal corpuscle

blood cells

The main driving force for glomerular filtration is

blood hydrostatic pressure

What is an example of an autonomic function that does not depend on dual intervention

blood pressure

Which of the following neurotransmitters is secreted y autonomic postganglionic fibers

both acetylcholine and norepinephrine

What part of the nephron tubules plays the most critical role in water conservation

collecting duct

Blood exits the renal corpuscle in the

efferent

Glands that use ducts to secrete their products outside the body are called

exocrine glands