BMGT 335- Past quizzes chapters 1-6
would be LEAST likely to result in improved performance.
. Setting unattainable goals to maximize worker productivity
The extent to which goals are challenging, attainable, and require effort is known as
1
Which of the following was a primary cause of the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States?
foreign competition
stress refers to manageable levels of stress for reasonable periods of time that generate positive emotions including satisfaction, excitement, and enjoyment
functional
are written predictions specifying expected relationships between certain variables.
hypotheses
refers to an individual's general strategy for dealing with other people and the degree to which they feel they can manipulate others in interpersonal situations.
machiavellianism
The _________________ makes job specialization difficult to implement, even though it seems as if it would be highly effective.
monotony associated with each task
What term refers to the match between an individual and his or her supervisor and workgroup?
person-group fit
fit refers to the fit between a person's interests, abilities, values, and personality, and a profession.
person-vocation
A key component of equity theory is that employees compare their own input/output ratios with the input/outcome ratios of other employees. What is the term for this phenomenon?
social comparison
24. __________ diversity refers to observable differences in people, including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender.
surface-level
Successful business strategies are grounded in creating and maintaining a competitive advantage that is
sustainable
Deming believed that when things go wrong, it is almost certain that the ________ rather than the __________ is the cause.
system,worker
An extrovert is most likely to be which of the following?
talkative
The job characteristics theory says that __________ is critical to motivating workers because it helps them identify with their work and its tangible outcome.
task identity
Deepak is the founder of a small game development studio. He devised a method for meeting deadlines that has proven very effective for his organization. Deepak believes that his method will also work for any other organization. What type of perspective does this belief reflect?
universal
What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse?
uppermost leadership
Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being imaginative, cultured, curious, broad-minded, and artistically sensitive?
openness to experience
Who developed scientific management?
Frederick Taylor
Who theorized that there are a number of distinct forms of intelligence that each individual possesses in varying degrees?
Gardner
Diversity can involve which of the following?
Gender,Race,Age
In the study of stress, what does GAS stand for?
General Adaptation Syndrome
Maslow helped to increase managers' awareness of the motivating potential of giving employees which of the following?
Greater responsibility, challenge, and continuous development
By some estimates, the "half-life" for a technical education in engineering is about three years. Which of the following scenarios illustrates this principle?
Oksana graduates with a degree in mechanical engineering in 2017. By 2020, half of what she learned in her university classes is obsolete.
What term refers to the fit between a person's abilities and the demands of the job?
Person-job fit
Boris works as a receptionist. He's happy with his salary, he gets along well with his coworkers and his boss, there's no stress, and he can get all of his tasks done proficiently. However, he feels unfulfilled and hopes to get a different job soon. Which of the following does Boris lack?
Person-vocation fit
Which dimension of self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished?
Strength
Michael Porter says that to have a competitive advantage, a company must ultimately be able to give customers:
Superior value for their money
Which of the following allows monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination?
The Civil Rights Act of 1991
In most appraisal systems, who is an employee's primary evaluator?
The supervisor
People, who are impatient, competitive, ambitious, and uptight are said to have what personality type
Type A
The study of organizational behavior is beneficial to managers because:
Working with people is an improvable skill
commitment is defined as the degree to which an employee feels positive emotional attachment to the organization and strong identification with its values and goals.
affective
What term refers to a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions?
affectivity
Sheryl is cooperative, forgiving, and understanding. She has high
agreeableness
Which stress stage is triggered when we first encounter a stressor?
alarm
What term refers to how people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviors and achievements?
attribution
refers to exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration
burnout
What term refers to an incompatibility between behavior and an attitude or between two different attitudes?
cognitiv dissonance
Which of the following characteristics gives Costco a competitive advantage?
committed employees
10. Derek serves on the board of directors for a furniture company. He is also the CEO of a timber company attempting to secure a contract with the furniture company. What is this situation an example of?
conflict of interest
is NOT one of the seven universal emotions.
confusion
16. ____________ depend primarily on active experimentation and abstract conceptualization to learn.
convergers
What term refers to the fundamental premises people hold about themselves and their functioning in the world?
core self evaluations
Firms pursuing a __________ strategy strive to be the lowest cost producer in an industry for a particular level of product quality.
cost leadership
Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on which of the following?
customer intimacy
Harriet's company makes tax software. It used to take the company two years to roll out a new version of the software, but now it only takes one year. The company has reduced its _______
cycle times
What term refers to the "invisible" characteristics in others that take more time to learn about, but can have a strong effect on group and organizational performance?
deep level diversity
Which of the following is not a facet of human resource management?
developing incentives to use fewer employees
are superior in generating alternative hypotheses and ideas and tend to be imaginative and people- or feeling-oriented.
divergers
9. Which term refers to the variety of observable and unobservable similarities and differences among people?
diversity
David is self-aware, manages his emotions, expresses empathy for others, and possesses social skills. He has high
emotional intelligence
Allowing employees to decide what hours they work on the days they are required to work would be an example of _
flextime
Which term refers to the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information?
general mental ability
20. Which sensory modality is LEAST important to learning?
gustatory
The __________ effect occurs when people improve some aspect of their behavior or performance simply because they are being assessed.
hawthorne
15. Personality is a product of which of the following?
heredity and environment
Which of the following would be most likely to support an organization's empowerment efforts?
increasing commitment to training
What term refers to the manner in which individuals process and organize information during learning?
info processing capacity
According to Victor Vroom, _______________ is the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward.
instrumentality
According to __________, an individual's behavior results from a continuous, multidirectional interaction between the characteristics of the person and of the situation.
interactionalism
Personality clashes are an example of
interpersonal value conflict
3. Which of the following countries is highly assertive and materialistic?
japan
Worker productivity and motivation can be improved through positive work-related experiences, according to the theory of _
job enrichment
A work group of three secretaries who take turns answering the phones, sorting mail, and typing and filing correspondence are demonstrating which of the following?
job rotation
Which of the following is NOT a motivation factor in Herzberg's model?
job security
A person who feels equitably treated is motivated to _
keep things as they are
7. Arthur appears to be poised, calm, resilient, and secure. He displays low
neuroticism
What term refers to feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons?
normative commitment
Which of the following is NOT an example of organizational citizenship?
not asking for a raise
13. Which managerial function involves designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and establishing patterns of authority between jobs and units?
organizing
If a company creates and maintains a culture that encourages employees to bring new ideas into the company, it is most likely to be using what strategy?
Differentiation
Whose theory is the Hierarchy of Needs?
Abraham Maslow
Which of the following has NOT contributed to the rise in the volume of international business?
The ease with which companies can obtain financing
What term refers to valuing control of situations and other people?
power
refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people.
projction
8. What is the primary motivation behind off-shoring?
reduced labor costs
Organizational behavior is defined as the study of three interrelated areas, one of which is:
The individual-organiziation interface
The steps of the scientific method go in which order?
Theory, Hypotheses, Data, Verification
Type A personality types tend to have which of the following characteristics?
They are likely to be highly work oriented They have a strong sense of time urgency They have a lot of drive and motivation
A company has a(n) _____________ workforce when one group of employees has a contractual arrangement with the firm that is different from that of another group.
Tiered
Who developed a learning style orientation measure to address some of the limitations of the Kolb inventory?
Towler and Dipboye
16. ___________ is a highly individualistic country.
USA
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of self-efficacy?
Value
what are extrinsic work values
Values related to the outcomes of the work, such as financial gain
what are intrinsic work values
Values that are related to the work itself
6. Workplace bullying can include which of the following?
Verbal abuse Threats Intimidation
What term refers to differences in a certain type or category, including group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional background?
Viriety
In collectivist cultures, _______________ typically take precedence over specific tasks or responsibilities.
relationships
The _________ method relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods, samples, and settings.
scientific
management is based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies.
scientific management
According to the human relations approach, offering employees _____________ is the best way to enhance motivation in the workplace.
self-direction
What term refers to a person's confidence in his or her ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task?
self-efficacy
What term refers to any system that interacts with the environment through one of the basic senses?
sensory modality
Title VII prohibits employee discrimination based on a variety of characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
sexual orientation
What type of learners are most likely to enjoy making outlines of text and lecture material?
structured learners
What term refers to drawing a general impression about something or someone based on a single (typically good) characteristic?
the halo effect
Attribution theory says that we evaluate behavior in terms of all of the following EXCEPT
the nature of the job
Behavior that is reinforced after periods of time, with the time span varying from one time to the next is called
variable-interval
A biologist wants to know whether a plant's growth is affected by the material it's planted in. She plants lima bean seeds in a jar of dirt, a jar of cotton, and a jar of rocks, then provides each jar with equal amounts of water, plant food, and sunlight. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?
what the seeds are planted in
When does intrapersonal value conflict occur?
when being happy pulls us to spend quality time with our family, but personal ambition pulls us to work longer hours and pursue promotions
A 360-degree feedback system includes
a wide range of feedback, as well as intangible and subjective measures of performance.
Management by objectives efforts are typically designed to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT
d. allow individual goals to determine organizational policy.
Deming believed that removing _______ from the workplace gives employees pride in their workmanship, which increases production.
fear
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is most important for which of the following groups?
firefighters
What is the second step in the performance appraisal process?
2
Which approach to performance management identifies financial and nonfinancial performance measures and organizes them into a single model?
3
In collectivistic cultures such as Japan, performance appraisals tend to be
4
Humphrey and Lina, who work at different firms, each receive a 3% raise. Most of Humphrey's coworkers receive a 5% raise, and he is unhappy with his raise. Most of Lina's coworkers receive a 1% raise, and she is happy with her raise. Humphrey and Lina most likely have different reactions to their raises because their raises have different ____
5
paid time off is an example off
6
Paid time off is an example of _
7
5. What is an expatriate?
A person temporarily or permmanetly living in a country other than that of legal residence
What psychologist's work laid the foundation for the study of behavior modification?
B.F. Skinner
Why might some people pursue multiple vocations during the course of their careers?
Because they have diverse interest Because they get bored with one vocation
In the Equity Theory of Motivation, what is the meaning of "equity?"
Belief of fair treatment relative to others
What term refers to businesses living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity?
Corporate social responsibility
is the first step in the organizational behavior modification process.
Defining what can be improved
What term refers to a heightened emotional and intellectual connection that an employee has for his/her job, organization, manager, or coworkers that, in turn, influences him/her to apply additional discretionary effort to his/her work?
Employee engagement
Which of the following enumerates one reason why service organizations have different hiring standards from manufacturing organizations?
Employees who manufacture goods don't usually interact with customers
Listening to employees, recognizing their work, building trust, and behaving ethically has been shown to boost each of the following measures of performance EXCEPT:
Environmental Preservation
Which of the following refers to a positive type of stress?
Eustress
Which type of reinforcer is most appropriate when a manager realizes he or she has been rewarding the wrong thing and wants to stop the behavior?
Extinction
21. Which of the following traits is/are related to job satisfaction?
Extraversion Agreeableness Emotional stability
One of your remote employees makes a mistake on an important project, so you must write her an email that explains the nature of the mistake and stresses how vital it is that the mistake is both fixed and never repeated. At the same time, because it was an honest mistake, you do not want your email to demoralize, demotivate, or otherwise unduly upset your employee. Your ability to write an email that corrects your employee's behavior without damaging her productivity or your relationship with her falls under which category of skills?
Interpersonal skills
An employee in which one of the following countries would be most likely to go behind her boss's back in order to finish a project successfully?
Israel
Ichabod's company refashions discarded dolls and other toys into furniture, utensils, and decorative items. Which of the following is the most apt label for Ichabod's organization?
Manufacturer
A performance bonus is an example of which of the following?
Positive reinforcement
A company's ________ policy states what data the company will collect about its customers, how that data will be used, and how its customers can opt out of having their information collected and/or shared.
Privacy
Which strategy/strategies gives job candidates realistic information about what it would be like to work for a given firm?
Realistic job previews Hiring customers Using employee referrals
High Machiavellians exhibit
Resistance to social influence Orientation to cognitions rather than emotions Bossiness
Which of the following scenarios most clearly exemplifies the successful use of a manager's diagnostic skills?
Sally suspects that Gary is underperforming because he is not getting enough sleep, not because he is incapable. She lets him work from 10 to 6 instead of 9 to 5, and his performance improves.
A supervisor can enrich a job by doing which of the following?
a. introducing new or harder tasks b. organizing work in teams c. granting additional authority to employees
A goal is most likely to be attained when
a. people are strongly committed to it. b. people are given feedback showing their progress toward the goal.
Albert works as a salesperson making $8 an hour plus 5% of every sale he makes. He receives two weeks of paid vacation a year as well as 50% matching in a 401K retirement fund. In this scenario, "$8 an hour" represents Albert's
base pay
Which of the following is NOT considered a form of incentive program?
base pay
What term refers to the degree to which an employee has the authority to make and implement decisions?
empowerment
What term refers to standards of behavior about how people ought to act in different situations?
ethics
A person who has a(n) __________ locus of control believes that most of the things that happen to her are out of her hands
external
Luck, lack of resources, and other people are examples of __________ factors.
external
