Bones and Bone tissue

Which of these statements concerning bone growth are correct? A) Increased amounts of testosterone and estrogen cause a rapid increase in bone growth. B) Testosterone and estrogen prevent ossification of the epiphyseal plate. C) Too little growth hormone can cause a condition called acromegaly. D) Too much growth hormone can cause dwarfism. E) Achondroplastic dwarfism is caused by too much thyroid hormone

A) Increased amounts of testosterone and estrogen cause a rapid increase in bone growth

Which type of bone growth is responsible for an increase in the diameter of bones? A) appositional growth B) interstitial growth C) endochondral growth D) trabecular growth E) intramembranous growth

A) appositional growth

Cells that produce new cartilage matrix are called A) chondroblasts. B) chondrocytes. C) chondroclasts. D) osteoblasts. E) fibroblasts

A) chondroblasts.

Which of these structures is found within an osteon? A) concentric lamella B) interstitial lamella C) circumferential lamella D) periosteum E) all of these

A) concentric lamella

Which of these connective tissue types has proteoglycans in its matrix? A) bone B) cartilage C) ligaments D) tendons E) both c and d

B) cartilage

The ends of long bones are called A) diaphyses. B) epiphyses. C) lamellae. D) trabeculae.

B) epiphyses.

Which of these substances is present in the largest quantity in bone? A) collagen B) hydroxyapatite C) proteoglycan aggregates D) lacunae cartil

B) hydroxyapatite

Parathyroid hormone causes A) increased chondroblast activity. B) increased bone breakdown. C) decreased blood calcium levels. D) increased calcium lost in the urine. E) all of these

B) increased bone breakdown.

Endochondral ossification A) occurs primarily in the bones of the skull. B) involves calcification of the cartilage matrix. C) produces bone in connective tissue membranes. D) occurs when chondrocytes replace osteoblasts in the matrix.

B) involves calcification of the cartilage matrix.

Which of these locations does NOT contain red marrow in an adult? A) ribs B) skull C) proximal femur D) sternum E) vertebrae

B) skull

Growth in the length of a long bone stops when A) the articular cartilage becomes completely ossified. B) the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified. C) appositional growth at the periosteum stops. D) intramembranous ossification is complete.

B) the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified.

Which portion of a long bone stores yellow marrow in adults? A) the epiphysis B) the medullary cavity C) periosteum D) compact bone E) the epiphyseal plate

B) the medullary cavity

Which of these correctly describes appositional growth of cartilage? A) Chondrocytes in the center of the cartilage lay down new matrix. B) Fibroblasts produce new chondroblasts. C) Chondroblasts in the perichondrium lay down new matrix. D) New osteons are formed from osteoblasts. E) Canaliculi connect between chondrocytes to allow transport of nutrients

C) Chondroblasts in the perichondrium lay down new matrix.

are stem cells that have the ability to become osteoblasts or chondroblasts. A) Osteocytes B) Osteoclasts C) Osteoprogenitor cells D) Osteons E) Chondrocytes

C) Osteoprogenitor cells

Secondary ossification centers A) are located in the diaphysis of the bone. B) are located in the epiphysis of the bone. C) are located in the fontanels. D) appear during early fetal development. E) are locations for intramembranous ossification.

C) are located in the fontanels.

Regarding skeletal system function, A) bone often serves as a model for cartilage growth. B) tendons connect bone to bone. C) blood cells are produced in the marrow of many bones. D) cartilage serves as an important mineral storage area. E) all of these

C) blood cells are produced in the marrow of many bones.

The perichondrium A) surrounds each lacuna in the matrix. B) contains mainly loose connective tissue. C) contains blood vessels and nerves. D) is important for the storage of fat. E) covers the surface of articular cartilage.

C) contains blood vessels and nerves.

The surface of the medullary cavity of long bones is lined with a connective tissue membrane called A) periosteum. B) epiphyseal plates. C) endosteum. D) perichondrium. E) lamellae.

C) endosteum.

Which of these bone types is NOT matched with the correct example? A) long bone-humerus B) short bone-clavicle C) flat bone-scapula D) irregular bone-vertebrae

C) flat bone-scapula

Membrane-covered spaces between developing skull bones are called A) centers of ossification. B) central canals. C) fontanels. D) perforating canals. E) endochondral openings

C) fontanels.

Cancellous bone A) has no osteocytes. B) is located in the diaphyses of long bones. C) is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae. D) does not contain marrow. E) forms the outer surface of most bones other than long bones.

C) is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae

Hydrogen ions are pumped across the ruffled border, producing an acid environment. This describes the activity of A) osteoblasts. B) osteocytes. C) osteoclasts.

C) osteoclasts.

The outer layer of bone, composed of dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves is called A) endosteum. B) concentric lamellae. C) periosteum. D) the epiphyseal plate. E) the diaphysis.

C) periosteum.

In a long bone, the epiphyseal plate is A) located in the center of the diaphysis. B) the outer membrane layer on the diaphysis. C) the location where growth occurs. D) produced when the epiphyseal line changes to bone. E) the location for fat storage.

C) the location where growth occurs

Which of these statements is NOT true regarding bone? A) Osteoblasts produce bone matrix. B) Osteocytes are osteoblasts that have become surrounded by matrix. C) Osteoclasts break down bone. D) Osteocytes are connected to each other by Volkmann's canals. E) Osteocytes are found in lacunae.

D) Osteocytes are connected to each other by Volkmann's canals.

Which of these structures is found in compact bone, but not in cancellous bone? A) osteoclasts B) canaliculi C) lamellae D) central (haversian) canals E) osteocytes

D) central (haversian) canals

Bundles of collagen fibers that penetrate the periosteum into the outer part of the bone are called A) endosteums. B) diaphyses. C) epiphyses. D) perforating fibers. E) trabeculae.

D) perforating fibers.

Fetal bone tissue that has collagen fibers randomly oriented in many directions is A) lamellar bone. B) long bone. C) short bone. D) woven bone.

D) woven bone.

Given these cells: 1. osteoblasts 2. osteocytes 3. osteoprogenitor cells Which of these sequences represents the order in which they are produced? A) 1,2,3 B) 1,3,2 C) 2,1,3 D) 2,3,1 E) 3,1,2

E) 3,1,2

Cartilage A) often occurs in thin plates or sheets. B) receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion. C) is easily replaced if damaged. D) has a good blood supply. E) A and B

E) A and B

Which of these bones is produced at least partly by intramembranous ossification? A) clavicle B) frontal C) mandible D) parietal E) all of these

E) all of these

In endochondral ossification, the perichondrium that surrounded the hyaline cartilage becomes A) circumferential lamellae. B) osteons. C) lacunae. D) perforating canals. E) periosteum.

E) periosteum.