Bontrager chp 1/2
PA or AP oblique projections are placed on the view box with the patient's right side of the body facing the viewer's right. T/F?
FALSE
The acronym PACS refers to picture archiving connection system. T/F?
FALSE
The xiphoid process is a reliable positioning landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning. T/F?
FALSE
Epiglottitis is a condition that is primarily seen with geriatric patients. T/f?
False
A small pneumothorax may be detected by performing inspiration and expiration PA projections. T/F?
TRUE
As a general rule, the use of high kV (110 to 120 kV) requires the use of a grid during chest radiography. T/F?
TRUE
It is common practice to view a PA projection with the patient's left facing the viewer's right. T/F?
TRUE
The CR is centered to midsternum for the AP apical lordotic projection with a 14- ´ 17-inch (35- ´ 43-cm) image receptor (IR). T/F?
TRUE
For anterior oblique radiographs of the chest, the elongated (widened) aspect of the thorax is generally furthest from the image receptor. T/F?
True
What is a common radiographic sign seen on a chest radiograph for a patient with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? a. Air bronchogram sign b. Enlargement of heart c. Fluid in apices d. Elevated diaphragm
a. Air bronchogram sign
What is the primary center for bone growth termed? a. Diaphysis b. Epiphyses c. Epiphyseal plate d. Metaphysis
a. Diaphysis
Which of the following structures is NOT considered as a mediastinal structure? a. Epiglottis b. Aorta c. Trachea d. Thymus gland
a. Epiglottis
A correctly positioned lateral chest radiograph demonstrates some separation of the posterior ribs owing to the divergent x-ray beam. But a separation of greater than ____ cm indicates objectionable rotation from a true lateral. a. 3 b. 2 c. 0.5 d. 1
d. 1
Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior? a. Hyoid bone b. Trachea c. Esophagus d. Larynx
c. Esophagus
A patient is erect facing the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45° toward the image receptor. The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior. What is this radiographic position? a. LPO b. Posteroanterior (PA) c. LAO d. Left lateral
c. LAO
An ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. The patient complains of pain in the center of her chest. What positioning routine should be performed on this patient? a. AP and right lateral projections b. PA and right and left lateral projections c. PA and left lateral projections d. PA and both decubitus projections
c. PA and left lateral projections
What type of CR angle is required for the AP semi axial (alternative lordotic) projection for the lung apices? a. 25° to 35° caudad. b. 10° to 15° caudad. c. None. CR is perpendicular to IR. d. 15° to 20° cephalad.
d. 15° to 20° cephalad.
A general rule states that radiographic grids are required with chest radiography for: a. exposure factors using 80 kV or below. b. all pediatrics. c. all adults. d. exposure factors using 100 kV or greater.
d. exposure factors using 100 kV or greater.
What is the general term for a position in which the long axis of the body is angled in relationship to the image receptor rather than the central ray (e.g., special chest projection)? a. Lordotic b. Axial c. Decubitus d. Trendelenburg
A. Lordotic
The thymus gland is at its maximum size at: a. puberty. b. birth. c. age 21. d. age 40.
A. Puberty
A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a piece of wire in the palm of the hand. What is the minimum number of projections required to be taken for this radiographic study? a. Two b. Three c. Four or more d. One
A. Two
Decubitus chest projections are placed for viewing the way the image receptor "sees" them. T/F?
FALSE
Contrary to common belief, the vertical dimension of an average PA chest is greater than the horizontal dimension. T/F?
FALSE
The thyroid gland is located at the approximate level of: a. the epiglottis. b. C5-7. c. C1-3. d. the carina.
B. C5-7
The jugular notch is located on the: a. sternum. b. scapula. c. thyroid cartilage. d. seventh cervical vertebra.
B.Scapula
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a. Clavicle b. Sternum c. Radius d. Hip bone
B.Sternum
Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart? a. High-kV technique b. Performing study erect c. 72-inch (183-cm) SID d. Using high mA and short exposure time
C. 72 in. SID
What is the recommended kV range for upper airway projections (analog and digital imaging)? a. 50 to 65 kV b. 110 to 120 kV c. 75 to 85 kV d. 90 to 100 kV
C. 75-85 kV
The laryngeal prominence is a positioning landmark located at the level of: a. C3. b. T1. c. C7. d. C5.
D. C5
A patient is lying on her back. The x-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the right side of the body. The image receptor is adjacent to the left side of the body. What is the radiographic position? a. Left lateral decubitus b. Left lateral c. Right lateral decubitus d. Dorsal decubitus
D. Dorsal Decubitus
A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20° toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position? a. RPO (right posterior oblique) b. LPO (left posterior oblique) c. RAO (right anterior oblique) d. LAO (left anterior oblique)
a. RPO (right posterior oblique)
Of the following positioning actions, which one will remove most of the scapulae from the lung fields? a. Roll shoulders forward. b. Depress shoulders. c. Elevate chin. d. None of the above is correct.
a. Roll shoulders forward
The patient's head and neck are hyperextended with the top of the skull directly against the image receptor. The central ray enters just below the chin. Which specific projection has been performed? a. Submentovertical b. Verticosubmental c. Acanthioparietal d. Parietoacanthial
a. Submentovertical
Which of the following analog technical factors is ideal for adult chest radiography? a. 125 kV, 400 mA, 1/40 seconds, 40-inch (102 cm) SID b. 120 kV, 800 mA, 1/40 seconds, 72-inch (183 cm) SID c. 120 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 seconds, 60-inch (153 cm) SID d. 100 kV, 200 mA, 1/20 seconds, 60-inch (153 cm) source image receptor distance (SID)
b. 120 kV, 800 mA, 1/40 seconds, 72-inch (183 cm) SID
What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both food and air? a. Epiglottis b. Esophagus c. Pharynx d. Larynx
b. Esophagus
A patient comes to radiology for a routine chest study. On the PA projection, the radiologist sees a possible calcification near a rib, but she cannot tell whether the calcification is in the lung or on the rib. What additional projections would assist with the diagnosis? a. Right lateral b. Inspiration/expiration PA c. Apical lordotic d. Both lateral decubitus
b. Inspiration/expiration PA
What is a common palpable landmark for the AP chest projection on the obese patient? a. Costal angle b. Jugular notch c. Vertebra prominens d. Xiphoid process
b. Jugular notch
The patient is lying on her right side on a cart. The anterior surface of the patient is against the image receptor. A horizontal central ray enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of the body. What specific projection/position has been performed? AP b. Right lateral decubitus c. PA d. Left lateral decubitus
b. Right lateral decubitus
For an AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient, which of the following should occur? a. The image receptor generally should be placed portrait. b. The CR should be centered 3 inches (8 cm) below the jugular notch. c. The CR should be centered to the mammillary (nipple) line. d. None of the above should occur.
b. The CR should be centered 3 inches (8 cm) below the jugular notch.
A patient is erect with the left side of his chest placed against the image receptor. The central ray enters the right side of the upper chest and exits the left. Which specific position has been performed? a. Ventral decubitus b. Transthoracic lateral c. Right lateral d. Dorsal decubitus
b. Transthoracic lateral
What is the minimal number of projections taken for a postreduction (to realign a fracture) study of the ankle? a. Three b. Two c. One d. Four
b. Two
A condition characterized as an irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles that may result from repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction is termed: a. asthma. b. bronchiectasis. c. dyspnea. d. bronchitis.
b. bronchiectasis
Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest? a. Elongates the carina. b. Prevents overlap of the chin on the upper airway. c. Prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs. d. Separates the heart from the great vessels.
c. Prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs.
The central ray (CR) for an anteroposterior (AP) supine, adult chest projection, should be centered: a. to the level of T4. b. at the xiphoid process. c. at the vertebra prominens. d. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch.
d. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch.
Which chest oblique position will best demonstrate the air-filled trachea, heart, and great vessels? a. 45° RAO b. 60° RAO c. 45° LAO d. 60° LAO
d. 60° LAO
What is the final step taken before making the exposure during a positioning routine? a. Collimation adjustments b. Image receptor centering c. Placing anatomic markers on image receptor d. Ensuring correct gonadal shield placement
d. Ensuring correct gonadal shield placement
A patient enters the ED with a possible hemothorax in the right lung. With help, the patient can sit erect on a cart. Which of the following routines would best demonstrate this condition? a. RPO and LAO erect b. Left lateral decubitus c. Right lateral decubitus d. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart
d. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart
A patient enters the emergency department (ED) to be treated for severe trauma. The physician orders an AP supine chest to evaluate the lungs. What can the technologist do to reduce the magnification of the heart? a. Increase super optical device (SOD) as much as possible. b. Place the cassette landscape. c. Use a short exposure time. d. Increase SID as much as possible.
d. Increase SID as much as possible.
A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position? a. Left lateral decubitus b. Dorsal decubitus c. Right lateral d. Left lateral
d. Left lateral
A patient is in the intensive care unit with multiple injuries. The attending physician is concerned about a pleural effusion in the left lung. The patient had surgery recently and cannot stand. Which position/projection would be best to rule out the pleural effusion? a. Right lateral decubitus b. Apical lordotic c. AP supine d. Left lateral decubitus
d. Left lateral decubitus
A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Because of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition? a. Left lateral decubitus b. AP supine c. Left posterior oblique (LPO) and right posterior oblique (RPO) d. Right lateral decubitus
d. Right lateral decubitus
A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed? a. Rotation into the right anterior oblique (RAO) position b. Left tilt c. Right tilt d. Rotation into the left anterior oblique (LAO) position
d. Rotation into the left anterior oblique (LAO) position
Examples of "flat" bones are the: a. sternum and ilia of pelvis only. b. ribs, sternum, patella, and ilia of pelvis. c. sternum, scapulae, ilia of pelvis, and base of cranium. d. calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum.
d. calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum.
The radiographic term projection is defined as: a. radiographic image as seen from the vantage of the image receptor. b. general position of the patient. c. computer-assisted image. d. path or direction of the central ray
d. path or direction of the central ray
The CR for an AP supine chest should be aligned: a. at the level of the jugular notch. b. at the level of the xiphoid process. c. perpendicular to the long axis of the clavicles. d. perpendicular to the long axis of sternum.
d. perpendicular to the long axis of sternum.