Bonus Student Exam Question Design for Exam 4

In cats, the allele (B) produces black color but (b) produces a yellow color. These alleles are incompletely dominant to each other. A heterozygote produces a tortoiseshell color. The alleles (B) and (b) are sex-linked as well. Cross a tortoiseshell female with a yellow male. What percent of their offspring will be tortoiseshell? a. 25% b. 75% c. 0% d. 50%

50%

Which statement is false in regard to autosomal recessive traits? A) Trait tends to skip generations B) Traits usually appear equally in both sexes C) Individuals who carry the trait have a genotype of A_ D) Consanguinity increases the chance of observing the trait E) 2 recessive alleles are needed to revel the phenotype

C) Individuals who carry the trait have a genotype of A_ (Correct: Individuals who carry the trait have a homozygous recessive genotype (aa), whereas individuals who don't carry the trait have a genotype of A_)

There are approximately 150 students enrolled in Dr. Wang's Genetics course with the following genotypes: AA: 64 Aa: 53 aa: 33 What is the allelic frequency of the a allele (q)? a. 0.3 b. 0.4 c. 0.5 d. 0.6 e. 0.7

Correct Answer: 0.4; ((2*33) + 53)/ (2*150)) = 0.3967=0.4 or (33 + (1/2)*53)/150=0.3967=0.4

A population consists of 250 individuals with these genotypes: BB:120 Bb:80 bb:50 What are the allelic frequencies of p and q, respectively? A. 0.5,0.5 B. 0.64,0.36 C. 0.73,0.27 D. 0.8,0.2 E. None of the above

Correct Answer: B p=(2*120+80)/2*250=0.64 q=(2*50+80)/2*250=0.36

Which of the following does NOT alter allelic frequencies? A) Mutation B) Migration C) Nonrandom mating between individuals in the population D) No genetic drift E) Natural selection occurs

D) No genetic drift (Correct because it DOES alter allelic frequencies. Since there are chance fluctuations in population size, there are changes in allele frequencies compared to having one large population)

All of the following are factors that alter HWE except... A. Natural Selection B. Mutations C. Migration D. Random Mating- Inbreeding E. All of the above alter HWE

Explanation D is the correct answer choice because it is "non"random mating which is considered inbreeding and that alters HWE. Random mating by itself is a very important assumption in the HWE.

Which of the following is not an assumption in Hardy-Weinberg law? a. The population is large b. No mutation c. Mating between individuals in a population is random d. No natural selection e. Individuals migrate into or out of the population

e. Individuals migrate into or out of the population (correct- there is NO migration)

Which type of inherited trait only affects males? a. autosomal recessive traits b. autosomal dominant traits c. X-linked recessive traits d. X-linked dominant traits e. Y-linked traits

e. Y-linked traits (Since females do not have a Y they will not inherit this trait)

A Red eyed female crossed with a white eyed male fly will produce what phenotypic ratios in the F2 generation? A) 1/2 red eyed females, 1/4 red eyed males, 1/4 white eyed males B) 1/4 red eyed females, 1/4 white eyed females, 1/4 red eyed males, 1/4 white eyed males C) 1/2 red eyed females, 1/2 white eyed males D) 1/2 red eyed females, 1/2 red eyed males E) 1/2 white eyed females, 1/2 red eyed males

A) 1/2 red eyed females, 1/4 red eyed males, 1/4 white eyed males (correct: the white eye color is only present in half of the males.)

Which of the following about three-point testcrosses for gene mapping is FALSE? A. It involves the analysis of linkage of three genes at one time. B. One parent within the testcross must be homozygous dominant at all 3 loci. C. One part must be heterozygous at all 3 loci. D. The determination of gene order is based on the RF%. E. All of the above are true.

A, C, and D are all true about the three-point testcross for gene mapping. B is false because one parent must be homozygous recessive at all 3 loci in the testcross, not homozygous dominant.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding color blindness? A. A normal female and color blind male are crossed, resulting in color blind males and normal vision females. B. A color blind female gives birth to color blind males. C. A color blind father and normal vision mother will have a daughter who is color blind. D. Color blindness is inherited as a recessive trait on the X chromosome. E. Color blindness acts on the 23rd chromosome.

A. A normal female and color blind male are crossed, resulting in color blind males and normal vision females. (CORRECT: this is a false statement) When a normal female and color blind male are crossed, it results in normal vision for males AND females.

Which of the following sex chromosome possibilities will NOT result in Klinefelter syndrome? A. XY B. XXY C. XXYY D. XXXXY E. All of the above will result in Klinefelter syndrome

A. XY (Correct, this is a normal male sex chromosome, which will not result in Klinefelter syndrome)

Which inherited trait has only males that are affected? A. Y-Linked B. X-Linked Dominant C. Autosomal Dominant D. Autosomal Recessive E. X-Linked Recessive

A. Y-Linked (This answer is correct because in Y linked trait, males are only affected)

What is the meaning of genetic environment interaction variance? A. is obtained when the effect of a gene depends on a specific environment in which is found. B. Results from the additive action of alleles. C. effect of an allele depends on tother alleles at different loci D the ratio of total phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation E. none of the above

A. is obtained when the effect of a gene depends on a specific environment in which is found.(correct answer)

Which of the following is a TRUE matched set? A.) Height - Discontinuous trait B.) Pea Shape - Continuous Trait C.) Mean & Variance - Qualitative Trait D.) Narrow Heritability - Dominant Genetic Variance

A.) Height - Discontinuous trait (CORRECT)

Read the following characteristics of a specific trait. I: Usually appears equally in both male and female offspring II: Commonly skips a generation III: Consanguinity increases the chances of observing the trait IV: Family members can carry the trait without expressing it (heterozygous) Choose the answer that is best described by the above characteristics of a certain trait. A: Autosomal Recessive B: X-linked Recessive C: Autosomal Dominant D: X-linked Dominant E: Y-linked

A: Autosomal Recessive (Correct: exhibits all of these traits)

Which of these statements is TRUE regarding genetic mapping? a. The offspring from a two-test cross can tell us only the non-recombinants directly between A and B b. RF near 50% indicates that the two genes are close in proximity to each other on the same chromosome c. 1 cM = 50% RF d. When two genes are far apart on the same chromosome, it is highly possible that more than one crossover will occur between them e. All the above are true statements

Answer: (D.) The farther apart two genes are, the higher the RF, meaning the higher likelihood of multiple crossing over events occurring

As discovered in 1956, how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? a) 20 b) 23 c) 46 d) 2 e)4

Answer: B, 23. (Lecture 18 slide 4)

Which is not a factor that contributes to deviation of Hardy-Weinberg Law? A. Mutation B. Genetic Drift C. Nonrandom mating D. Random Mating E. Natural Selection

Answer: D. One of the many assumptions made for HWE is that mating pairs are random. The other answers demonstrate factors that cause populations to deviate from normal HWE. Mutations cause changes in inherited genes, genetic drift is a phenomena of changing genotypic frequencies, nonrandom mating causes changes in genotypic frequency, and natural selection favors certain alleles over others. The assumptions made for HWE are: Random matings, large populations, no migration, no natural selection, and no mutations.

Barr bodies are used as dosage compensation, by inactivating unnecessary X-chromosomes. How many chromosomes would someone with a XXXXY sex chromosomes have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. someone with these sex chromosomes would not survive

Answer: b, 3 barr bodies is correct because one X-chromosome is necessary, and all others can be inactivated.

Which of the following is false regarding human sex chromosomes? (Lecture 18: Sex Determination & Sex-linked Characteristics) a. 2 sex chromosomes in humans b. Y is 1/3 the size of X c. X and Y cannot pair in meiosis d. X and Y chromosomes are homologous at pseudoautosomal regions e. Y chromosome is acrocentric

Answer: c. X and Y cannot pair in meiosis - Correction: They can pair in meiosis

Which of the following is NOT a constraint of studying human genetics? A) Controlled mating is not possible B) Technology is not advanced enough C) Long generation time D) Small family size E) All of the above are constraints

B) Technology is not advanced enough (this is a false statement; this is not a constraint of studying human genetics)

If a mother is a carrier for color blindness (an X-linked recessive trait) and her husband has normal vision, what is the probability that their children will have color blindness? A- 1/2 B- 1/4 C- 0 D- 1 E- 3/4

B- 1/4 (cross XX^c with XY, result is one affected male)

If someone has sex chromosomes of XXY, then how many Barr bodies are present in human cells? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4

B. 1 (the correct number of Barr bodies associated with this syndrome)

If someone has a complement of sex chromosomes that is XXX, resulting in showing that this individual has Triplo-X syndrome, how many number(s) of barr bodies in their human cells are present? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of the above are correct

B. 2 (This correctly represents the right number of barr bodies in human cells within this syndrome).

How many gametes does linkage cause? A. 4 parental gametes B. 2 parental gametes C. 2 parental gametes, 2 recombinants D. 2 recombinants E. None of the above

B. 2 parental gametes (Correct: linkage only causes 2 parents gametes because there is no crossing over)

All of the following statements are true regarding linkage map distance, EXCEPT? A. Genetic map distance is a relative distance B. A recombination frequency near 50% suggests the two genes lie close together on the same chromosome C. A recombination frequency near 50% suggests the two genes are on different chromosomes D. Physical distance between genes correlates with their physical distance on a chromosome E. Genetic map distance is based on recombination frequency between loci

B. A recombination frequency near 50% suggests the two genes lie close together on the same chromosome (correct answer)

Which of the following are TRUE about the types of environmental interaction variance? A. Environmental variance occurs when the effect of gene is independent of the specific environment in which it is found. B. Additive genetic variance is the preferred genetic variance C. Epistasis occurs when when the total within locus genetic variance accounts for the total variation among progeny D. A and B are true E. B and C are true

B. Additive genetic variance is the preferred genetic variance

Which of the following is false regarding an X-linked recessive trait? (Lecture 19: Pedigree Analysis) A. the X-linked recessive trait tends to skip generations B. An affected male will pass the trait to his sons C. the X-linked recessive trait appears more frequently in males D. A heterozygous female will produce about 1/2 affected males E. Y chromosomes are unable to mask the X-linked recessive trait

B. An affected male will pass the trait to his sons (correct: an affected male will NOT pass the trait to his sons because his sons will inherit his Y chromosome, not his X chromosome in which the recessive trait is carried)

Which of the following statements about human sex chromosomes is true? A. Humans have 22 sex chromosomes. B. Both the X and Y chromosomes have primary and secondary pseudoautosomal regions. C. The Y chromosome is considered a submetacentric chromosome shape. D. The Y chromosome is larger than the X chromosome. E. X and Y chromosomes are not able to pair and segregate in meiosis.

B. Both the X and Y chromosomes have primary and secondary pseudoautosomal regions. (Correct: These regions permit X-Y chromosome pairing during meiosis.)

The ability to roll the tongue is a result of a dominant allele. A child can roll his tongue, but one of his parents cannot. What is the child's genotype? A. Homozygous B. Heterozygous C. Hemizygous D. A and C E. Not enough information

B. Heterozygous (correct: this is true because, as stated, the child is displaying a trait possessed by only one parent which means that two different alleles of the gene are present)

Identify the false statement regarding recombination: A. Meiosis events without crossing over has 0% of recombinant gametes B. Meiosis events with crossing over has a maximum of 75% of recombinant gametes C. The recombination frequency is the percentage of recombinant progeny produced in a cross D. Recombination of different alleles can occur through both crossing over and independent assortment E. Crossing-over between two genes occurs in Meiosis I

B. Meiosis events with crossing over has a maximum of 75% of recombinant gametes (Correct: this is a false statement; If crossing over takes place, half of the resulting gametes will have an unchanged chromosome and half will have recombinant chromosomes; a maximum of 50% of recombinant gametes are possible with crossing over)

Which of the following is FALSE in regards to symbols in Pedigree analysis? A. An unaffected person has no color inside of their shape B. Obligate carriers in a pedigree are marked with a P just below their left-bottom side C. A deceased, or dead, person is marked with a diagonal line through their square, circle, or diamond D. In a family, the children are listed in order of birth age, from oldest to youngest E. All of the above are true

B. Obligate carriers in a pedigree are marked with a P just below their left-bottom side (incorrect statement/correct choice: this is false, because obligate carriers are marked with a small red circle inside the middle of their shape)

Which is not one of the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions? A. Random mating B. Small population C. No natural selection D. No mutations E. No migration

B. Small population (Correct: This is not one of the assumptions; it requires a large population to make sure all alleles are accurately represented.)

Which of these statements is TRUE? A. One map unit is also called a deciMorgan in honor of J.P. Morgan. B. The distance between two genes that results in 1% recombination frequency is a map unit. C. Genes with a high RF are closer than genes with a lower RF. D. Genetic map distance is based on the actual physical distance (in bp) between loci. E. To construct a genetic map, you need to determine the RF of each gene pair then determine the order of the genes based on which genes participate in crossing over.

B. The distance between two genes that results in 1% recombination frequency is a map unit. (Correct: this is a true statement, this is the correct definition of a map unit)

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the Xist gene? A. The Xist gene is the X inactivation specific transcription gene B. The gene produces a DNA molecule that coats the X chromosome and inactivates the gene on it by altering the chromatic structure on the X chromosome destined to become inactivated C. On an active X chromosome, this gene is repressed D. About 75% of X linked human genes are inactivated E. The gene produces an RNA molecule that coats the X chromosome and inactivates the gene on it by altering the chromatic structure on the X chromosome destined to become inactivated

B. The gene produces a DNA molecule that coats the X chromosome and inactivates the gene on it by altering the chromatic structure on the X chromosome destined to become inactivated (CORRECT: This statement is false because the gene produces an RNA molecule not a DNA molecule)

Which of the following statements regarding linkage map distances is FALSE? A. The relative distance is based on the RF between loci. B. The relative distance is based on the physical distance measured by base pairs between loci. C. If an RF is near 50%, it can suggest the two genes lie far apart on the same chromosome. D. If an RF is near 50%, it can suggest the two genes are on different chromosomes. E. A map unit is the distance between two genes that results in 1% RF.

B. The relative distance is based on the physical distance measured by base pairs between loci. (Correct: This is the only statement that is false, although there is a correlation with physical distance and genetic distance, the linkage map distance is not based off of the physical distance. Instead, the RF is used)

Which of these statements about segregation and assortment is false? A. When focusing on Linked Genes, the researcher must know the RF and Linkage Phase of a population to predict the outcomes of its crosses. B. When looking at Gene Segregation independence, if we determine p to be > 0.05 (assuming we use 0.05 as our significance level), we can conclude that the deviation seen in the progeny is not due to chance. C. We cannot have Recombinant Frequency that is higher than 50%. D. Linked Genes do not assort independently. E. Linkage Phase does not affect Recombinant Frequency.

B. When looking at Gene Segregation independence, if we determine p to be > 0.05 (assuming we use 0.05 as our significance level), we can conclude that the deviation seen in the progeny is not due to chance. [False]

Which one is a FALSE statement? A. Y-linked traits only pass from father to son. B. X-linked dominant traits skip generations. C. Autosomal recessive traits appears more with consanguinity. D. Autosomal Dominant people have a 50-100% chance of transmitting the trait. E. X-linked recessive traits do not pass from father to son.

B. X-linked dominant traits skip generations. (false: X-linked traits only need one allele to show the trait, so they don't skip generations)

Color blindness in males is an example of what? A. Barr Body B. X-linked recessive trait C. Y-linked trait D. Autosomal recessive trait E. X-linked dominant trait

B. X-linked recessive trait (Correct: Slide 10- Examples of X-Linked Inheritance in Humans)

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors of sex determination from the lecture? A. chromosomal sex determination B. genetic engineering technology C. genes on undifferentiated chromosomes D. environmental by temperature E. none of the above

B. genetic engineering technology (correct answer)

Which of the following statements is FALSE ? A. Grain yield and animal weight are examples of quantitative traits B. Kernel color in wheat is a discontinuous trait C. Mendelian analysis cannot be applied with quantitative traits D. statistical methods are used to describe and analyze quantitative traits E. quantitative traits show a complicated relationship between genotype and phenotype

B. is false because kernel color in wheat is a continuous trait, which means it's a quantitative trait

In a population of 500 individuals, we have 170 with AA genotype, 250 with Aa, and 80 with aa. What is the allelic frequency for p and q? A. q=0.59, p=0.41 B. p=0.59, q=0.41 C. p=0.84, q=0.16 D. q=0.84, p=0.16 E. Need more information

B. p=0.59, q=0.41

Which of the following is not true regarding X-linked dominant trait? A. A person who has an affected trait did not come from one of their parents B. Affected males (fathers) pass the trait to all their daughters C. If a son gets an affected trait, it came from the father D. All of the statements are false E. Both A and C are false

Both A and C are false

An individual has the following sex chromosomes: XXXXY. How many barr bodies does this individual have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. none

C. 3 (The number of barr bodies is equal to the number of X chromosomes in the individual minus 1, for this individual we do 4-1 which results in 3 barr bodies; Lecture 18 Topic Dosage compensation)

You perform a three-point test cross for gene mapping and observe 10 double crossovers. However, you expected 15 crossovers. What percentage of expected double crossovers did not occur? (What is the interference?) A. 67% B. 5% C. 33% D. 50% E. 95%

C. 33% (L21, Gene Mapping)

Which of the following describes the shape of a human Y chromosome? A. Telocentric B. Metacentric C. Acrocentric D. Submetacentric E. Y-shaped

C. Acrocentric (correct because this is what the Y chromosome shape is described as with the centromere is located towards the top of the short telomere)

Which of the following is FALSE? A. Random mating is the most important form of mating in plants and animals B. The sum of genotypic frequencies always adds up to 1 C. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is reached in two generations D. Mutations are the source of novel alleles in a population E. All of the above are true

C. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is reached in two generations (False - It is reached in one generation - Slide 9 of Lecture 23)

Which of the following statements is false regarding the types of inherited traits? A. Autosomal recessive traits tends to skip generations B. Autosomal dominant traits appear in every generation C. In an X-linked recessive trait, the trait passes on from father to son D. In an X-linked dominant trait, the affected male can pass the trait to all their daughters and none to their sons E. All of the statements above are correct

C. In an X-linked recessive trait, the trait passes on from father to son (incorrect since the trait passes on from father to daughter)

Which of the following is true about linkage map distancing? A. Linkage map distancing is based off of physical distance on corresponding loci. B. The greater the physical distance between loci along a chromosome, the smaller the genetic distance between them. C. Linkage map distancing is based off of RF between loci. D. A map unit is the distance between two genes that results in 5% RF.

C. Linkage map distancing is based off of RF between loci. (correct: This is a true statement)

Which of the following statements about Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is false? A. The frequencies of genotypes are stabilized between generations. B. The frequencies of alleles are constant between generations. C. Mating is non random. D. The frequencies of alleles add up to 1. E. All of the above are correct.

C. Mating is non random.

What is NOT TRUE about the Lyons Hypothesis? A. X inactivation is random B. Once an X is inactivated, it remains inactivated C. Neighboring cells do not have the same X chromosome inactivated D. In heterozygous females, 50% of cells express one allele and 50% of cells express the other E. Happens early in development

C. Neighboring cells do not have the same X chromosome inactivated (Correct: neighboring cells do have the same X chromosome inactivated; Lecture 18, Topic: Dosage Compensation- Lyons hypothesis)

Which of the following is true about types of inherited traits? A. Autosomal recessive traits tend to show up in every generation B. X-linked recessive traits are more common in females than males C. Offspring affected by an autosomal dominant trait must have at least one parent affected D. Fathers with a Y linked trait will pass the trait on to ALL of their offspring E. Autosomal dominant traits tend to skip generations

C. Offspring affected by an autosomal dominant trait must have at least one parent affected (true; an affected parent must have passed the gene to offspring)

Which of the following is a FALSE statement? A. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes B. The Y chromosome is an acrocentric chromosome C. The X chromosome is 1/3 the size of the Y chromosome D. There are 22 autosomal chromosomes E. The X and Y chromosome contain at least 20 common genes near the ends of the chromosomes

C. The X chromosome is 1/3 the size of the Y chromosome (correct: this is a false statement as the Y is 1/3 the size of the X)

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an x-linked dominant trait? A. It does not skip generations. B. An affected individual must have an affected parent. C. The affected female (mother) passes the trait to all their daughters and none of their sons. D. If sons get the trait, it must be from their mother. E. The daughters can get the trait from either of their parents.

C. The affected female (mother) passes the trait to all their daughters and none of their sons. (Correct because this is an incorrect characteristic- the affected male (father) passes the trait to all their daughters and none of their sons.)

When looking at genetic variance types, which is typically not considered as a factor under ideal circumstances? A. VA B. VP C. VI D. VG E. All are considered no matter what.

C. VI This is the correct answer because Epistasis variance is not usually a factor unless the total within locus genetic variance fails to account for the total variation. (L22 Slide 14)

Which of the following is a true statement regarding X-inactivation? A. X-inactivation is predetermined B. X-inactivation happens later in life when the body is fully matured C. X-inactivation yields a Barr body D. The Xist gene activates the genes on the X chromosome by altering the chromatin structure E. All of the above statements are false

C. X-inactivation yields a Barr body (Correct; a Barr body is an inactivated X chromosome formed during interphase)

An__________ does not skip generations and the affected male (father) passes the trait to all of his daughters but none of his sons. A. X-linked recessive trait B. Autosomal recessive trait C. X-linked dominant trait D. Autosomal dominant trait E. A and C are correct

C. X-linked dominant trait ( Correct: Lecture 19 - Pedigree Analysis / Chapter 6)

Which of the following is false regarding the types of inherited traits? A. Autosomal recessive traits tend to skip generations B. Autosomal dominant traits appear equally in males and females C. X-linked recessive traits appear more frequently in females D. X-linked dominant traits do not skip generations E. Y-linked traits appear only in males

C. X-linked recessive traits appear more frequently in females (Correct, this statement is false. X-linked recessive traits appear more frequently in males)

Which of the following is false about types of inherited traits? A. Autosomal recessive traits tend to skip generations when expressed in a pedigree. B. People affected with an autosomal dominant trait have a 50-100% chance of transmitting the trait to their offspring depending on the genotype. C. X-linked recessive traits tend to skip a generation and are passed down from father to son. D. Fathers who are affected with X-linked dominant traits and mate with unaffected mothers can only produce unaffected sons and affected daughters. E. Y-linked traits affects only males.

C. X-linked recessive traits tend to skip a generation and are passed down from father to son. (correct answer)

What is the trait called in which only males are affected, trait is passed on from father to all sons, an affected father will produce affected sons, and there is no skipping of generations? A. Autosomal Recessive Trait B. Autosomal Dominant Trait C. Y-Linked Trait D. X-Linked Recessive Trait E. X-Linked Dominant Trait

C. Y-Linked Trait (Correct: This is the trait that's very obvious to notice. Only males are affected and traits are passed on from father to all sons.)

Which of the following is true regarding the Y chromosome? A.) The Y chromosome is metacentric B.) Absence of a Y chromosome results in Turner syndrome in males C.) 95% of the Y chromosome consists of the non-recombining region D.) Males show homogametic inheritance E.) because females have 2 X chromosomes, the chances of having a female compared to a male are much higher

C.) 95% of the Y chromosome consists of the non-recombining region (Correct: a majority of the Y chromosome is made up of the non-recombining region)

Which of the following is NOT true regarding X-Linked Recessive Traits? A) The trait is not passed from father to son. B) Appears more frequently in females than in males. C) Traits tend to skip generations. D) A heterozygous female will on average produce 1/2 affected males. E) The son inherits his father's Y chromosome.

Choice B is false. The correct statement should be "appears more frequently in males than in females". This would hold true because the Y chromosome has no allele to mask the recessive allele on the X chromosome.

Which of the following are properties of Hard-Weinberg equilibrium? A. Allele frequencies predict genotypic frequencies B. Frequency of homozygotes are greatest when allelic frequencies are equal C. At equilibrium the allele and genotypic frequencies do not change from generation to generation D. Equilibrium is reached in one generation of random mating E. All of the above

Correct Answer: A, B, D (C is not a true statement, frequency of heterozygotes are greatest when allelic frequencies are equal)

The SRY gene in the Y region of a chromosome determines the male sex. Which of the following is not true regarding the SRY gene encoding males? A. An XX embryo transformed with SRY becomes male B. An XY embryo without the SRY gene becomes female C. An XO (absence of Y chromosome) results in Barr Body D. The SRY gene encodes a protein called the testis determining factor (TDF). E. All of the above is true.

Correct Answer: C. The absence of a Y chromosome results in Turner Syndrome, not Barr Body. The rest of the answer choices are true.

Which of the following, incorrectly compares broad sense and narrow sense heritability? A. Broad sense is equal to the variance of genotype divided by the variance of phenotype while the narrow sense is equal to the additive genetic variance divided by the phenotype variance. B. Narrow sense is used more than broad sense. C. A higher percentage in broad sense means that the it is less likely due to environmental variation, while a higher percentage in narrow sense means that is less likely to have variation in the phenotype of offspring. D. When broad sense equals 0.5 this means that the 50% of the offspring's phenotypic variance is due to additive genetic variance, while when narrow sense equals 0.5 this means that 50% of the observed phenotypic variation results from differences in the genotype of the offspring. E. When both broad sense equals zero this means that there is no genetic basis, while when narrow sense is zero there is no phenotypic variation in the offspring.

Correct Answer: D

Which of the following true regarding Qualitative and Quantitative genetics: A. Qualitative refers to multiple genes and the environment. B. Quantitative refers to one or two genes. C. Quantitative is associated with discontinuous characteristics. D. Qualitative is associated with discontinuous characteristics. E. Both A and B are correct

Correct Answer: D. Lecture 22. Based off slides two and 3. Qualitative genetics refers to one or two genes, not quantitative. This is why A and B are incorrect. This is also why E would be false. Quantitative genetics is associated with continuous characteristics which is why C is incorrect. Lastly, Finally, D is correct because Qualitative genetics is associated with discontinuous characteristics (distinct phenotypes which is why D is correct.

Which of the following is a false statement? A. We need the linkage phase and recombination frequency to predict the outcomes of crosses with a focus on linked genes B. We can predict the outcomes of crosses with linked genes in two steps C. Recombination frequency allows us to determine the proportion of recombinant and non-recombinant gametes D. There are three linkage phases E. RF = number of recombinant progeny / total number of progeny x 100

Correct answer is D, because it is the false statement. All other statements are true.

Which of the following statements about Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is FALSE: A. random mating changes the allele frequency within a population B. Inbreeding increases the frequency of heterozygous genotypes by 2 C. Natural selection quickly increases the frequency of beneficial alleles D. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is rarely found in nature E. The frequency of 1 genotype can be used to calculate the allele frequency in a population

Correct answer: B, inbreeding actually decreases the frequency of heterozygous genotypes by 1/2 (Lecture 23)

Which of the following is not an assumption in the Hardy-Weinberg Law? A. Mating is random B. The population is large C. Natural selection occurs D. There are no mutations E. There is no migration

Correct answer: C.

Which of the following statements is FALSE according to Hardy-Weinberg Law? A. Allele frequencies are same as gamete frequencies B. Allele frequencies predict the genotypic frequencies C. Equilibrium is reached in one generation of random mating D. At equilibrium, allele and genotypic frequencies change from generation to generation E. We can use chi-square test to evaluate if the observed genotypic frequencies are consistently with the predicted frequencies asking HWE

D is the false statement. At equilibrium, allele and genotypic frequencies do NOT change from generation to generation)

Which of the following statements is false regarding inherited traits? A) Inbreeding increases the chance of observing autosomal recessive traits. B) Affected individuals with an autosomal dominant trait have a 50-100% chance to transit the trait to offspring. C) X-linked recessive traits tend to skip generations. D) The daughters get the X-linked dominant trait from either the mother or father, not both. E) None of the above.

D) The daughters get the X-linked dominant trait from either the mother or father, not both. (Correct. This is the false statement because daughters can get the X-linked dominant trait from the mother, father, or both of them not just only one of them.)

Which syndrome is known to show zero Barr Bodies? A) Klinefelter B) Triplo-X C) Poly-X Female D) Turner E) All of the above

D) Turner (Correct; Lecture 18, Sex Determination & Sex-linked Characteristics)

There are two alleles at a given locus, A and a. How many possible genotypes are there and what are they? A. 2, Aa and aa B. 1, Aa C. 2, AA and aa D. 3, AA Aa and aa E. 3, AA aa and AAa

D. 3, AA Aa and aa (correct: there are three genotypes for two alleles at a given locus they are AA, Aa, and aa.)

Which is a false statement regarding Y-linked traits? A. No generations are skipped B. Does not affect females C. If a father possesses a trait, all sons will have it too D. A father without the trait can be a carrier/pass it on to his offspring E. A father without the trait cannot be a carrier/pass it on to his offspring.

D. A father without the trait can be a carrier/pass it on to his offspring (false, if father does not possess the trait, his offspring can't have it because his is the only Y his children could get)

Which of the following is not a way sex is determined? A. Genetic sex determination B. Environmental sex determination C. Chromosomal sex determination D. Allelic sex determination E. None of the above

D. Allelic sex determination (Correct answer: Lecture 18: Sex Determination & Sex-linked Characteristics)

Which of the following statements are accurate? A. The Barr body is a region of activated X-chromosome areas on both of the X chromosomes. B. X-linked genes have no form of regulation, so there are twice as many X-linked genes in females. C. Males and females both have a Barr Body, but males have it in the Y chromosome. D. An XO sex chromosome with Turner syndrome would have 0 Barr bodies. E. An XXXX sex chromosomes with Poly-X female syndrome would have 8 bar bodies

D. An XO sex chromosome with Turner syndrome would have 0 Barr bodies. (Correct: Referring to the chart on slide 15, there is only one X-chromosome being expressed, so there is no need for a Barr body)

Which of the following statements are true about X-linkage? A. Males need to inherit 2 recessive alleles to express an X-linked trait B. Females need to inherit 2 recessive alleles to express an X-linked trait C. Males have a higher chance to exhibit recessive phenotypes than females D. B and C E. A and C

D. B and C (correct, Lecture 18: Sex Determination & Sex-linked Characteristics)

Which of the following statements are true about heritability? Lecture 22: Quantitative Genetics A. Heritability values are universal and can be applied to all populations. B. Heritability can be used to explain how genes contribute to trait expression. C. Heritability is a characteristic of an individual. D. Higher heritability indicates that the variation in a population arose from genetic effects. E. All of the above statements are true.

D. Higher heritability indicates that the variation in a population arose from genetic effects. (Correct; This is a true statement since heritability is used to show how phenotypic variance is due to genetic variation, so a higher heritability value would indeed show that variation is from genetic effects).

________ and __________ refer to the arrangement of alleles on a chromosome. Coupling Repulsion Independent Assortment Recombination A. I and III B. III and IV C. I and IV D. I and II E. II and III

D. I and II (Correct Answer: Lecture 20 - Two Linkage Phases)

Which of the following is NOT a constraint of studying human genetics? A. Controlled mating isn't possible B. They have a long generation time C. The family size is usually small D. It can be hard to keep records of all the data E. All of the above

D. It can be hard to keep records of all the data

Which of the following is not one of the assumptions made when utilizing the Hardy-Weinberg Law for population genetics? A. Mating must be random between individuals of the population B. There are no mutations of alleles in the population C. No migration of any individuals occur in the population D. Natural selection occurs in the population E. All of the above are assumptions that must be made when using the Hardy-Weinberg Law

D. Natural selection occurs in the population (This statement is CORRECT, as one of the correct assumptions made for Hardy-Weinberg Law is that NO natural selection can occur in the population. Natural selection means that certain genotypes have a better chance of survival, which is essentially like selective breeding in a population. This is not representative of the randomness of the Hardy-Weinberg Law, so natural selection NOT occurring is one of the assumptions that has to be made).

How many generations are required for an equilibrium between allelic and genotypic frequencies to occur with inbreeding? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. None of the above

D. None of the above (Correct answer - it would only require 1 generation for the two frequencies to end in equilibrium during random mating)

We know that colorblindness follows an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. The male child of a color blind male is also color blind. What is true of the child's mother? A. The mother must have normal vision. B. The mother must be a carrier. C. The mother must be color blind. D. The mother could either be a carrier or colorblind. E. More information is necessary to know the mother's phenotype.

D. The mother could either be a carrier or colorblind. (Correct answer: When doing the Punnet square, if the mother is a carrier of the color blind allele, there is a 50% chance the male child will be color blind. When the mother is color blind, there is a 100% chance the male offspring will be color blind. Therefore, both options are possible, it is not one or the other)

There are five types of inherited traits. Which of the following is not a type of inherited traits? A. Autosomal recessive traits B. X-linked recessive traits C. X-linked dominant trait D. Y-linked recessive traits E. All of the above are types of inherited traits

D. Y-linked recessive traits (incorrect; Lecture 19, Pedigree Analysis, there is no such of inherited trait as a Y-linked recessive trait there is only one called Y-linked trait)

Which of the following is true? A.) XXY has two Barr bodies B.) XXXXY has two Barr bodies C.) XXXY has one Barr body D.) XY has no Barr bodies E.) None of the above are true

D.) XY has no Barr bodies True; there are no Barr bodies because you only have one X chromosome to begin with -Lecture 18: Sex determination and sex-linked characteristics

Which of the following is indicated by a RF that is nearly 50%? A) The two genes are on different chromosomes B) The two genes lie far apart on the same chromosome C) It is highly possible that more than one crossover can occur between them D) Both A and B E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Which of the following are examples of Environmental Sex Determination? A) Human X and Y chromosomes B) Marine Mollusks C) Genes on undifferentiated chromosomes D) Temperature changes during embryonic development E) B and D

E) B and D (Both are Correct)

Which of the following is NOT true with regards to inheritance of sex-linked genes? A) The Y chromosome has much fewer genes than the X B) In females (XX), a gene on the X will have will have two copies C) In males (XY), a gene on the X will have one copy D) Color blindness is an example of an X-linked recessive abnormality E) Hemophilia is an example of an X-linked dominant abnormality

E) Hemophilia is an example of an X-linked dominant abnormality (this is false, it is an example of an x-linked recessive abnormality) Lecture 18, 7

Qualitative traits demonstrate a discontinuous characteristic that exhibits only a few, easily distinguishable phenotypes; whereas, quantitative traits are a continuous characteristic that exhibits a continuous range of phenotypes. Which of the following is true regarding Quantitative traits? A. Can not be separated into distinct classes of phenotypes. B. Polygenic, multiple, or complex traits are known as quantitative traits. C. Statistical methods could be used to analyze these traits D. Mean and variance are major features of distribution in the analysis process E. All of the above

E. All of the above (Correct answer; all of the statements are true)

Which of the following will be a female? (Lecture 18) A. XX embryo transformed with SRY gene B. XY embryo missing SRY gene C. XY embryo D. Embryo missing a Y chromosome (XO). E. B and D are correct.

E. B and D are correct. (This is correct because B and D display female phenotypes).

Which of the following statements about X-Linked Recessive Traits is FALSE? A. X-Linked Recessive Traits do not tend to skip generations. B. X-Linked Recessive Traits appear more frequently in males than in females. C. A Heterozygous female will produce 1/4 affected males. D. Both A and B E. Both A and C

E. Both A and C (Correct, both statements are false)

Question: All of the following statements regarding X-linked genes and traits are true EXCEPT... A. X-linked traits are not passed on from fathers to their sons. B. Hemophilia (a medical condition in which a person has reduced blood clotting ability) is caused by an X-linked recessive abnormality. C. Thomas H. Morgan was the first to discover X-linked inheritance through his work with Drosophila. D. Color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, meaning that if a color blind female and a normal vision male have a son then, the son will be colorblind. E. Both males and females need to inherit only one recessive allele to show an X-linked recessive trait.

E. CORRECT ANSWER because this statement is FALSE. Males need to inherit one recessive allele whereas females need to inherit two recessive alleles to show an X-linked recessive trait.

Which of the following statements is true about the pedigrees of the types of inherited traits? (Lecture 19: Pedigree Analysis) A. For the autosomal recessive trait inheritance pedigree, the normal family members have the genotype aa B. For the autosomal dominant trait inheritance pedigree, the abnormal family members have the genotype aa C. For the X-linked recessive trait inheritance pedigree, the normal family members may have the genotype XaXa D. For the X-linked dominant trait inheritance pedigree, the abnormal family members may have the genotype XaY E. For the Y-linked trait inheritance pedigree, the normal family members have the genotype XY+

E. For the Y-linked trait inheritance pedigree, the normal family members have the genotype XY+ - Correct; the normal genotype is XY+. The abnormal genotype is XYa.

Which of the following is an example of x-linked inheritance in humans? A. Color Blindness. B. SRY gene C. Hemophilia. D. None of the above E. More than one of these choices are correct.

E. More than one of these choices are correct. (Correct: both A and C are correct choices and are both examples of x-linked inheritance in humans)

What assumptions must be made for Hardy-Weinberg Law? A. Natural Selection, Small population, No mutations, No Migration, and Random Mating. B. Natural Selection, Small population, No mutations, Migration, and Random Mating. C.Natural Selection, Large population, No mutations, Migration, and Selective Mating. D. Natural Selection, Large population, Mutations, No Migration, and Random Mating. E. Natural Selection, Large population, No mutations, No Migration, and Random Mating.

E. Natural Selection, Large population, No mutations, No Migration, and Random Mating. (Correct because, all of the conditions of the Weinberg law are met)

What information can not be collected from knowing the recombination frequencies (RF) for each pair of gene combinations on a chromosome? A. The order of the genes' location on the chromosome B. The distance in map units (cM) between each gene on the chromosome C. Interference D. All of the above. E. None of the above.

E. None of the above. (Correct: All of the above information can be determined from knowing the RF for each pair of gene combinations on a chromosome)

Which of the following is a FALSE statement? A. Turtles in warm temperatures are more likely to be female B. Alligators in cold temperatures are more likely to be females C. Alligators in warm temperatures are less likely to be females D. Turtles in cold temperatures are more likely to be male E. Temperature has nothing to do with the determination of sex of either of these animals

E. Temperature has nothing to do with the determination of sex of either of these animals (this is false because temperature does have to do with determining sex; Lecture 18: Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics)

Which of the following is/are NOT a part of Morgan's Explanations? A. The gene that controls eye color is located on the X chromosome. B. The gene that controls eye color is located on the Y chromosome. C. The Y chromosome does not carry any alleles associated with the eye color gene. D. Males inherited the eye color allele from their fathers along with the only X chromosome. E. both B and D

E. both B and D (correct answer: Lecture 18/Ch 4, Topic: Sex Determination & Sex-linked Characteristics)

Which of the following statements is false regarding the mechanism of X-Inactivation involving human genes? A. Xist gene produces an RNA molecule that coats the X chromosome and inactivates it B. On the active X chromosome, the Xist gene is activated C. About 75% of X-linked human genes are inactivated D. X inactivation yielding a Barr body is termed lyonization E. Xist gene inactivates the genes on the X chromosome by altering the chromatin structure.

Explanation: Answer choice B is incorrect. On an active X chromosome, the Xist gene is repressed.

Which of the following statement/s are correct? A. Linkage phase affect RF and the progeny number of each phenotype B. Coupling can happen when recessive alleles of both genes are on one chromosome and the dominant alleles are on the other homologous chromosome C. Repulsion can happen when a dominant allele of a gene and a dominant allele of another gene are on one chromosome and the homologous chromosome has a dominant and recessive allele D. Both A and B E. All of the above are true

Explanation: B is the only true statements and can be found on slide 13. However, answer choice C is not true because repulsion happens when a recessive allele of a gene and a dominant allele of another gene are on one chromosome and the corresponding dominant and recessive alleles are on the other homologous chromosome. Answer choice A is incorrect because linkage phase doesn't affect RF.

Which inheritance pattern best fits the pedigree characteristics described below? -Affected fathers will pass the trait onto all their daughters -Affected mothers will pass the trait onto half of their sons and half of their daughters -Both sexes are usually affected, but more females than males are affected -Does not skip generations A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. X-linked recessive D. X-linked dominant E. Y-linked

Explanation: D is the correct answer because all the characteristics described X-linked dominance, the biggest giveaway being that the trait is transmitted from father to daughter. B is not the right answer since it does not skip generations. E is not the right answer because affected mothers are able to pass it to their daughters. A is not right either because autosomal dominant traits are not transmitted from father to daughter often. C is not correct because, for X-linked recessive traits, more males are affected than females. Therefore, D X-linked dominant is the answer.

Which of the following is true of broad sense heritability? A. It is calculated as a value between 0 to 1 B. It tells the ratio of the total phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation in a population C. It requires VI in its calculation D. It is a comparison of the traits between parents and their offspring E. It is presented as a regression coefficient, b

It tells the ratio of the total phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation in a population (true)

Which of the following statements below is TRUE? A. Y chromosome is 1/3rd the size of X and contains 10% as many genes B. The pseudoautosomal region of the chromosomes does not allow for pairing and recombination between X and Y chromosomes C. 95% of Y chromosome is the non-recombining region D. A and C are true E. All are true

Justification: A is a true statement as the Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome but it is not the only true statement. B is a false statement as the pseudoautosomal region is the region that allows for pairing and recombination. C is also a true statement which makes the correct answer D as both A and C are true statements

Which of the following statements about gene mapping is FALSE? A. The genetic map shows the linear order and relative distance of genes or markers along a chromosome B. The genetic map reflects the linear structure of DNA C. Genes with a low RF are farther than genes with a higher RF D. A map unit is the distance between two genes that results in 1% recombination frequency (RF) E. Genetic map distance is a relative distance, not the actual physical distance (in bp) between loci

Justification: C is the false statement because genes with a higher RF are farther and genes with a low RF are closer. The example in lecture showed that genes A, B with a RF of 43.7% is farther away than the genes B, C with an RF of 20.5%. The recombination frequencies help determine the gene order. All of the other statements (A,B,D,E) are correct regarding gene mapping.

In a given pedigree, all male offspring of an affected male are affected. The trait is only observed in males and does not skip generations. The trait is: a. autosomal recessive b. autosomal dominant c. X-linked recessive d. X-linked dominant e. Y-linked

Justification: This trait is Y-linked because the trait is traced from father to son while no females have the trait. An autosomal recessive trait tends to skip generations since two recessive alleles are needed to reveal the phenotype. An autosomal dominant trait would be seen in equal frequency in males and females. An X-linked recessive trait usually skips generations and would result in the male offspring of carrier females to exhibit the trait, which does not occur in the mentioned pedigree. An X-linked dominant trait would result in the daughters of affected males to have the trait.

If a woman is colorblind and her husband has normal vision, what percentage of their sons will be colorblind? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100% E. Cannot determine with the information provided.

Since colorblindness is an X-linked trait, if a woman is colorblind, that means both of her X alleles are recessive for the colorblind trait. All sons receive an X allele from their mother and a Y allele from their father, and if the mother has two recessive alleles, 100% of their sons will receive the recessive allele from their mother, making them colorblind.

Orange fur in cats is more common in males. It tends to skip generations and father cannot pass the trait to the son. What type of trait is orange fur? A. Autosomal recessive B. X-linked dominant C. X-linked recessive D. Y-linked E. Not enough information provided

The correct answer is C. X-linked recessive because all of the clues fit the description X-linked recessive. A. autosomal recessive is wrong because even though it tends to skip generations, it occurs equally in males and females. B. is incorrect because X-linked dominant does not skip generations. It also could not be D. because Y-linked passes the trait from father to son. E. is incorrect because there is enough information to answer the question.

Which of the following, when portrayed on a pedigree fits the description? This trait tends to skip generations, is controlled by the X chromosome, and may be passed to females and males but more frequently in males. A. X-linked Dominant B. Y-linked C. Autosomal recessive D. X-linked Recessive E. Autosomal dominant

The correct answer is D. All the criteria fit an X-linked recessive trait. Not C or E because autosomal traits don't appear on the sex chromosomes. It is not Y-linked (B) because the criteria said it occurs on the X chromosome. Lastly, not A, X-linked Dominant, because those traits tend to appear in every generation, thus not skipping generations.

Which of the following shows a Repulsion (trans) linkage phase? A) AB/ab B) Ab/aB C) aB/Ab D) A and B E) B and C

The correct answer is E. Both B and C show a Repulsion linkage phase since there is one dominant and one recessive allele on one of the homologous chromosomes. Answer choice A shows chromosomes in a Coupling linkage phase since both dominant alleles are on one of the homologous chromosomes and both recessive alleles are on the other.

You are working in a genetics lab. Your lab supervisor wants you to find phenotypic variance as well as narrow-sense heritability. She states that coordinates (6,5) and (4,4) represent plots of parental and offspring phenotypes and that VA=5. A. VP = 10, h2 = 0.5 B. VP =5252, h2 = 0.5 C. Vp = 5252, h2 = 2 D. Vp = 0.5, h2 = 10 E. Vp = 2, h2 = 52

This question relies on understanding the relationship between VA and VP. From lecture 22 we know that h2=𝑉𝐴𝑉𝑃VAVP. Using that knowledge all we have to do is find h2. We also learned that narrow-sense heritability is the slope of the relationship between parental and offspring phenotypes. After taking the slope of the line made by the coordinates we get 0.5. After plugging 0.5 (our narrow-sense heritability) for h2, we can solve for phenotypic variance. Therefore A is the answer.

Q: Which of the following is FALSE regarding X-linked recessive inherited traits? a) Traits tend to skip generations b) The trait can pass from father to son c) The trait occurs more frequently in males than in females d) A heterozygous female will not show the trait, but is a carrier e) Only one recessive allele is needed to show the trait in a male

b) The trait can pass from father to son

Which of the following is TRUE of x-linked recessive traits? a) equal frequency of traits in males and females b) traits tend to "skip" generations c) an affected individual must have an affected parent d) appears with equal frequency of a given trait in both sexes e) none of the above

b) traits tend to "skip" generations

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a pedigree containing an X-linked dominant trait? a. Does not skip generations b. Daughters can only get the trait from their mothers c. An affected individual must have an affected parent d. Sons get the trait from their mother e. All of these are characteristics of an X-linked dominant trait

b. Daughters can only get the trait from their mothers Daughters can actually get the trait from their mother, father, or both (since both contribute an X chromosome to female offspring).

Which of the following complements of sex chromosomes shows Poly-X female syndrome with the number of Barr bodies being equal to 3? a. XXX b. XXXX c. XXXXX d. XXXXY e. XXXY

b. XXXX (correct, this shows Poly-X female syndrome with 3 Barr bodies)

Which of the following describe characteristics of X-Linked Dominant Traits? a) It tends to skip generations b) An affected daughter could only get this trait from their father c) An affected father will pass on the trait only to their daughters d) B & C are correct e) None of the above

c) An affected father will pass on the trait only to their daughters (Correct: Affected fathers will pass the trait onto their daughters but none of their sons.)

There is a population of 300 individuals. There are 140 individuals with AA genotypes, 95 with Aa, and 65 with aa genotypes. With this given information was is the allelic frequency of a? a. 0.3167 b. 0.4667 c. 0.375 d. 0.0625 e. 0.2167

c. 0.375 (Correct: q = (2*65 + 95)/(2*300)=0.375; or use f(aa) + 1/2(Aa) -> 0.2167+0.3167/2=0.375)

Which of the following statements about heritability is/are true? (Lecture 22) a. Heritability is a characteristic of an individual. A population does not have heritability. b. Heritability reflects which genes play a role in gene expression c. Environmental factors can influence a character, even when its heritability is very high d. Heritability can provide information about the cause of the population differences in certain traits e. Choices C and D

c. Environmental factors can influence a character, even when its heritability is very high (Correct: this is a true statement)

In a testcross between (Aa Bb x aa bb), what percentage of progeny would aa bb have in a linkage with some crossing over (genes in coupling)? a. 25% b. 50% c. more than 50% d. less than 50% e. Cannot be determined from the information provided

c. more than 50% ( this is correct because it would be non recombinant and over 50% progeny)

What types of Inherited Trait correspond to a pedigree that skip generation, trait does not pass from father to son, and unaffected mother lead to unaffected son? a.) Autosomal dominant traits b.) Autosomal recessive traits c.) X- Linked recessive traits d.) None of the above e.) both b and c

c.) X- Linked recessive traits (correct: because the pedigree describes the pedigree pattern of X-linked recessive traits)

Which of the following is not an assumption in Hardy-Weinberg Law? a. mating is random b. the population is large c. there is no migration into the population d. natural selection occurs e. all of the above are assumptions

d is the correct answer as a through c were all specifically stated as being assumption in Hardy-Weinberg Law. D is incorrect as no natural selection occurring is an assumption in Hardy-Weinberg law

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding dosage compensation? a. It involves the inactivation of the Y chromosome b. Males are mostly affected by dosage compensation c. The activated X chromosome is called the Barr body d. The Calico cat with its patchy colored fur is an application of dosage compensation e. On the inactivated X chromosome, the Xist gene is repressed

d. The Calico cat with its patchy colored fur is an application of dosage compensation (correct: these patches of color are found in females and it proves how females are mosaics for heterozygous X-linked alleles)

Which of the following are components of genetic variance? a. additive genetic variance b. dominant genetic variance c. epistasis d. all of the above e. a & c

d. all of the above (correct answer, genetic variance can be divided into these three components)

Which of the following is NOT a term used to describe a map showing the linear order and relative distance of genes or markers along a chromosome? A. linkage map B. genetic map c. chromosome map d. distance map e. gene map

d. distance map (correct - this is not one of the names for a genetic map)

Q: Which of the following is/are true regarding linkage phases? a) There are 2 types of linkage phases: coupling (cis) and repulsion (trans). b) Using one line or a slash both indicate that alleles on the same side are on the same chromosome. c) The type of linkage phase affects the recombination factor. d) All of the above are correct e) a and b are correct

e) a and b are correct

Which of the following are properties of Hardy-Weinberg Law? a. Genotypic frequencies predict allele frequencies. b. At equilibrium, allele and genotypic frequencies do not change from generation to generation. c. Equilibrium is reached in one generation of random mating. d. All of the above are properties of Hardy-Weinberg Law. e. B and C are properties of Hardy-Weinberg Law.

e. B and C are properties of Hardy-Weinberg Law. (This is because allele frequencies predict genotypic frequencies as per lecture slide 9)