BRAIN ANATOMY
what does extraaxial mean?
Extra-axial is a descriptive term to denote lesions that are external to the brain parenchyma, in contrast to intra-axial which describes lesions within the brain substance.
Operculum?
Operculum: Operculum (Latin, meaning "little lid") is the part of the cerebral cortex that covers the insula. Neuroscience divides the operculum into frontal, parietal and temporal regions, after the lobes of which they form a part. The part of the operculum on the precentral and postcentral gyri, on either side of the central sulcus (or "Rolandic fissure"), is known as the Rolandic operculum.[1]
basal ganglia?
Pallidus, Pallidum, Caudate nucleus plus other smaller ones. Or, more formally : the basal ganglia is THE STRIATE BODY + ASSOCIATED CELL GROUPS A. STRIATE BODY = CAUDATE NUCLEUS + LENTIFORM NUCLEUS B. STRIATUM = CAUDATE NUCLEUS + PUTAMEN 3. LENTIFORM NUCLEUS = GLOBUS PALLIDUS + PUTAMEN A. LENTIFORM NUCLEUS AKA LENTICULAR NUCLEUS B. ASSOCIATED CELL GROUPS = subthalamic nucleus (STN) , substantia nigra (SN), nucleus accumbens C. GLOBUS PALLIDUS AKA PALLIDUM
Another corona radiata pic for you
Radiopedia: The corona radiata refer to a pair of white matter tracts seen at the level of the lateral ventricles. Superiorly they are continuous with the centrum semiovale. Inferiorly these tracts converge as the internal capsule
What is the Fornix? Describe its origin and trajectory
The fornix (Latin: arch) is a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus. The fornix is part of the limbic system. While its exact function and importance in the physiology of the brain is still not entirely clear, it has been demonstrated in humans that surgical transection - the cutting of the fornix along its body - can cause memory loss. There is some debate over what type of memory is affected by this damage, but it has been found to most closely correlate with recall memory rather than recognition memory. This means that damage to the fornix can cause difficulty in recalling long-term information such as details of past events, but it has little effect on the ability to recognize objects or familiar situations. The fibres begin in the hippocampus on each side of the brain as fimbria; the separate left and right sides are each called the crus of the fornix (plural crura). The bundles of fibres come together in the midline of the brain, forming the body of the fornix. The lower edge of the septum pellucidum (the membrane that separates the lateral ventricles) is attached to the upper face of the fornix body . The body of the fornix travels anteriorly and divides again near the anterior commissure. The anterior fibers (precommissural fornix) end at the septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens of each half of the brain
What's difference between corpus callosum and septum pellucidum? What other midline structure is immediately adjacent?
The septum pellucidum is located in the midline of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres. It is attached superiorly to the corpus callosum, the large collection of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres. It is attached inferiorly to the anterior part of the fornix, and on either side of the septum are the two lateral ventricles. Fornix is midline structure, along inferior aspect of septum pellucidum. The septum pellucidum consists of two layers or laminae of both white and gray matter.[1]
Corona radiata
the corona radiata is a white matter sheet that continues ventrally as the internal capsule and dorsally as the semioval center Radiopedia: The corona radiata refer to a pair of white matter tracts seen at the level of the lateral ventricles. Superiorly they are continuous with the centrum semiovale. Inferiorly these tracts converge as the internal capsule