BRAVE NEW WORLD - ANALYTIC CUBISM

'Houses at L'estaque' (1908) Braque

- "Braque has just sent in a painting made of little cubes... he is reducing everything, places and a figures and houses, to geometric schemas, to cubes" - Louis Vauxcelles to Matisse - named Cubism as well? - Sent to salon but was rejected

Who was Daniel Henry Kahnweiler?

- 1884-1979 - He was the art dealer that supported the cubists - He will not deal in artists who are already supported or those that have died Picasso and Braque weren't supported

'Still with Banderillas' (1911), Braque

- Banderliisa = weapon used in bull fighting - Angular shapes could be the weapon - Suggestion of newspapers - letters - Table is suggested with leg sticking out - Bare canvas to show its still a painting Analytical representation of a still life

'Standing female nude' (1910) Picasso

- Body reduced to linear forms - Difficult in ANALYTIC cubism to identify the subject matter - "Picasso, who received traditional art training early in life (his father was a professor of fine arts), piques the viewers desire to fill in, or "complete", the figure according to academic standards of finish Everything starts with an idea - Picasso

'The Viaduct at L'Estaque' (1908)

- Braque goes to the l'Estaque bring them back and shows them to Picasso - Picasso sees these which pushes himself forward - Braque is the innovator - Sky seems to push forward - Whole canvas seems to crest towards us - Feels as though there is so middle ground - reduction to geometric shapes - Eliding of forms - Black outlining - The arbitrary creates a two dimensional sruface Structural but still bare canvas

What happened in Summer 1908?

- Braque travelled to the south of France - He stared to paint similar landscapes to Cezanne - This was his move from fauvism to cubism

'Female Nude' (1910) Picasso

- Commissioned by Hamilton Easter field - Intended for library in Brooklyn Picasso only completed 6 of them and there were intended to be 11 of the original commission

'Still life with glass and lemon' (1910) Picasso

- Cross and intersecting shapes Numerous perspectives but also looking to Cezanne

'Still life with a bottle of rum' (1911) Picasso

- Different perspectives of the bottle - Decorative table with cloth - Letters suggest a bottle as they could be the bottles label - Dissected and fragmented

'Bread and fruit dish on a table' (1909) Picasso and 'Still life with apples and oranges' (1895) Cezanne

- Different view point and distorted

What is analytic cubism?

- Distortion - Fragmentation - Dull/ dark earthy colour palette so viewer was not distracted from the form and the density of the image at the centre - faceted aesthetic - 1908-12 - structured direction of the subject, viewpoint - Lettering/ numbers

What was the cubist style?

- Dull colour palette - Traditional subject matter - Fragmentation/faceted form - They developed collage - Based in Paris Main art dealer is Kahn Weiler - Vollard didn't like this

What was Picassos African period?

- During the early 1900s, the aesthetics of traditional African sculpture became a powerful influence for Picasso in the development of modern art - He blended the highly stylized treatment of the human figure in African sculptures with painting styles derived from the post-Impressionist works of Edouard Manet, Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin - The resulting pictorial flatness, vivid color palette, and fragmented Cubist shapes helped to define early modernism

'The viaduct at L'estaque' (1907-08) Braque

- Fauve subject matter - Non naturalistic colours - Still fauvist to an extent - But not fauvist because limited colours (more controlled in its use of colour) Very directional brushstrokes

'Harbour in Normandy' (1909) Braque

- First publicly exhibited cubist painting - Boats are colliding - diagonals create a sense of danger - Reflective of what cubism becomes Colour suggests storm is present

'La Mandora' (1910) Braque

- Guitar - Dissected guitar - Sound hole from different angles - it seems to overlap and intersect Don't have a vivid colour palette as it draws attention away from the form

How did Kahnweiler influence cubism?

- He was of the first champions of Picasso and Braque in the cubist movement -among the first people to recognise the importance and beauty of Picasso's Les Demoiselles D'Avignon -Picasso wrote of Kahnweiler, "What would have become of us if Kahnweiler hadn't had a business sense?"

'The Viaduct at L'Estaque' (1908) Braque ??

- Intersecting colours - stops the sense of depth and makes it seem flatter - Intersecting shapes and lines - Dull colours Textured brushstrokes - integrity of the picture surface

What were the important factors in the development of early cubism known as analytic cubism?

- Kahweiler - Cezanne as he influenced them - L'Estaque where they painted - Picasso's African period (colours) - Apollionare - "What Cezanne did with reality was much more progressive than the steam engine!" - Picasso - "Cubism is the culmination of simplification, which was begun by Cezanne INSERT

'Ma Jolie' (1911-1912) Picasso

- Marcelle Humbert is the subject matter - Suggestion of her body shape but not recognisable - Text - jolie - saying my pretty - alluding to a very popular song (treble clef - symbolism)

'The Portuguese' (1911) Braque ?

- Person playing a guitar - Very difficult to read - Text included - this perhaps suggests bottles - labels and posters - Linking symbolism with lettering "In the Portuguese, the artist carried his analysis so far that the viewer must work dilligently to discover clues"

'Factory ...?

- Reduced colour palette Browns

'Gardanne' (1885-6) Cezanne and 'Rio-Tinto Factories at L'estaque' (1910) Braque

- Reducing the forms of geometric shapes Distorted - difficult to recognise

'The Reservoir, Horta de Ebro' (1909) Picasso

- Rejecting one point perspective Hide the fact you are using paint

'Woman with pears' (1909) Picasso

- Simplified different planes on her face into flat shapes - Similar to Boccioni

What did Cubist artists do?

- They thought that art should not copy nature - They wanted to show multiple viewpoints - They used an analytical system in which three dimensional subjects were fragmented, redefined from several viewpoints simultaneously and then arranged into a two dimensional composition - They rejected traditional techniques of perspective, modelling, and, foreshortening Emphasis the two dimensionality of canvas surface

'Girl with Madolin' (1910) Picasso

- Very simplified and angular - "There is no such thing as abstract art... you must always start with something" - Picasso

'Candlestick with playing cards on table' (1910) Braque

- does not adhere to one point perspective

'Head of woman' (1909) Picasso

- girlfriend - his frist cubist sculpture - the shape of her sculpted head is faceted into smaller units. Intended to be seen in the round, the composition changes form when viewed from different angles

How did Cezanne influence them?

- lines and colours 'Mont Saint Victorie' - Cubists saw in Cézanne a tendency to represent nature with geometric shapes - perspective -Cézanne, it looks as if each object has its own independent space with its own point of view, which goes against the traditional single-point-of-view linear perspective - Cubists followed Cézanne in breaking the traditional rules of perspective, and then went further by introducing multiple views of the same subject from different perspectives at the same time

Who were the members?

1. George Braque 2. Pablo Picasso 3. Juan Gris

What was cubism?

Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around 1907-08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted

'Landscape in L'Estaque' (1907), Braque

· Fauve painting · Non descriptive colours · Simplification of form Separation of colour

What was 'The bather' (1885) Cezanne's influence on Braque?

• Similar motion • Texture of the paint is the main focus in the background • Solid body figure • Distorted - suggestion of more than one perspective (seen in bather) • Earthy colour palette influenced by Picasso in his African period • "The monster of his easel" - Gelett Burgess (writer) "Cries of horror could be heard before his figures of women"

'Big Nude' (1908) Braque

• Texture - showing us what the painting is made of "It was as if we were married" - Picasso talking about his artistic relationship with Braque