BSC 1010C Ch17 Dynamic Study
What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic gene? 1. translation 2. RNA processing 3. transcription 4. modification of protein 2, 3, 4, 1 3, 2, 1, 4 4, 2, 3, 1 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 4, 3
3, 2, 1, 4
How many nucleotides are needed to code for a protein with 450 amino acids? At least 150 At least 1,350 At least 900 At least 300 At least 450
At least 1,350
Who formulated the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis? Beadle and Tatum Hershey and Chase None of the listed responses is correct. Franklin Watson and Crick
Beadle and Tatum
Which of the following is a post-translational modification of a polypeptide? Cleavage of a polypeptide into two or more chains The growing polypeptide signals the ribosome to attach to the ER Formation of a polysome that allows simultaneous formation of many polypeptides from one mRNA transcript Complementary base pairing of mRNA and tRNA in the ribosome Removal of introns and splicing of exons
Cleavage of a polypeptide into two or more chains
What is a key difference in gene expression between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? RNA polymerases are involved only in initiation in eukaryotes. In eukaryotic cells, transcribed RNA sequences function as termination signals. In prokaryotes, proteins are assembled directly from DNA. In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing. Prokaryotes do not contain ribosomes.
In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing.
Genetic information of eukaryotic cells is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the form of __________. carbohydrates lipids proteins RNA
RNA
Which of the following catalyzes the linkage between ribonucleotides to form RNA during gene expression? A ribozyme tRNA Reverse transcriptase RNA polymerase RNA ligase
RNA polymerase
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of genetic information in a DNA molecule? A gene is composed of overlapping, three-nucleotide words on a template strand of DNA. By analyzing the linear order of amino acids in a polypeptide, the exact order of the three-nucleotide words of a gene arranged on the template strand of DNA can be determined. The three-nucleotide words of a gene are arranged in a nonoverlapping series on the DNA template strand. The three-nucleotide words of a gene are serially arranged on both strands of DNA at a specific locus. By overlapping the three-nucleotide words of a gene, the amount of information a DNA molecule can hold is maximized.
The three-nucleotide words of a gene are arranged in a nonoverlapping series on the DNA template strand.
__________ is the synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA. Translation Alternative splicing Transcription Splicing The polypeptide hypothesis
Transcription
__________ is the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA. Translation Transcription Alternative splicing Splicing The polypeptide hypothesis
Translation
When RNA is being made, the RNA base _________ always pairs with the base __________ in DNA. T; G U; T A; U T; A U; A
U; A
Because the bacterial cell's DNA is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope, __________ occur(s). segregated splicing and tailing of the message coupled transcription and translation segregated transcription and translation coupled splicing and tailing of the message alternative splicing
coupled transcription and translation
The function of tRNA during protein synthesis is to __________. guide ribosome subunits out of the nucleus through nuclear pores transcribe mRNA process mRNA deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis attach mRNA to the small subunit of the ribosome
deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis
Stop codons are unique because they __________. do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the P site of the ribosome code for a specific amino acid that binds to a releasing factor code for releasing factors do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the E site of the ribosome
do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome
The TATA box is a __________ that allows for the binding of __________ and __________. prokaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II eukaryotic promoter; translation factors; ribosome eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; ribozymes prokaryotic promoter; translation factors; ribosome
eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II
Insertions and deletions are called __________ mutations. frameshift silent nonsense nucleotide-pair substitution missense
frameshift
Polysomes may be defined as __________. groups of ribosomes microfilaments and microtubules groups of peroxisomes groups of lysosomes groups of chromosomes
groups of ribosomes
The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are __________. covalent bonds peptide linkages hydrogen bonds ionic bonds hydrophobic interactions
hydrogen bonds
The sickle-cell β-globin mutation is an example of a __________. nonsense mutation silent mutation base deletion missense mutation pointless mutation
missense mutation
The type of point mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a _________ mutation. deletion silent missense inversion nonsense
nonsense
By bombarding the fungus Neurospora crassa with X-rays, Beadle and Tatum were able to study __________ and characterize enzymes in a __________. nutritional mutants; biochemical pathway wild-type mutants; biochemical pathway nutritional mutants; glycolysis phenotypic mutants; glycolysis phenotypic mutants; biochemical pathway
nutritional mutants; biochemical pathway
The structures called snRNPs are __________. a critical component of the initiation complex All of the listed responses are correct. a type of specialized carbohydrate part of a spliceosome involved in the removal of exons from DNA
part of a spliceosome
One strand of a DNA molecule has the following sequence: 3-AGTACAAACTATCCACCGTC-5. In order for transcription to occur in that strand, there would have to be a specific recognition sequence, called a(n) __________, to the left of the DNA sequence indicated centromere AUG codon exon intron promoter
promoter
RNA molecules that function as enzymes are called __________. aminoacyl-RNA synthetases ribozymes transfer RNAs polysomes RNA polymerases
ribozymes
In eukaryotic cells, a __________ by a __________ targets a growing peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum. signal peptide; signal-recognition particle ribosome; signal-recognition particle signal peptide; polyribosome signal-recognition particle; ribosome signal-recognition particle; signal peptide
signal peptide; signal-recognition particle
An exception to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is __________. that not all amino acids code for enzymes; some amino acids code for structural proteins such as keratin None of the listed responses is correct. that all genes code for enzymes that produce structural proteins such as keratin that not all genes code for enzymes; some genes code for structural proteins such as keratin that the genetic code is for enzymes, while the structural code is for structural proteins such as keratin
that not all genes code for enzymes; some genes code for structural proteins such as keratin
Eukaryotic processing of the primary transcript includes __________. the addition of a 5ꞌ cap, a 3ꞌ poly-A tail, the splicing out of introns, and a polyadenylation signal the addition of a 5ꞌ cap, a 3ꞌ poly-A tail, and the splicing out of exons the addition of a 5ꞌ poly-A tail, a 3ꞌ cap, and the splicing out of exons the addition of a 5ꞌ cap, a 3ꞌ poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns the addition of a 5ꞌ poly-A tail, a 3ꞌ cap, and the splicing out of introns
the addition of a 5ꞌ cap, a 3ꞌ poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns
Bacteria can transcribe and translate human genes to produce functional human proteins because __________. eukaryotes do not really need a nucleus RNA has catalytic properties the genetic code is nearly universal bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases are identical bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes are identical
the genetic code is nearly universal
Gene expression is __________. the genetic makeup of an individual the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins the way that some genes express themselves at different times of the day, giving an individual a new appearance the way that an individual appears None of the listed responses is correct.
the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
The "triplet code" refers to the fact that _________. three nucleotides code for a single amino acid the three-letter code for each amino acid is a triplet three sets of nucleotides are required for each amino acid three amino acids code for a single nucleotide None of the listed responses is correct.
three nucleotides code for a single amino acid
