BSC 109 Ch 11 Homework

Which on of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?

sensory division

Transmit impulses toward the central nervous system

sensory neurons

Information coming into the central nervous system arrives via ______, while information going from the central nervous system to muscles, glands and organs travels via ______.

sensory neurons; motor neurons

Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following?

interneurons

transmit impulses within the central nervous system

interneurons

When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron,

ion channels in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron open

progressive, degenerative disorder caused by a shortage of dopamine in the brain; symptoms include muscle tremors in hands and feet and an eventual loss of mobility

Parkinson's disease

During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon pass through next?

arachnoid

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they

are a type of neuroglial cell

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ______ division of the nervous system?

autonomic

A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____

axons

A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____

dendrites

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the

dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to ______

node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier

A molecule that carries information across a synaptic cleft is a

neurotransmitter

What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron?

Schwann cells

A neuron's nucleus is located in its ____

cell body

The brain and spinal cord make up the ____

central nervous system

inflammation of the brain; symptoms include headaches, hallucinations, and disturbances to behavior; often caused by a viral infection

encephalitis

condition characterized by seizures and abdominal periods of brain electrical activity

epilepsy

inflammation of the connective tissue layers surrounding the organs of the central nervous system

meningitis

transmit impulses away from the central nervous system

motor neurons

autoimmune disorder that results in damage to the myelin sheaths of CNS neurons; transmission of impulses is subsequently disrupted

multiple sclerosis

Axons insulated by a(n) ____ are able to conduct impulses faster than those not so insulated

myelin sheath

Which of the following cell types makes up the majority of cells in the nervous system?

neuroglial cells

The small space between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron is the

synaptic cleft

What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron to an effector?

synaptic terminal

All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath except which one?

the myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission

If a signal from a sending neuron makes the receiving neuron more negative inside,

the receiving neuron is less likely to generate an action potential

When calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal

they cause vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse to the plasma membrane of the sending neuron