BSC 114 Chp 12

regulate the cell cycle through a variety of stop and go signals

Checkpoints in the cell cycle control system __________.

a.) identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome

Chromatids are __________. a.) identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome b.) found only in aberrant chromosomes c.) held together by the centrioles d.) the bacterial equivalent of eukaryotic chromosomes e.) composed of RNA

the cytoplasm

Cytokinesis refers to division of __________.

The nuclear envelope fragments in most eukaryotes but remains intact in diatoms and dinoflagellates.

How does the process of mitosis differ between most eukaryotes and other eukaryotes such as diatoms and dinoflagellates?

92

How many chromatids does a human somatic cell contain after interphase and just prior to mitosis?

Cytokinesis

In animal cell mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during which stage of the cell cycle?

interphase

In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during ____.

cytokinesis

In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by ____, when the rest of the cell divides.

-G1: no -S: no -G2: no -Beginning of M: yes -End of M:

Is the DNA condensed in all or part of this phase? (G1, S, G2, Beginning of M, and End of M)

the beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus

One event occurring during prophase is __________.

centrosomes

The ____ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

mitotic spindle

The ____ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.

chromatin

The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called __________.

c.) are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred)

The function of the mitotic cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that __________. a.) have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but not the same genetic content b.) have a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes c.) are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred) d.) have the same number of chromatids as the parent cell had chromosomes

a centromere

The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called __________.

metastasis

The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as __________.

Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize; those of malignant tumors do.

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

e.) All of the listed responses are correct.

Which event or events occur during anaphase? a.) The centromeres divide b.) The centrioles are at opposite poles c.) A spindle made of microtubules is present d.) Identical chromatids move to opposite poles e.) All of the listed responses are correct.

e.) Separation of the sister chromatids

Which of the following events does not occur during interphase of the cell cycle? a.) Duplication of the chromosomes b.) Growth of the cell c.) Production of new mitochondria d.) Protein production e.) Separation of the sister chromatids f.) Production of the endoplasmic reticulum

The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell.

Which of the following events occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

20

A cell contains 40 chromatids at the beginning of mitosis. How many chromosomes will it contain at the completion of cytokinesis?

centromere

After chromosomes condense, the ____ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.

-G1: no -S: yes -G2: yes -Beginning of M: yes -End of M: no

Are sister chromatids present in all or part of this phase? (G1, S, G2, Beginning of M, and End of M)

the S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells

DNA replication occurs in __________.

sister chromatids

DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called ____, which separate during mitosis.

the origins of replication move apart

During binary fission in a bacterium __________.

chromatin

During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called ____.

dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin

During interphase, the genetic material of a typical eukaryotic cell is __________.

kinetochores

During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the ____.

a.) The mitotic spindle breaks down.

Which of the following events does not occur during prophase of mitosis? a.) The mitotic spindle breaks down. b.) The mitotic spindle forms. c.) The chromosomes condense. d.) Nucleoli disappear. e.) The centrosomes move away from each other. f.) Each duplicated chromosome appears as two identical sister chromatids.

b.) The sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite sides of the cell.

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis? a.) The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell. b.) The sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite sides of the cell. c.) The nuclear envelope fragments. d.) Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. e.) The nuclear envelope forms again. f.) The mitotic spindle forms.

c.) The nuclear envelope fragments.

Which of the following events occurs during prometaphase of mitosis? a.) The centrosomes move away from each other. b.) The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell. c.) The nuclear envelope fragments. d.) The mitotic spindle forms. e.) The nuclear envelope forms again. f.) The sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite sides of the cell.

Two distinct daughter nuclei form in the cell.

Which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis?

Telophase

Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prometaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope?

Binary fission involves the replication and division of a single chromosome, whereas mitosis involves the division of multiple, replicated chromosomes.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference(s) between mitosis and binary fission?

a.) The cell contains more than one nucleus.

Which of the following statements describes a cell that undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis? a.) The cell contains more than one nucleus. b.) The cell has one nucleus. c.) The cell does not contain a nucleus. d.) The cell has undergone transformation and become a cancer cell. e.) The cell has not proceeded through interphase. f.) The cell dies.

e.) All of the listed responses are part of the mitotic spindle.

Which of the following structures is/are part of the mitotic spindle? a.) Kinetochore microtubules b.) Nonkinetochore microtubules c.) The aster d.) Centrosome e.) All of the listed responses are part of the mitotic spindle.

it had formed a cell plate

You would know a dividing cell was a plant cell rather than an animal cell if you saw that __________.