BSC 116 Test 3 Quizzes
In the figure, which letter points to the cervix?
C
Pepsinogen is converted to its active form in the stomach by ________.
HCl
Studies of cricket Malpighian tubules revealed that potassium ions accumulated inside the tubule, moving against the potassium concentration gradient. Based on the information, what can you infer about the mechanism of potassium transport?
Movement of potassium into the lumen of the Malpighian tubules is an energy-requiring process.
Animals cannot produce enzymes to digest cellulose, yet many termite species consume cellulose from plant material as a main part of their diet. How do termites access the nutrients contained in cellulose?
Mutualistic bacteria in the hindgut of the termite digest the cellulose into sugars.
You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem?
Platelets are not functioning properly, or there are too few to be effective.
Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine, why is the environment no longer acidic?
Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than in the lining of the uterus. Usually it implants in the oviduct. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for such a pregnancy being unsuccessful?
The lining of the oviduct is unable to support the developing fetus.
People who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) experience ongoing, debilitating fatigue. In one study, cortisol levels in the saliva during the first hour after waking were measured and compared between CFS patients and people without CFS (controls). The data is summarized in the graph. What can you infer from the data?
The normal elevation in adrenocorticotropic hormone level in waking people is reduced in CFS patients.
A patient who has a high level of mast cell activity, dilation of blood vessels, and acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from _____.
anaphylactic shock immediately following exposure to an allergen
A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with _____.
antihistamines
Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because _____.
asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations on to their offspring
The diagnosis of hypertension in adults is based on the _____.
blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or greater than 90 mm Hg diastolic
Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.
body cell becomes infected with a virus → new viral proteins appear → class I MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed on cell surface
Which of the following conditions would most likely be due to high blood pressure in a mammal?
bursting of blood vessels in capillary beds
The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone), raising plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by _____.
calcitonin
Helper T cells are part of _____.
cell-mediated immune responses Cell-mediated immunity depends on the activation of T lymphocytes.
Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is ________.
converted to bicarbonate ions
Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the _____.
development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls
Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize _____.
diffusion
Osmoregulatory adjustment via the atrial natriuretic peptide system can be triggered by ________.
drinking several glasses of water
The number of major histocompatibility (MHC) protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because ________.
each of the MHC genes has a large number of alleles, but each individual only inherits two for each gene
The amino acid tyrosine is a starting substrate for the synthesis of _____.
epinephrine
Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of _____.
filtration from the glomerular capillaries
Feelings of hunger can be stimulated by the hormone ________, but suppressed by the hormone ________.
ghrelin; PYY
Under identical atmospheric conditions, freshwater ________.
has more dissolved oxygen than seawater
Sexual reproduction includes a reproductive pattern called _____.
hermaphroditism
People experiencing chronic stress may be more likely to become sick because ________.
high circulating glucocorticoid can suppress the immune response
In excreted urine, a reliable "marker" that a pregnancy has initiated is _____.
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Use the following figure to answer the question. In which of the labeled structures does passive water reabsorption take place?
in B, C, and E
Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with _____.
increased activity of the immune system
After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of _____.
inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
In a healthy person, after a carbohydrate-rich meal, the production of ________ will increase, causing the uptake of ________ from the blood into liver cells.
insulin; glucose
A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to ________.
interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex
In a hydra, digestion is completed ________.
intracellularly
Which of the following represents the correct flow of air into the lung of a mammal?
larnyx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
For your internship at the local zoo, you have been assigned to help with the new orangutan-breeding program. Little is known about orangutan reproductive hormones, but hormone feedback cycles are often the same in closely related animals. You have been asked to use your knowledge of the interactions of human reproductive hormones to recommend injections to promote ovulation in a female orangutan when a visiting male arrives for a brief breeding visit.Which of the following hormones would you use if you want to induce ovulation in a few days?
luteinizing hormone (LH)
If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family, how might you minimize your risk of developing the disorder?
maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, and exercise
The anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary differ in that _____.
many anterior pituitary hormones regulate other endocrine glands whereas posterior pituitary hormones regulate nonendocrine tissues. Anterior pituitary hormones FSH and LH (ovaries and testes), TSH (thyroid), and ACTH (adrenal cortex) stimulate endocrine glands; posterior pituitary hormones ADH (kidney tubules) and oxytocin (mammary glands, uterine tissues, brain) regulate nonendocrine tissues.
Rapid changes to skin color in many vertebrates is under the control of ________.
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
At the time of fertilization, the maturation of the human oogonium has resulted in _____.
one secondary oocyte
Which of the following would help a virus avoid triggering an effective adaptive immune response? I) having frequent mutations in genes for surface proteins II) building the viral shell from host proteins III) producing proteins very similar to those of other viruses IV) infecting and killing helper T cells
only I, II, and IV
The steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body because ________.
only target cells contain aldosterone receptors
A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead will ________.
passively excrete excess water in order to remove the high concentration of ingested salt
Choose the correct anatomical sequence that presents the order in which food in the digestive system passes through.
pharynx → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine From the oral cavity, food moves to the pharynx, then on to the stomach via the esophagus, then the small intestine, and finally the large intestine.
Removing which of the following glands would have the most wide-reaching effect on bodily functions of an adult human?
pituitary gland
Coprophagy is important for the nutritional balance of _____.
rabbits and their relatives
Within a differentiated B cell, the rearrangement of DNA sequences between variable regions and joining regions is accomplished by a(n)_____.
recombinase
What would be a likely outcome of a person not consuming enough iodine in their diet?
reduced cellular metabolism
Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?
small intestine: polysaccharide digestion
If a person is prone to allergies, what treatment could redirect their immune response to help prevent future allergic reactions?
stimulating activated B cells to switch antibody production from class IgE to class IgM
Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is likely after _____.
sweating-induced dehydration increases plasma osmolarity
A primary response by the Leydig cells in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of _____.
testosterone
Following a stressful stimulus, the fight-or-flight response will cause ________.
the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be _____.
the insects Among the insects and among terrestrial arthropods, the Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous waste from the hemolymph and function in osmoregulation.
The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water, causing some water to evaporate. Because the water has become warmer and saltier, ________.
the oxygen content will decrease
Urea is _____.
the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans
The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another class of antibody that is responsive to the same antigen is due to _____.
the rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain C region DNA
Evidence that parthenogenic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes _____.
the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate
A primary reason that the kidneys have one of the highest metabolic rates of all body organs is that _____.
they operate an extensive set of active-transport ion pumps
In an animal that switches between sexual and asexual reproduction, when is sexual reproduction more likely to occur?
when conditions for survival are unfavorable