Building Code
T-shaped wheel chair turn
36"x 36"
250'-0
Exit access travel distance with sprinkler system A,E, F-1, M, R, S-1 (200'-0" without sprinkler)
Stair landings
Landings are to have a width lot less than the stairs Must be a min. of 44" in direction of travel, can be 36" in residential
Exit Access Corridors
-1 hr construction -Door assemblies required to have 20-min. rating
Ramps
-30" (before a landing) -Ramps with rises greater than 6" must have handrails both sides -Handrails must extend 12" beyond the top and bottom of ramp -Shall not exceed 30' without landing -Shall have landings at bottom and top (shall be at least as wide as ramp, and min. of 60" clear -If ramp has a rise greater than 6" then it should have handrails on both sides
Min. clear space for 1 wheel chair
-30"x48" -Min passage width for two wheel chairs is 60"
Handrails
-Clear space between handrail and wall 1-1/2" -Top should be 34-38"
Projecting objects into a corridor
-Doors opening into the path of egress may reduce width up to 1/2 DURING COURSE OF SWING, but when fully open the door must not project more than 7" into the required width. - Handrails, no more than 4.5 in. on each side. -Structural elements, no more than 4"
Accessory storage spaces
-Less than 100 sq ft. -accessory to another occupancy - Not more than 10% of the floor area of the story in which they are located.
Dead end
-Limited to 20 ft. -Group B, E, F,I-1, M, R-1, R-2, R-4, and U occupancies may have dead end of 50ft if fully sprinklered. -May be longer than 20 ft if length is less than 2.5 times its width at the narroest part.
Corridors must be fire resistance rated
-Must be constructed as fire partitions and extend extend from floor to the underside slab/ceiling above.
Doors
-Must be readily identifiable -Must be at least 32" -Max width of swinging egress doors 48" -Doors must swing in the direction of travel when the area served has an occupant load > 50 -Doors must not swing into the a required path of travel, eg. corridor more than 7 inches
Table 1006.21
-Required number of exits -Maximum path of travel
Fire Wall
-Used to separate a single structure into separate construction types or what amounts to separate buildings even though they are attached. -2 to 4 hour resistance ratings -Must extend from the foundation through the roof -Must be designed and constructed, that under fire conditions, the structure on one side, can collapse w/out affecting the structural stability on the other side.
A fire partition
-Wall assembly with 1-hour rating. MUST BE USED IN THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS: 1. walls separating dwelling units, apartments, dorms, 2. walls separating guest rooms in group R-1, hotels, etc. 3. Walls separating tenant spaces, eg. covered and open mall buildings 4. Corridor walls 5. Elevator lobby separation groups I-2, I-3, and high rise buildings 6. In most cases fire partitions must provide a continuous barrier, from floor to U/S ceiling 7. Openings in fire partitions must be 3/4 rating, EXCEPT for corridors, which must be protected by 20-minute fire protection assemblies.
floor transition
-less than 1/4" it may be vertical without edge treatment -If the change is is 1/4 and 1/2 it must be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 Changes greater than 1/2" must be accomplished with a ramp
Areas not required to be accessible
-raised areas used for security or safety (lifeguard towers, etc.) -temp. facilities for construction (trailers, scaffolding) -water slides -animal containment areas -raised areas for sports (boxing) -
Guards are required
-with an elevation change that is more than 30"
Other Egress Components
0.2 inch per occupant. 0.15 inch per occupant in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
The capacity, in inches (mm), of means of egress stairways
0.3 inch per occupant. -With Sprinkler the capacity, in inches (mm), of means of egress stairways shall be calculated by multiplying the occupant load served by such stairway by a means of egress capacity factor of 0.2 inch (5.1 mm) per occupant in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
Door clearance
1'-6" clear at pull side of door
Two variations on mixed occupancy
1. Accessory occupancy 2. Incidental uses
Corridors
1. a space where occupants have limited choices regarding paths of travel. 2. When two exits are required, it must be possible to travel in either direction. 3. if one path is blocked, occupants must have an alternate way out. -44" min.
Accessible route may have a slope up to?
1:20 or 5% Anything greater than that is considered a ramp
Dead End Corridor distance
20' NS 50' S
Exit access travel distance for most occupancies
200' without sprinkler 250' with sprinkler
Corridors exit width
24" - access to electrical, mech., and plumbing 36" all occupancies with load less than 50 36" within a dwelling unit 44" ? all occupancies 72" Group E serving more than 100
Top of handrail
34-38" above nosing
Wheel chair passage width
36" (32" pinch point)
Minimum width of corridor
44 inches
Doors in series
48"
min. clear width between handrails (ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS) ACCESSIBLE
48"
Maximum projection
7" into required egress width
Ceiling height exit access
7'-6" can be reduced to 80" for some projections
Req'd headroom?
80" - 6'-8"
Accessory occupancy
A space or room that is ancillary to a main occupancy, but that does not exceed 10% of the floor area.
Incidental use
An incidental use is ancillary to a main occupancy and has the same classification as the nearest main occupancy, but it poses a greater level of risk than the main occupancy. Must be separated by a fire barrier and/or equipped with a fire sprinkler.
CONVECTION
As a gas or liquid acquires heat by conduction, the fluid expands and becomes less dense. It will then rise by floating on top of denser and cooler fluid, . The resulting currents transfer heat by the mechanism called natural convection. This heat-transfer mechanism is very much dependent on gravity and, therefore, heat never convects down. Since we are surrounded by air, natural convection in air is a very important heat-transfer mechanism in our goal of being comfortable.
Btu-British thermal unit
By adding 1 Btu of heat to 1 pound of water, its temperature is raised 1°F
Openings in 1-hour corridors (DOORS)
Doors must have a fire rating of at least 20-min. with approved smoke and draft seals around it. -Door closer -Door and frame must bear the testing lab label like U/L
Exit access travel distance
Exits are protected, but exit access areas are not. Exit access travel distance is the distance that an occupant would have to travel to get from the most remote point in the occupied portion of the exit access area. (ex. 250')
Clear width of doors
IBC requires that the clear width of a door must be used, rather than the actual width of the door. Eg. a 36" door actually provides a 33" clear opening.
stairways serving an occupant load of more than 50 people
Need to be at least 44 inches wide.
Under 100 sq ft used for storage
Not required to be classified as a different occupancy.
Exit discharge
Portion of the egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way.
The exit
Portion of the egress that provides a protected path of egress between the exit access and the exit discharge -Exits are fully enclosed and protected from all other interior spaces by fire resistance rated construction
Fire barrier
Required to have a fire resistance rating greater than 1-hour. Used to: 1. Enclose vertical exit enclosures (stairways, exit passageways, horizontal exits, and incidental uses) 2. Separate different occupancy groups in a mixed occupancy situation 3. Separate single occupancies into different fire areas
Allowable area
Table 506
Width of exits
The required min. width is determined by multiplying the occupant load by a factor of 0.3 inches for stairways or 0.2 for egress components other than stairways. -Where stairways serve more than one story, only the occupant load of each story CONSIDERED INDIVIDUALLY is used to calc. required width. -If equipped fire sprinkler and voice/alarm, the factors may be reduced to 0.2 for stairs, and 0.15 for other egress components.
Smoke barrier
Vertical or horizontal membrane with a min. fire rating of 1-hour designed and constructed to restrict movement of smoke
Separation of Exits
When two are required: -Must be separated by a distance not less than one-half the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building. -Measured in a straight line between the exits or exit access doorways, from and to any point along the width of the doorways. -If the building is sprinklered, the min. separation distance is 1/3 diagonal distance -If three or more are required, two of them must comply with the one-half diagonal rule, and the third must be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will still be available.
Accessible route
a continuous, unobstructed path that connects all accessible elements and spaces in a building or facility. -Min. clear width for an accessible route is 36"
Exit access stairway
an interior stairway, for example a monumental stairs serving two floors or retail, that is not required interior exit stairway.
Area of refuge
area of refuge, where people unable to use stairways can remain temporarily while waiting for assistance. Each area of refuge must accommodate a wheel chair space of 30x48 for 200 occupants, not required if building is equipped with automatic sprinkler.
32" clear
at a passage point for wheel chairs
Accessory occupancy
does not exceed 10% of the floor area of the store in which it is located.
Interior exit stairway
exit component that meets one or more means of egress requirements -must be completely enclosed -must be 44" wide (same as corridors) or as wide as multiplying occupant load by .3 or .2 -stairways with less than 50 occupants, should have 36" stair -min. clear width is 48" between handrail -stair risers can't be less than 4" or more than 7"/tread must not be less than 11" -min. dimension of landing shall not be less than the width of the stairs, but need not be more than 48"
Incidental uses
is ancillary to a main occupancy, and has the same classification, but poses a greater risk than the occupancy. Must be separated from the main occupancy through a fire barrier, have a sprinkler system, cannot exceed 10%.
In addition to occupancy groups, construction types
limit the area and height of buildings.
Ramps
limited in height to 30" between landings 1:12 max slope width shall not be less than corridors landings at top and bottom curb must be min. 4" guards are required at drops greater than 30" greater than 6" requires a handrail on both sides handrail must extend 12" beyond the top and bottom segment
Common path of Egress Travel
measured from the most remote point to the point where the occupants have access to two or more exits or exit access doorways and can make a choice about which direction to go. (ex. 75')
stair treads
min. depth 4" max depth 7" Min. length 11"
Door thresholds
no higher than 3/4" Floor changes greater than 1/4" should be beveled with a slope not greater than 2:1
The means of egress shall have a ceiling height of
not less than 7 feet 6 inches
Federal Fair Housing Act of 1968
requires all residential complexes of four or more units, to be adaptable for use by persons with disabilities.
Parapet height
typically 30" above roof