BUS 312
In the words of J.W. Marriott, the founding philosophy of Marriott International is:
"Take care of the associates, the associates will take care of the guests, and the guests will come back again and again."
The poem _____ reminds us that leadership must come from the heart.
"Threads"
Identify the six instrumental values of caring leaders in every field and level of responsibility.
Honesty, consideration, responsibility, persistence, excellence, and commitment
Which of the following is a major issue in stage II in the life of a group?
Increased conflict from power struggles for influence
Which of the following best describes leadership?
Influencing the behaviors of others through ideas and deeds
The qualities that are associated with jobs requiring high social contact and service to others are most likely found in people high in ________.
extroversion
Research shows over 60 percent of variance on performance ratings can be traced to _____.
individual raters' biases
The quality of doing the right thing for the right reason even in the face of adversity and personal loss is called ________.
integrity
The political theorist Karl Marx observed that
the manner in which a society does its work shapes most of the other things the society believes and does.
In the context of leadership styles, the laissez-faire style pertains to a form or style of leadership _____.
that is characterized by minimum control and maximum freedom
Match the items below with their descriptions CH 7 (is it the truth? is it fair to all concerned? will it build goodwill? will it be beneficial to all concerned?):
1) is it the truth? is it fair to all concerned? will it build goodwill? will it be beneficial to all concerned? 2) honesty, respect, service, excellence, integrity 3) courage 4) a leader's actions 5) full-swing values
Match the items below with their descriptions. (strategies for dealing with burnout, such as clarifying values, making lifestyle changes, developing personal competencies)
1) long-term solutions (7) 2) emergency aid (6) 3) short-term actions (8) 4) new technology, workforce diversity, global competition, organizational restructure, changing work systems (9) 5) burnout process (10) 6) have a good reason for making a change, personalize change, implement change thoughtfully, put a respected person in charge, tell the truth, wait patiently for results, acknowledge and reward people (4) 7) workaholics, burned-out Samaritans, mismatched people, mid-career coasters (1) 8) burnout (5) 9) structure, tasks, technology, people (2) 10) exploration, responsibility, commitment (3)
Match the items below with their descriptions: (value teamwork, provide communication)
1) participatives (3) 2) talk it out; be understanding; be flexible; be tolerant (5) 3) styles of interpersonal relations (2) 4) individualists (1) 5) traditionals (4)
Match the items below with their descriptions CH. 4 (power, achievement, affiliation):
1) power, achievement, affiliation 2) strategy 3) leader-initiated, shared and supported by followers, comprehensive and detailed, uplifting and inspiring 4) vision 5) getting the facts, creating a vision, motivating people, and empowering others 6) stamina
Match the items below with their descriptions: (Einstein, Darwin, Socrates, Ford)
1) problem solving styles (3) 2) encourager, clarifier, harmonizer, idea generator, ignition key, standard setter, detail specialist (5) 3) forming, storming, norming, performing (4) 4) be yourself, hire good people, treat people fairly, focus on key objectives, listen well, call the play, cheer them on (2) 5) illusion of invulnerability, stereotypes of outgroups, self-censorship, direct pressure, illusion of unanimity (6) 6) tolerance of differences (1)
Match the items below with their descriptions CH 8 (psychological size):
1) psychological size 2) access, communication, support 3) democratic 4) listening 5) servant leadership
Match the items below with their descriptions CH 9 (gains the benefits of hard and soft sides of management):
1) quality movement 2) immediate supervisor, small group meetings, top executives, policy handbook, orientation programs, member newsletter 3) W. Edwards Deming 4) trust in people, recognize accomplishments, view work as a cooperative effort 5) caring leadership, the empowerment of people
Match the items below with their descriptions: (how to learn leadership)
1) studying masters (3) 2) personal conditions conducive to growth (2) 3) et people know what is expected of them; give them materials and equipment to do the job right; give them the chance to do what they do best; provide recognition and praise for good work; encourage their development (4) 4) play to your strength, deliver results, be considerate, have integrity, keep a positive attitude (1) 5) developing others (5)
Simone, a software engineer at CodeMe Inc., is usually suspicious of the motives of her teammates. She prefers to work independently and is highly unlikely to ask for help or delegate her task to others. On the Interpersonal Trust Scale, Simone most likely has a score of ________.
1.0-2.0
W. Edwards Deming identified _____ for a successful workplace.
14 points
Which of the following is most likely a characteristic of Pattern I organizations?
A lack of loyalty exhibited by members
An ideal example of a transformational leader is _____. Her mission was to care for, in her own words, "the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind, the lepers, all those people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared for throughout society, people who have become a burden to the society and are shunned by everyone."
Saint Teresa
In the context of the attitude curve in response to change, which of the following is a characteristic of the resistance phase?
Security and other needs are threatened, so overt defenses are employed.
Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 points for a successful workplace?
Setting numerical goals and slogans
Which of the following standards is identified by ISO 1401?
Standards for environmental performance
According to the American Society of Training and Development (ASTD), leadership development, technical procedures, and information technology are the three most cited types of training provided to employees in the United States.
TRUE
According to the visioning application principles, leaders should review the vision periodically, revising as appropriate to reflect changing conditions.
TRUE
Community in the workplace is experienced in two ways, which are as "a group of people" and as "a way of being."
TRUE
Enlightened and supportive organizations represent good investments because they attract excellent personnel, who usually outperform their demoralized counterparts in exploitive and impoverished organizations.
TRUE
Ethical problems common to the workplace are issues of quality, safety, property, and human relationships.
TRUE
For most employees, high morale is a predictor of problem solving, task persistence, co-worker support, and organizational commitment.
TRUE
In the context of filling the "need to know" gap, employees from the executive suite to the shop floor need to know what is expected of them personally.
TRUE
In the context of performance management strategies, the goal of the leader must involve reinforcing and developing the skills and attitudes of middle performers.
TRUE
In the context of the measurement of learning effectiveness, the four factors of training effectiveness are pace, relevance, value, and participation.
TRUE
Leadership studies show that, generally, a nondirective and supportive approach is best when the work to be done is clear-cut, routine, or monotonous.
TRUE
Lincoln's knowledge of the American people and his ability to use humor and wit to communicate without rancor are examples of understanding people and the art of persuasion.
TRUE
Many leaders have grown through the example, advice, and encouragement of direct reports.
TRUE
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) argued for winning and retaining power in a world containing extensive political factionalism and lust for dominion.
TRUE
People find it difficult to forgive a leader who is immoral and nonprincipled.
TRUE
People who have visual-spatial intelligence like to draw, build, design, and create things.
TRUE
Relational skills are important throughout one's career at every level of management.
TRUE
The Cianbro success story is based on a can-do attitude, a teamwork ethic, and caring leadership.
TRUE
The four key areas that impact work morale are the job itself, the work group, management practices, and economic rewards.
TRUE
The most effective leadership development efforts are: 1) sponsored by senior leaders; 2) strategically important; 3) sustained over time; 4) behavior based, emphasizing on-the-job application.
TRUE
The process of creating a vision must be tailored to each organization to be most effective.
TRUE
Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) integrated the philosophy of Aristotle with Christian theology and taught that all people are endowed with a natural desire to be good.
TRUE
Traditionals provide systems and procedures that allow a lot of people to work together in an organized way.
TRUE
In the context of the nine keys of leadership success, which of the following best describes the front door key?
The empowerment of people, including the power that comes with a leadership position, combined with a leader's practice of servant leadership
In the context of the nine keys of leadership success, which of the following refers to the importance of ethics, including the character of the leader—honor, honesty, courage, and other related qualities?
The golden key
Which of the following messages is illustrated by the story "The mask"?
The importance of self-concept
In the context of the negative flaws or behaviors of poor leaders studied by researcher Barbara Kellerman, which of the following statements best describes intemperance?
The leader lacks self-control in personal habits and conduct.
Which of the following statements is true in the context of employee morale?
The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is positive for most employees.
In the context of the nine keys of leadership success, which of the following refers to a leader's ability to achieve results, including the degree of discipline the leader has developed in followers, and the effective use of corrective action?
The score key
In the context of the nine keys of leadership success, which of the following refers to a leader's ability to understand people and to persuade them to do things, including sensitivity to their needs, skill in listening and speaking, and motivation effectiveness?
The skeleton key
According to John Holland's model of personality and occupational types, which of the following statements is most likely true of investigative people?
They are detail-oriented and prefer working alone.
Identify a true statement about traditionals.
They believe highest allegiance should go to superordinate powers.
In the context of the five types of leaders or coaches who help in developing others, which of the following statements is most likely true of missionaries?
They believe in a utopian view of the future and a program for achieving reforms.
In the context of the managerial (leadership) grid for leadership effectiveness, which of the following statements is true about country club managers?
They focus on being agreeable and keeping human relations smooth.
In the context of managing people through change, which of the following is most likely a response of frontline employees to change?
They shut down and become morale casualties.
Which of the following statements is true about the economic person?
This person wants education to be practical and regards unapplied knowledge as wasteful.
Which of the following statements is most likely true about the top-down view of leadership authority?
This view holds that leadership authority is based on position in a social hierarchy.
Which of the following is one of the best ways to make a successful vital shift?
To use the new-job tryout
Both ________ and ________ led their teams by commitment to a task and ________ for people.
Tom Landry; Chuck Noll; genuine concern
In the context of the attitude curve in response to change, which of the following is a characteristic of the denial phase?
Unpleasant thoughts are ignored or dismissed in favor of more satisfying thoughts. Correct
The meaning of "Why Can't Roger Learn?" is that
a leader/teacher's ability to teach is an important determinant of the learner's performance.
Guidelines for work ethics identified by Rotary International include all of the following questions EXCEPT
is it legal?
In the context of the styles of interpersonal relations, meeting the needs of participatives most likely includes ________.
keeping human relations smooth and considering personal feelings
Successful Pattern II organizations are benevolent autocracies in which _____.
leaders have genuine concern for the welfare of members
The Jack Welch Management Institute reports that
more than one-half of working adults have suffered under a bad boss at some point in their career.
Disney's culture teaches and reinforces the values
of professionalism, teamwork, and service.
The life span of most businesses is ________. It takes successors only half a working generation to put the company out of business most likely because of lack of ________.
one and a half generations; delegation
Frustrations of leaders include both _____.
organizational politics and loneliness
The trend toward team-based projects, virtual communities, and ________ will only accelerate the move toward shared leadership and the need for leadership education.
personal responsibility
According to the philosopher Plato and his allegory of the cave, ________.
philosophers who understood the form of the good should rule as kings
Two important criteria for benchmarking are ________ and ________.
product quality; service quality
Depression and loss of sharpness in thinking and feeling are symptoms of _______ fatigue.
psychological
The Green Apron Book, a pocket-size job-aid that describes partner (employee) "ways of being" in order to be successful includes all of the following EXCEPT to be ________.
punctual
Two ways of exerting leadership strength are ________ and ________.
pushing down through intimidation; pulling up through delegation
In the context of the 360-degree feedback for improving performance, research shows that improvement is most likely to occur when
recipients believe change is possible.
The first step to developing and maintaining high job performance is to
resist complacency and have the desire to perform at your best.
Employees who have good work performance and good work attitude should be
rewarded.
Participatives
should be included in the decision-making process.
People with well-developed visual-spatial abilities are most likely found in professions such as ________.
surgery
Performance improvement is likely to occur when four conditions are true that include all of the following EXCEPT
the recipient being young.
Satisfaction with ________ is the single strongest driver of overall job satisfaction.
the work itself
Early studies of leadership were based on two main theories, which were _____ theories.
trait and behavior
Unlike organizational structures that are flat, tall organizational structures tend to _____.
undermine employee satisfaction and organizational commitment
In the context of basic beliefs about people, when we view people as means to an end, we
use them as instruments.
Effective group rules or norms of behavior include all of the following EXCEPT
voting early, voting often.
All of the following are important situational factors that influence the leadership process in an organization EXCEPT the ________.
wages of the employees
A leader as team builder does all of the following EXCEPT
taking credit for work done by others.
To avoid groupthink, when charging a group with a task, the leader should adopt a partial stance and state personal opinions and preferences.
FALSE
Organizational citizenship involves cooperation and helpfulness.
TRUE
Satisfactions of leaders include _____.
a chance to help others
Which of the following is NOT a positive role someone would play in building a community?
Above-it-all person
Identify a proven principle for assigning work effectively.
All of these
Which of the following ideas gave Henry Ford's vision life?
All of these
Which of the following is an important dimension of a supportive organizational climate?
All of these
Which of the following is required for organizational success?
All of these
According to Collins and his research team, which of the following is most likely true of stage 3 of the five-stage process followed by leaders of failing organizations?
As danger signs develop, leaders place blame for poor results on external factors rather than their own poor decisions and counterproductive behavior.
Which of the following is most likely a characteristic of power-oriented leaders?
Assertiveness
In the context of conducting performance reviews, which of the following should employees most likely do during a performance review?
Present ideas to improve future performance
Which of the following is defined as a corrective action that is taken to support core values, such as truth, trust, and respect, while simultaneously preserving human dignity?
Caring confrontation
________ is a special personal quality that generates others' interest and causes them to follow.
Charisma
Consultant Ivy Lee taught ________ the importance of ________ for business success.
Charles Schwab; prioritization
In the context of Taoism, which of the following best describes yin and yang?
Complementary forces, which are the source of the endless changes that the world endures
According to John Holland's model of personality and occupational types, who among the following prefers highly ordered activities that characterize detail work and have little interest in artistic or physical skills?
Conventional people
According to W. Edwards Deming, which of the following points is essential for a successful workplace and is most likely applied in both private and public organizations?
Creating consistency and continuity of purpose
In the context of the five phases in the life of an organization, which of the following occurs in phase 3?
Crisis of control
According to the steps for effective delegation, identify the immediate next step after selecting a suitable person for the required task.
Defining the task
Robert Cole identifies five principles of leadership that empower people. Which of the following is NOT included in these principles?
Demand loyalty
In the context of dealing with burnout, which of the following is most likely an example of a long-term solution?
Developing personal competencies
According to Rushworth Kidder, which of the following best describes ends-based thinking?
Doing what is best for the greatest number of people
Which of the following is most likely the meaning of the statement: "Who would pick someone who smells like fish and mud? Who would pick an unpopular tax collector? Who would pick leaders from filthy wharves and toil-filled fields? But He did, and together they changed the world"?
Effective leadership involves seeing qualities in others unknown to themselves and treating others in a way that brings out their best.
Which of the following leaders desired to have influence?
Elizabeth I
________ writes, "The narcissistic person has built an invisible wall around himself. He is everything, the world is nothing. Or rather: He is the world."
Erich Fromm
According to Rushworth Kidder, care-based thinking is best described as doing what is best for the greatest number of people.
FALSE
According to Theory X, the average person is by nature industrious—working as hard as possible.
FALSE
Customer service and employee satisfaction are negatively correlated.
FALSE
Exploitive leadership shows a great deal of interest and confidence in members.
FALSE
In the context of filling the "need to know" gap, leaders must avoid communicating the grand plan—the purpose, values, and strategies for success for an organization—to employees.
FALSE
In the context of the nine keys of leadership success, Abraham Lincoln's devotion to goodness as he understood it to be, regardless of self-interest or the dictates of public opinion, is evidence of his ability to multiply effectiveness.
FALSE
Individualists are the harmonizing agents needed by every family, work group, and organization.
FALSE
James MacGregor Burns uses Gandhi as an example of a transactional leader.
FALSE
Stanley Milgram's experiments on obedience found that a society that valued independent thinking and free will showed more defiance than a conservative society.
FALSE
The aesthetic person finds highest satisfaction in spiritual peace.
FALSE
The characteristics of charismatic leaders include being experienced, having technical knowledge, and having a strong need for control.
FALSE
The servant leader is similar to the individual who is motivated by selfish goals and whose primary thoughts are for personal gain.
FALSE
Top managers typically spend a large proportion of their time coordinating, facilitating, and supporting the work of subordinates.
FALSE
Treating people as ends rather than means is an anti-humanistic view.
FALSE
In the context of the five phases in the life of an organization, which of the following occurs in phase 4?
Growth through coordination
In the context of the employer-employee relationship, which of the following is one of the "big three" qualities that an employee should have?
He or she should take initiative and be a self-starter. Correct
n 1884, Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; this story emphasized Level ________, stage ________ of moral development.
III; 6
According to Donald Kirkpatrick's The Four Levels of Approach, which of the following is measured by improvement in bottom-line results such as sales, quality, customer satisfaction, safety, employee morale, turnover, costs, and profits?
Impact
In the context of the elements of leadership performance, which of the following is defined as the generation of new and usable ideas?
Innovation
In the context of organizational justice, which aspect refers to whether people are treated with dignity and respect?
Interaction
Which of the following best describes the participative leadership process?
Involving people, which is necessary to achieve understanding, which is necessary to achieve commitment
Which of the following is most likely a characteristic of enlightened leadership?
It delegates power to the logical focus of interest and concern for a problem.
Which of the following statements is true about the trait theory of leadership?
It focuses on qualities that mark a leader, such as intelligence, integrity, and energy.
Which of the following statements is true about fluid intelligence?
It includes reasoning, creative thinking, and memory.
In the context of performance management, which of the following is most likely a characteristic of performance coaching?
It involves the development and encouragement of people.
In the context of recognizing stress across cultures, which of the following defines the Japanese term Karoshi?
It is defined as a fatal mix of apoplexy, high blood pressure, and stress.
Which of the following statements is most likely true of reward power?
It is the capacity to offer something of value as a means of influencing others.
Which of the following statements is true about ethics?
It is the study of moral judgments and right and wrong conduct.
According to Ken Blanchard and Spencer Johnson, which of the following is most likely a characteristic of one-minute praising?
It should be specific and immediate.
________ popularized open-book management in the 1980s, and ________ is a form of participative management.
Jack Stack; open-book management
Which of the following is the weakest link in business, industry, and government today?
Leadership
Which of the following theories holds that multiple leadership variables determine the probability that leadership will occur, including the qualities of a leader, the characteristics of followers, and the nature of a situation?
Leadership contingency theory
Which of the following is seen in the life and teaching of Gandhi?
Level III, stage 6 morality
Unlike today, which of the following conditions most likely had an impact on leadership in earlier times?
Mass education was unknown.
Who among the following said, "Momentum comes from having a clear vision of what the organization ought to be..."?
Max DePree
In the context of setting performance objectives, which of the following is most likely a part of the area pertaining to cost?
Methods
________ once said, "Nonviolence is the first article of my faith."
Mohandas Gandhi
Which of the following is a major issue in stage IV in the life of a group?
Monitoring and taking pride in group accomplishments
In the context of the four-step method for solving performance problems, which of the following refers to step 3?
Mutually agreeing on action to be taken to solve the problem
Sean, a sales manager at MusicForAll Inc., constantly seeks responsibility and works hard to succeed at his workplace. In the context of Edwin Ghiselli's traits for effective leadership, which of the following traits is most likely illustrated by Sean's behavior in this scenario?
Need for achievement
According to educator S.I. Hayakawa, which of the following is the primary goal of a human being?
Not self-preservation but preservation of the symbolic self
Identify the five robust dimensions or traits, each of which shows considerable stability from one situation to another and over time, as well as across cultures.
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
Management involves four functions or processes first identified by Henri Fayol in 1916. Which of the following functions is most likely associated with aligning people and resources?
Organizing
The servant leader is committed to people, and this commitment is shown through ________, ________, and ________.
access; communication; support
Behavior of members in a group in stage IV of its life is characterized by
active resolution of conflict.
In the context of stress resistance, the ability to transcend adversity and emerge stronger than before is known as
adaptive capacity.
The three basic motives underlying the desire of a person to be a leader are
affiliation, achievement, and power.
Research on best practices in coaching and mentoring shows all EXCEPT that
age and success are inversely related.
Positive group member roles include
all of these
When people come together to accomplish something, certain questions are on their minds. These include
all of these
The term "Hawthorne effect" describes ________.
an artificial change in behavior due merely to the fact that a person or group is being studied
Effective leaders of organizational change are
boundary scanners and system thinkers.
Jonathan is a highly skilled employee at AeroWorks Inc. He specializes in designing drones. Recently, his manager assigned a challenging project to him. This project requires him to use all his skill and knowledge to build a drone. In this scenario, while working on the project, Jonathan will most likely
have the experience of flow.
Unlike leadership, management _____.
denotes formal authority and accountability is delegated
Proven policies and techniques that have positive effects on employee morale include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
eliminating rewards based on job classification
Moral dilemmas often involve choosing between two "rights" or "goods." Rushworth Kidder identifies three mind-sets for addressing moral dilemmas, which are
ends-based thinking, rule-based thinking, and care-based thinking.
The five highest stress jobs in the United States for 2015 were
enlisted soldier, fire fighter, newspaper reporter, airplane pilot, and police officer.
Artifacts of an organizational village include all of the following EXCEPT _____.
external alliances
They focus on being agreeable and keeping human relations smooth.
focus on exchanges between leaders and followers
The servant leader shows commitment to his or her people through all of the following EXCEPT ________.
force
Procter & Gamble independently developed a concept of _____ in the 1940s and 1950s.
group work
Individuals who have verbal-linguistic intelligence most likely ________.
have a good memory for names and places