Bushong Worksheets 1-2 - 1-8

What was the device with which Roentgen discovered x-rays?

Crookes tube

X-rays are most like:

Gamma rays

The Bucky grid, which was introduced in 1921, does what?

Improves contrast resolution

How are x-ray tube voltages measured?

Kilovolt

What are the two simple, general types of x-ray imaging procedures?

Radiographic and fluoroscopic

The main reason for filtering the x-ray beam is to:

Reduce patient dose

In Einstein's famous E = mc2 equation, c stands for

The speed of light

During fluoroscopy, what should the radiographer always do?

Wear protective apparel

Who first applied x-ray beam collimation and filtration in medical imaging?

William Rollins

Which of the following radiation responses was not reported before 1910? a. Anemia b. Death c. Epilation d. Leukemia e. Skin erythema

a. Anemia

Which of the following regarding radiation lethality is true? a. Clarence Dally was the first American to die because of x-ray exposure. b. No medical radiation deaths have occurred. c. Radiology has always been considered a completely safe occupation. d. The first x-ray induced death did not occur until approximately 1920. e. The first x-ray induced death occurred within a year of Roentgen's discovery.

a. Clarence Dally was the first American to die because of x-ray exposure.

Which of the following is the type of x-ray tube that is used today? a. Coolidge tube b. Crookes tube c. Geissler tube d. Leonard tube e. Snook tube

a. Coolidge tube

Which of the following describes the Coolidge x-ray tube? a. It has a heated cathode. b. It has a rotating anode. c. It is not as good as the Crookes tube. d. It is not in use today. e. It was used by Roentgen when he discovered x-rays.

a. It has a heated cathode.

Which of the following is a unit of energy? a. Joule b. Kilogram c. mrad d. Pound e. Volt

a. Joule

Which of the following is an example of potential energy? a. A heated anode b. A mobile x-ray imaging system in motion c. An x-ray beam d. An x-ray imaging system e. Visible light

b. A mobile x-ray imaging system in motion

Which of the following represents implementation of a radiation protection procedure? a. Avoid repeat examination. b. Collimate to film size. c. Monitor processor performance. d. Remove filtration. e. Wear protective apparel at the control console.

b. Collimate to film size.

Which of the following results in the highest annual radiation dose? a. Cosmic rays b. Diagnostic x-rays c. Microwave radiation d. Nuclear power e. Radiation from inside the earth

b. Diagnostic x-rays

Which of the following contributes more than 1 mSv per year to each of us? a. Consumer products b. Exposure to radon c. Microwave oven radiation d. Radioactive fallout radiation e. Radioisotopes in nuclear medicine

b. Exposure to radon

Which of the following is ionizing electromagnetic radiation? a. Beta rays b. Gamma rays c. Microwaves d. Radio waves e. Ultrasound

b. Gamma rays

The milligray in air (mGya) relates to which of the following? a. A dose equivalent b. Ions produced in the air c. Isotopic emission d. Non-ionizing radiation e. Tissue-absorbed dose

b. Ions produced in the air

Which of the following is a unit of mass? a. Joule b. Kilogram c. mrad d. Pound e. Volt

b. Kilogram

Which of the following is the largest source of human exposure to man-made radiation? a. Cosmic rays b. Medical diagnostic radiation c. Nuclear power-generating stations d. Radioactive fallout e. Radioactive materials in consumer products

b. Medical diagnostic radiation

The film base for a radiograph made in 1920 would have been made of which of the following? a. Calcium tungstate b. Cellulose acetate c. Cellulose nitrate d. Glass e. Tungstate cadmium

c. Cellulose nitrate

Which of the following provides dynamic x-ray images? a. Digital radiography b. Doppler ultrasonography c. Fluoroscopy d. Mammography e. Tomography

c. Fluoroscopy

Which of the following early pioneers developed the fluoroscope? a. Alexander G. Bell b. J.J. Thomson c. Thomas Edison d. Wilhelm Roentgen e. William Crookes

c. Thomas Edison

If it is necessary to immobilize a patient during a radiographic examination, the most acceptable person to do this is a/an a. 18-year-old brother of the patient b. 20-year-old female technologist c. 40-year-old male technologist d. 50-year-old female friend of the patient e. Hospital orderly

d. 50-year-old female friend of the patient

Which of the following is an example of an X-ray beam collimator? a. Dead-man switch b. Elapsed timer c. Filter d. Positive-beam limitation e. Radiographic grid

d. Positive-beam limitation

X-ray beam collimation and filtration do which of the following? a. Compromise image quality b. Improve image resolution c. Reduce exposure time d. Reduce patient dose e. Result in patient discomfort

d. Reduce patient dose

Which of the following is *not* included in the 10 basic radiation control principles of diagnostic radiology? a. Always wear a radiation monitor while at work. b. Collimate the x-ray beam to the appropriate field size. c. Use high kVp technique. d. Use high mA technique. e. Wear protective apparel during fluoroscopy.

d. Use high mA technique.

Which of the following Imaging modalities was developed most recently? a. Computed Tomography (CT) b. Diagnostic ultrasound c. Direct digital radiography d. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) e. Multislice helical CT

e. Multislice helical CT

All except which of the following help to reduce patient dose a. Cones b. Filtration c. Gonadal shields d. Intensifying screens e. Radiographic grids

e. Radiographic grids

Which of the following is correctly stated for diagnostic radiology? a. Collimation is important only for a CXR. b. Copper is used most often as an x-ray filter. c. Gonad shields are as important for a 50-year-old woman as for a 20-year-old woman. d. The radiologic technologist may hold patients for some X-ray examinations. e. Radiographic intensifying screens reduce patient dose.

e. Radiographic intensifying screens reduce patient dose.

When ionization occurs, which of the following is true? a. The negative ion is electromagnetic radiation. b. The negative ion is the ion pair. c. The negative ion is the target atom. d. The positive ion is electromagnetic. e. The positive ion is the resulting atom.

e. The positive ion is the resulting atom.

One of the cardinal principles of radiation protection states that the radiographer should minimize which of the following? a. Distance b. kVp c. mAs d. Shielding e. Time

e. Time

Which of the following will reduce personnel exposure the most? a. Collimation of the x-ray beam b. Filtration of the x-ray beam c. Recording of fluoroscopy time d. A high kVp technique e. Use of protective barriers for radiographers

e. Use of protective barriers for radiographers

Which of the following is an example of electromagnetic radiation? a. Alpha radiation b. Beta rays c. Sound d. Ultrasound e. Visible light

e. Visible light

Roentgen originally identified x-rays as which of the following? a. Alpha rays b. Cathode rays c. Electrons d. X-heat e. X-light

e. X-light

X-ray examination of the pelvis of a woman of reproductive capacity should be limited to

the 10 day interval *after onset* of menses.

When abdominal radiography is conducted on a child

the parent should hold the child if necessary, and protective apparel should be provided.

What is the approximate annual effective dose from natural environmental radiation at sea level?

1 mSv/yr (100 mrem/yr)

The phosphor that Roentgen used in early experiments with x-rays was

Barium platinocyanide

Radiation is

Energy transferred

After the termination of an X-ray exposure:

No more X-rays are emitted