BUSI 310 Exam 4 (Chapters 10-12)

Mason, a front-line manager, confided in his peer, "The marketplace has been a disaster for the past two years. And our numbers reflect that. Employee morale is horrible, and i feel as if the company is surviving day to day. _____ is lacking, and our executive management really needs to step up and develop one"

A clear vision

In leadership, vision

Focuses on performing or surviving day by day.

____ theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end.

Goal-Setting

____ behavior includes a focus on people's feelings and comfort, appreciation of them, and stress reduction.

Group maintenance

Mike has noticed that Tonya's employee turnover rate is twice the firm's average, and he has heard several reports of poor morale in Tonya's division. As he discusses these problems with Tonya, he learns about her key employee's performance goals. He determines that these goals are a key reason for the problems. Mike advises Tonya, "Your key employees' performance goals are a 'textbook case' of extinction because they are ____ and therefore, very demotivating."

Impossible to achieve

The _____ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis

LMX (leader-member exchange) theory

_____ is the practice or removing or withholding an undesirable consequence.

Negative reinforcement

____ is a consequence a person receives for his or her performance

Outcome

Select the statement that is true according to the Maslow's need hierarchy

People are motivated to satisfy lower-level needs before higher-level needs.

According to McClelland, ____ power is used as a negative force.

Personalized

____ leadership gives purpose and meaning to organizations by anticipating and envisioning a viable future for the organization and working with others to initiate changes that create such a future.

Shared

A(n) _____ leader gets people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the larger community.

Transformational

According to McClelland, the most important need for managers are the needs for

achievement, affiliation, and power.

In the path-goal theory, ____ leadership refers to behaviors geared toward motivating people, such as setting challenging goals and rewarding good performance.

achievement-oriented

In the path-goal theory, ____ is the degree to which individuals respect, admire, and defer to power.

authoritarianism

"I'm not sure that I'm going to like our new boss," said Terry to his co-worker, Frieda. "I've noticed that when a decision needs to be made - Boom! - she makes it, announces it, and moves on without consulting any of us." Terry's new boss is using a(n) ____ leadership approach to decision making.

autocratic

In the Hackman and Oldham model, ____ is the independence and discretion in making decisions.

autonomy

On receiving feedback, one should ideally

avoid negative emotions

The _____ approach downplays personal characteristics in favor of the actual conduct that leaders exhibit.

behavioral

In the trait approach to leadership, ____ refers to a set of characteristics that reflect a high level of effort, including high need for achievement, constant striving for improvement, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative.

drive

For motivation to be high,

expectancy must be high

Henry, a manager at Roberts Corp., recently illustrated ____ by promoting two employees because their performance had greatly improved.

positive reinforcement

A leader with _____ power has personal characteristics that appeal to others

referent

Lucy, a manager at an organization, has a lot of influence over her employees. She is a popular manager. Her subordinates like working with her and want to emulate her. In this scenario, Lucy has ____ power.

referent

When positive reinforcement is employed,

same behavior is likely to be repeated.

Jonas, a marketing professional who reports to you, believes that he is capable of meeting his $1 million sales goal this year (expectancy). And he would truly value the $10,000 bonus (valence) that he might earn as a result. In the past, your company has failed to pay out promised rewards. Therefore, in accordance with the expectancy theory, he is concerned -and hence demotivated- that

the company will not follow through on its commitment to provide a bonus (instrumentality)

Stretch goals are the

the targets that are exceptionally demanding and novel.