BUSINESS ETHICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
c. the core values and culture of the organizations where they work.
Ethical issues in business typically arise because of conflicts among individuals' morals and a. values and attitudes of the society in which they live. b. values and attitudes of their parents and religion. c. the core values and culture of the organizations where they work. d. the type of organization in which they work. e. laws and regulations of the country in which they live.
What is the AACSB? a. An international organization that promotes a set of principles promoting the teaching of responsible management in business schools b. An accrediting institution for organizational ethics c. A non-political international governing body d. A group that promotes sustainability and environmental awareness e. A major international institution regulating banks around the world
a. An international organization that promotes a set of principles promoting the teaching of responsible management in business schools
This step of the RADAR model involves responding to the discovery of an ethical dilemma through communication both internally and externally. a. Answer b. Recover c. Recognize d. Detect e. Avoid
a. Answer
_____ occurs when the middle class shrinks, resulting in highly concentrated wealth amongst the rich and a large number of poor people with very few resources. a. Bimodal wealth distribution b. A two-class social structure c. Laissez-faire capitalism d. Socialism e. Communism
a. Bimodal wealth distribution
_____ tie(s) an organization's product(s) directly to a social concern through a marketing program. a. Cause-related marketing b. Strategic philanthropy c. Corporate giving d. Employee benefits e. Voluntary contributions
a. Cause-related marketing
Which two developing countries are expected to generate some of the largest increases in consumption in the future? a. China and India b. Russia and China c. China and United States d. Brazil and Russia e. The United States and Russia
a. China and India
Which of the following is the most comprehensive? a. Code of ethics b. Statement of values c. Code of values d. Code of conduct e. Statement of principles
a. Code of ethics
_____ are formal statements that describe what an organization expects of its employees in terms of ethical behavior. a. Codes of conduct b. Environmental policies c. Mission statements d. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations e. Policies on confidentiality
a. Codes of conduct
Which of the following is not a measure of ethical climate? a. Collective skill b. Collective character c. Collective judgment d. Collective moral motivation e. Collective ethical sensitivity
a. Collective skill
All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors except a. Ethical choices in organizations are most often made individually. b. Just as a family guides an individual, specific industries give behavioral cues to firms. c. Congruence in personal and organizational values is related to commitment, satisfaction, motivation, ethics, work stress, and anxiety. d. Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization. e. An alignment between a person's own values and the values of the organization help create positive organizational outcomes.
a. Ethical choices in organizations are most often made individually.
Passed by Congress in 1991, the _____ created incentives for organizations to develop and implement ethical compliance programs. a. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations b. Ethical Compliance Act c. Sarbanes-Oxley Act d. U.S. Sentencing Commission's Guidelines for Ethical Compliance e. Social Responsiveness Compliance Act
a. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations
Which of the following provide incentives for developing core practices within a firm that could help ensure ethical and legal compliance? a. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations, tSarbanes-Oxley Act, and Dodd-Frank Act b. Securities and Exchange Commission and Sarbanes-Oxley Act c. Department of Justice, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and Open Compliance Ethics Group d. Department of Justice, Dodd-Frank Act, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act e. Food and Drug Administration, Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act
a. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations, tSarbanes-Oxley Act, and Dodd-Frank Act
_____ involves transactions across national boundaries. It is a practice that brings together people who have different cultures, values, laws, and ethical standards. a. Global business b. Bimodal wealth distribution c. Country cultural values d. Social democracy e. Cultural relativism
a. Global business
Which of the following statements about group norms is false? a. Group norms never conflict with the overall organization's culture. b. Sanctions may be necessary to bring in line a group whose norms deviate sharply from the overall culture. c. Group norms define the limit on deviation from group expectations. d. Group norms have the power to force a strong degree of conformity among group members. e. Management must carefully monitor the norms of all the various groups within the organization, as well as the organization's corporate culture.
a. Group norms never conflict with the overall organization's culture.
_____ occurs when one or more group members feel pressured to conform to the group's decision even if they personally disagree. Selected Answer: a. Groupthink b. Conflict c. Normative myopia d. Leader-follower congruence e. Group polarization
a. Groupthink
_____ is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred. a. Guilt b. Cognitive dissonance c. Reward d. Punishment e. Happiness
a. Guilt
Which of the following organizations emerged from the Bretton Woods agreement of 1944, where a group of international leaders decided that the primary responsibility for the regulation of monetary relationships among national economies should rest in an extra-national body? a. International Monetary Fund b. North American Free Trade Act c. European Union d. United Nations e. World Trade Organization
a. International Monetary Fund
This occurs when leaders and followers share the same vision, ethical expectations, and objectives for the company. a. Leader-follower congruence b. Group polarization c. Ethical leadership d. Values-based culture e. Groupthink
a. Leader-follower congruence
An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of development? a. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (stage 3) b. Universal ethical principles (stage 6) c. Social system and conscience maintenance (stage 4) d. Punishment and obedience (stage 1) e. Prior rights, social contract, or utility (stage 5)
a. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (stage 3)
The _______________ focuses on reducing pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use. a. Pollution Prevention Act b. Energy Policy Act c. Oil Pollution Act d. Toxic Substances Control Act e. Clean Air Act
a. Pollution Prevention Act
Power distance dimension refers to the "power inequality" between superiors and subordinates. Which of the following countries probably ranks high on the power distance scale? a. Saudi Arabia b. Denmark c. Austria d. Sweden e. England
a. Saudi Arabia
What concept refers to economic theories advocating the creation of a society where wealth and power are distributed evenly, relative to the amount of work expended in production? a. Socialism b. Rational capitalism c. Fascism d. Capitalism e. Rational economics
a. Socialism
What is not a necessity for strong ethical leaders to make good decisions? a. The ability to coerce subordinates b. Pertinent information c. Courage d. Knowledge e. Experience making the right decisions
a. The ability to coerce subordinates
Which of the following statements about codes of conduct is false? a. They address every ethical issue that an employee may face. b. They help employees determine what behaviors are acceptable. c. They are formal statements of what an organization expects of its employees. d. They should be specific enough to be reasonably capable of preventing misconduct. e. They provide rules and guidelines for employees to follow.
a. They address every ethical issue that an employee may face.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of authentic leaders? a. They negotiate for desired levels of performance. b. They are passionate about the firm. c. They display principle-centered power. d. They align employees behind a common vision. e. They are concerned with stakeholders' interests.
a. They negotiate for desired levels of performance.
Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development? a. Universal ethical principles b. Social system and conscience maintenance c. Punishment and obedience d. Need achievement e. Individual instrumental purpose and exchange
a. Universal ethical principles
How do violations of the law usually start? a. When business people stretch the limits of ethical standards b. When the organization lacks an code of ethics c. When organizational stakeholders are not prioritized d. When business people blatantly engage in misconduct e. When organizations engage in activities that are clearly illegal
a. When business people stretch the limits of ethical standards
A strong ethics program includes all of the following elements except a. a clause promising good stock market performance. b. a written code of conduct or ethics. c. auditing, monitoring, enforcement, and revision of standards. d. high-level personnel to oversee the program. e. formal ethics training.
a. a clause promising good stock market performance.
Motivation is defined as Selected Answer: a. a force within the individual that focuses his or her behavior on achieving a goal. b. individual goals. c. personal ambition without regard to the impact on others. d. a desire to be finished with a project. e. the reason why high achieving employees strive for high job performance.
a. a force within the individual that focuses his or her behavior on achieving a goal.
Stakeholders' power over businesses stems from their a. ability to withdraw or withhold resources. b. political influence. c. media impact. d. stock ownership. e. ability to generate profits.
a. ability to withdraw or withhold resources
The term that comprises organizational principles, values, and norms that may originate from individuals, organizational statements, or from the legal system that primarily guide individual and group behavior in business is defined as a. business ethics b. values c. stakeholder orientation d. integrity management e. principles
a. business ethics
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations set the tone for organizational ethics compliance programs by a. codifying into law incentives for organizations to take action such as developing ethical compliance programs to prevent misconduct. b. providing a thorough examination of company codes of ethics to determine whether they are sufficient. c. providing detailed guidelines for how to set up organizational ethics programs to guard against unethical conduct. d. forcing all organizations to develop mandatory reporting systems and ethics programs. e. eliminating most of the federal legislation that created inefficient and time-consuming activities for businesses.
a. codifying into law incentives for organizations to take action such as developing ethical compliance programs to prevent misconduct.
A(n) _____ orientation creates order by requiring that employees identify with and commit to specific required conduct, whereas a(n) _____ orientation strives to develop shared standards. a. compliance; values b. legal; values c. values; compliance d. values; obedience e. obedience; values
a. compliance; values
In corporate governance, _____ is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions. a. control b. loyalty c. profit d. diligence e. accountability
a. control
An organization that delegates decision-making authority as far down the chain of command as possible and has relatively few formal rules is a. decentralized. b. unethical. c. centralized. d. ethical. e. tall.
a. decentralized.
A values-based ethics approach to ethical corporate cultures relies on a(n) _____ that defines the firm as well as how customers and employees should be treated a. explicit mission statement b. set of laws c. ethical audit d. strong CEO e. relaxed corporate culture
a. explicit mission statement
The normative approach ______________________. a. identifies guidelines that dictate how firms should treat stakeholders b. describes what happens if firms behave in a particular way c. describes reciprocal relationships between the firm and a host of stakeholders d. is the degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands e. focuses on the actual behavior of the firm and usually addresses how decisions and strategies are made for stakeholder relationships
a. identifies guidelines that dictate how firms should treat stakeholders
Affirmative action programs a. involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals. b. are not imposed by federal law on employers. c. only involve the training of individuals. d. involve the promotion of unqualified employees. e. are not very commonly used anymore because of reverse discrimination concerns.
a. involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals.
The _____ of an organization can influence the acceptance of and adherence to organizational norms and values. a. leadership style b. locus of control c. opportunity d. nation of origin e. production methods
a. leadership style
The Clean Water Act makes it illegal for anyone to discharge any pollutant from a point source directly into navigable waters without a ___________. a. permit b. direct order c. good reason d. limit e. inspector present
a. permit
Specific and pervasive boundaries for behavior that should not be violated are known as _____. a. principles b. philosophy c. business ethics d. morals e. values
a. principles
Corporate social responsibility is . principles, values, and norms that primarily guide individual and group behavior in the world of business. b. the institutionalization of business ethics into all levels of business decision making. c. an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholders. d. charitable contributions made by a business to enhance its reputation with stakeholders. e. a business's responsibility to manufacture products that function properly.
a. principles, values, and norms that primarily guide individual and group behavior in the world of business.
The ability to influence the behavior of others by offering them something desirable is best described as a. reward power. b. legitimate power. c. referent power. d. coercive power. e. expert power.
a. reward power.
How members of a society respond to uncertainty or ambiguity is referred to as a. uncertainty avoidance. b. rational economics c. power distance. d. collectivism. e. cultural relativism.
a. uncertainty avoidance.
Risk compartmentalization occurs when a. various profit centers within an organization become unaware of the consequences of their actions on the firm as a whole. b. ethics and compliance programs reduce the risk of misconduct. c. all profit centers within an organization become aware of the consequences of competitors' actions. d. companies place their most problematic employees into separate profit centers so that they cannot influence one another to act unethically. e. all profit centers within a corporation are aware of the code of ethics.
a. various profit centers within an organization become unaware of the consequences of their actions on the firm as a whole
Which of the following is an informal channel of communication? : a. The grapevine b. Performance evaluations c. Team communication d. Presentations e. Reports
a. The grapevine
_____ is considered the father of free market capitalism. He believed that business was and should be guided by the morals of good men. a. Aristotle b. Adam Smith c. Immanuel Kant d. Lawrence Kohlberg e. John Maynard Keynes
b. Adam Smith
The _____ was established after the latest financial crisis, in response to a situation that caused many consumers to lose their homes. a. Environmental Protection Agency b. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau c. World Trade Organization d. Sarbanes-Oxley Act e. World Bank
b. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Which of the following is not a side effect of being the victim of workplace bullying? a. Sleep disturbance b. Corporate intelligence c. Increased sick days d. Depression e. Stomach problems
b. Corporate intelligence
Many managers are reluctant to engage in this step of the RADAR model because they fear doing so will uncover questionable conduct that could put the firm in an unfavorable light. a. Avoid b. Detect c. Recognize d. Recover e. Answer
b. Detect
The _____ was called "a sweeping overhaul of the financial regulatory system...on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great Depression." a. Americans with Disabilities Act b. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act c. Equal Pay Act d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act e. Age Discrimination in Employment Act
b. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
_____ are used to obtain or retain business and are not generally considered illegal in the United States. a. Threats b. Facilitation payments c. Bribes d. Gifts e. Coercive techniques
b. Facilitation payments
What activity has become a major global business ethics issue only recently? a. Consumerism b. Hacking c. Bribery d. Antitrust activities e. Employee compensation
b. Hacking
____ serve as a central contact point where critical comments, dilemmas, and advice can be assigned to the person most appropriate for handling a specific case. a. Codes of conduct b. Hotlines c. Training programs d. Boards of directors e. Mission statements
b. Hotlines
Which of the following is true about the U.K. Bribery Act? a. It only applies to companies headquartered in the United Kingdom. b. It classifies bribes among business people to be illegal. c. It mandates that companies must have explicit knowledge of the bribe to be liable. d. It is not as stringent as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. e. It allows for small facilitation payments.
b. It classifies bribes among business people to be illegal.
______ is a certification program that recognizes sustainable building practices and strategies. a. WasteWise b. LEED c. Brundtland Report d. Cancun Package e. Kyoto Protocol
b. LEED
Shareholders provide resources to an organization that are critical to long-term success. Which of the following does the book suggest that suppliers offer? a. Revenue b. Material resources and/or intangible knowledge c. Infrastructure d. The promise of customer loyalty e. Leadership skills
b. Material resources and/or intangible knowledge
What is one of the responsibilities of an ethics officer? a. Prosecuting illegal activities b. Monitoring and auditing ethical conduct c. Conducting employee performance evaluations d. Answering the ethics hotline e. Signing off on financial documents
b. Monitoring and auditing ethical conduct
_________ include management's commitment to the ethics program and the methods or system for ethics evaluation. a. Formal controls b. Process controls c. Output controls d. Shared values e. Financial controls
b. Process controls
Which of the following is not a technique for collecting evidence during the ethics audit? a. Confirming information in the firm's accounting records b. Publishing the results of the audit c. Ratio analysis d. Examining internal and external documents e. Observing the data-collection process
b. Publishing the results of the audit
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its conformity to general moral principles based on logic and respect for individual rights? a. Act utilitarianism b. Rule deontology c. Rule utilitarianism d. Act deontology e. The relativist perspective
b. Rule deontology
The _____ was/were enacted to restore confidence in financial reporting and business ethics after the accounting scandals of the early 2000s. a. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Correctb. Sarbanes-Oxley Act c. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations d. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act e. Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct
b. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
What should be the first step in the auditing process? a. Review organizational mission, goals, values, and policies b. Secure the commitment of top executives and directors c. Collect and analyze data d. Establish a committee to oversee the audit e. Define the scope of the audit
b. Secure the commitment of top executives and directors
According to the World Trade Organization, which of the following products and services are most vulnerable to protectionism? a. Intellectual property b. Shoes, cars, and steel c. Music and dance d. Textbooks and other school supplies e. Travel agencies
b. Shoes, cars, and steel
_____ is the synergistic and mutually beneficial use of an organization's core competencies and resources to deal with key stakeholders so as to bring about organizational and societal benefits. a. Social responsibility b. Strategic philanthropy c. Cause-related marketing d. Corporate philanthropy e. Business ethics
b. Strategic philanthropy
Through time, an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives? a. Rule deontology b. The relativist perspective c. Egoism d. Deontology e. Teleology
b. The relativist perspective
Which of the following types of leaders have a strong influence on coworker support and building an ethical culture through increasing employee commitment and fostering motivation? a. Authoritative leaders ]b. Transformational leaders c. Coercive leaders d. Pacesetting leaders e. Transactional leaders
b. Transformational leaders
A cultural audit may be used to assess a. organizational structure. b. an organization's values. c. unethical employees. d. unethical organizations. e. how cultured a firm's employees are.
b. an organization's values.
A high concern for people but minimal concern for performance can best describe the _____ culture. a. shareholder b. caring c. exacting d. employee e. apathetic
b. caring
Leaders with a(n) _____ conflict management style desire to meet the needs of stakeholders and strongly adhere to organizational values and principles. a, accommodating b. collaborating c. competing d. avoiding e. compromising
b. collaborating
The first step toward understanding business ethics is to a. know your company's ethical policies. b. develop ethical issue awareness. c. know society's ethical policies. d. develop a set of decision-making rules. e. know your own morals and philosophies.
b. develop ethical issue awareness.
Associating with others who are unethical and who have the opportunity to act unethically can lead to a learning process known as a. compliance. b. differential association. c. opportunity. d. misconduct. e. differential equations.
b. differential association.
Perhaps the most controversial form of alternative energy after nuclear power is ___________. a. solar power b. ethanol c. hydropower d. wind power e. geothermal power
b. ethanol
Marcus is the best-performing development director his non-profit organization has ever had. He possesses countless tricks and tips to continue to bring in donations, positive publicity, and supporters. Marcus would likely have _____ over new development department staff. a. group power b. expert power c. referent power d. coercive power e. democratic power
b. expert power
All of these are ways of reducing pollution, except a. designing environmentally friendly buildings. b. greenwashing. c. source reduction. d. sustainable agriculture. e. recycling.
b. greenwashing.
The _____ of ethics involves embedding values, norms, and artifacts in organizations, industries, and society. a. enforcement b. institutionalization c. rationalization d. mobilization e. commercialization
b. institutionalization
War metaphors are common in business. This kind of mindset can be dangerous for business leaders because a. it leads executives to commit illegal actions. b. it may foster the idea that honesty is unnecessary in business. c. it results in organizations that are not profitable. d. business is more like a game than a war. e. it may lead executives to become violent.
b. it may foster the idea that honesty is unnecessary in business.
Sustainability is the long-term well-being of the natural environment and the mutually beneficial interactions among _____. a. customers, investors, managers, and policies b. nature, individuals, organizations, and business strategies c. investors, creditors, suppliers, and the marketing department d. managers, boards, CEOs, and stakeholder strategies e. board members, presidents, managers, and nonprofit organizations
b. nature, individuals, organizations, and business strategies
Sherry's leadership style often creates a negative working climate because of the high standards she sets. Sherry is most likely a(n) _____ leader. a. autocratic b. pacesetting c. empathetic d. coercive e. democratic
b. pacesetting
The growth of the Internet and differing security laws between countries has led to an increase in concern for the human right of a. a secure job. b. privacy. c. freedom of speech. d. health care. e. religion.
b. privacy.
An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within his or her company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n) a. egoist. b. relativist. c. teleologist. d. utilitarian. e. deontologist.
b. relativist.
Major corporate governance issues normally involve _____ decisions. (Choose the response that is most correct) a. tactical-level b. strategic-level c. divisional-level d. accounting-level e. marketing-level
b. strategic-level
Because ethics audits and social audits are _____, there are few standards that a company can apply with regard to reporting frequency, disclosure requirements, and remedial actions that it should take in response to results. a. not necessary b. voluntary c. mandatory d. expensive e. required by law
b. voluntary
The ethical decision-making process begins a. with a conflict in values. b. when stakeholders trigger ethical issue awareness and individuals openly discuss it with others. c. when an individual experiences a conflict between his or her values and those of society. d. with a conflict of interest. e. when an individual experiences a conflict between his or her values and those of his or her firm.
b. when stakeholders trigger ethical issue awareness and individuals openly discuss it with others
One of the biggest factors in land pollution is the dumping of waste into landfills. _______ consumers are by far the world's biggest wasters. a. Russian b. Canadian c. American d. Chinese e. European
c. American
_____ law defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations (including businesses). a. Competitive b. Regulatory c. Civil d. Criminal e. Administrative
c. Civil
_____ provide(s) important guidelines for employees on how to act in different situations. a. Leader-exchange theory b. Leader-follower congruence c. Codes of ethics d. Interpersonal communication e. Small group communication
c. Codes of ethics
What type of fraudulent activity involves an employee who assists a consumer in fraud? a. Whacking b. Duplicity c. Collusion d. Guile e. Defamation
c. Collusion
_____ justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship. a. Interactional b. Ethical c. Distributive d. Egotistical e. Procedural
c. Distributive
What are the four levels of social responsibility? a. Economic, long-term, ethical, and philanthropic. b. Ethical, philanthropic, selfish, and short-sighted c. Economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic d. Economic, compliance, legal, and philanthropic e. Financial, religious, ethical, and philanthropic
c. Economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic
_____ have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior. a. Strong religious beliefs b. High educational attainment levels c. Good personal values d. Charismatic leaders e. High levels of community involvement
c. Good personal values
What is the largest form of renewable energy? a. Geothermal power b. Biofuels c. Hydropower d. Nuclear power e. Solar power
c. Hydropower
Which of the following provides international guidelines for compliance management? a. Balanced Scorecard b. Triple bottom line c. ISO 19600 d. Open Compliance Ethics Group e. Global Reporting Initiative
c. ISO 19600
Which of the following is true about ethical leadership? a. It usually avoids transactional leadership. b. It is necessary for the firm to achieve profitability to satisfy shareholders. c. It is a foundational requirement for impacting the long-term valuation of the firm. d. It maintains a short-term orientation to ethical decision making. e. It requires ethical leaders to have charismatic personalities.
c. It is a foundational requirement for impacting the long-term valuation of the firm.
What is a major role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)? a. It provides mortgage loans to international home buyers. b. It is the lender of last resort for individuals who cannot secure other types of loans. c. It makes short-term loans to member countries that have deficits and provides foreign currencies for its members. d. It determines the credit ratings of countries. e. It functions as a collection agent for global banks.
c. It makes short-term loans to member countries that have deficits and provides foreign currencies for its members.
_____ are a primary influence on employee's ethical behavior because they are role models for the organizations' values. a. Coworkers b. Friends c. Leaders d. Parents e. Peers
c. Leaders
_____ products encourage consumers to return and buy more. This approach is also known as planned obsolescence. a. Collectivistic b. Laissez-faire c. Made-to-break d. Dumping e. Multinational Q
c. Made-to-break
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act created the _____ to oversee the accounting firms that audit public corporations and to establish rules and standards for auditing. a. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission b. Corporate Accounting Oversight Commission c. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board d. Occupational Health and Safety Administration e. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
c. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process? a. Applying a personal moral philosophy in order to individualize the ethical decision making process b. Soliciting the opinions of others in a work group or in the overall business in order to gain feedback c. Recognizing that an ethical issue exists d. Being socialized into the firm's corporate culture e. Enforcing the firm's ethical standards with rewards and punishment
c. Recognizing that an ethical issue exists
____ institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit. : a. Liberal b. Economic c. Social d. Conservative e. Political
c. Social
Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace? a. Coworkers b. Subordinates c. Spouses d. Peers e. Managers
c. Spouses
Which of the following laws instituted a whistle-blower bounty program in which whistle-blowers are eligible to receive 10 to 30 percent of fines if their reports result in convictions of more than $1 million in penalties? a. The Sherman Antitrust Act. b. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations. c. The Dodd-Frank Act. d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. e. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
c. The Dodd-Frank Act.
_________________ is the idea that because people live in a community, social rules should benefit the community. a. The stakeholder interaction model b. Sustainability c. The common good d. Corporate governance e. Consumer protection
c. The common good
Which of the following is one of the seven habits of strong ethical leaders? a. Good employees b. A great education c. The passion to do right d. Charisma e. Adequate compensation
c. The passion to do right
Which of the following has a significant impact on the success of an ethics program? a. Legal constraints b. The types of ethical decisions c. The quality of communication d. The size of the company e. A statement of values
c. The quality of communication
What is a major problem organizations tend to have when implementing organizational ethics program? a. The government's requirements for ethics programs are too ambiguous. b. Wall Street investors demand that companies take illegal action to increase profits. c. Top managers don't integrate codes, values, and standards into their firms' corporate cultures. d. They fail to adopt formal corporate codes of ethics. e. Financial problems make ethical conduct impossible to pursue.
c. Top managers don't integrate codes, values, and standards into their firms' corporate cultures.
_____ is an independent assessment of the quality, accuracy, and completeness of a company's social or ethics report. a. Analysis b. Auditing c. Verification d. Validation e. Publication
c. Verification
Ethical culture is defined as a. the development of rules and norms that are socially enforced. b. rules, standards, and moral principles regarding what is right or wrong in specific situations. c. acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry. d. the codification of laws to reward organizations for taking action to prevent misconduct. e. the establishment and enforcement of ethical codes throughout the organization.
c. acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry.
For an ethics and compliance program to properly function, a. the company must wait until after misconduct occurs to develop a means of preventing it. b. it is not necessary to set measurable program objectives. c. consistent enforcement and disciplinary action are essential. d. employees must be monitored using any means necessary. e. the same program should be used in all countries of operation, regardless of cultural differences.
c. consistent enforcement and disciplinary action are essential.
A coaching leader builds a positive climate by a. focusing on communication across all layers of the organization. b. inspiring employees to follow their departmental leaders without question. c. developing skills for success, delegating responsibility, and issuing challenging assignments. d. valuing people, their emotions, and their needs. e. focusing on achievement, initiative, and self-control.
c. developing skills for success, delegating responsibility, and issuing challenging assignments.
Directors share a ______, which means all their decisions should be in the best interests of the corporation and its stakeholders. a. duty to audit b. duty of cooperation c. duty of loyalty d. duty of control e. duty of oversight
c. duty of loyalty
A major purpose of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Dodd-Frank Act is to a. discourage businesses from taking risks. b. create synergy among businesses to improve the economy. c. encourage employees to report misconduct. d. guard against anti-competitive behaviors. e. mandate that companies engage in self-regulation.
c. encourage employees to report misconduct.
People who believe in _____ go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable. a. an ethical culture b. ethical decision making c. external locus of control d. internal locus of control e. significant others.
c. external locus of control
The purpose of a stakeholder orientation is to a. allow stakeholders to determine the limits of executive compensation. b. enhance the profitability of the firm. c. maximize positive outcomes that meet stakeholder needs. d. determine which stakeholders to address and which to ignore. e. emphasize shareholders and provide them with a return on their investment.
c. maximize positive outcomes that meet stakeholder needs.
According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she a. will depend more on the input of significant others in ethical decision making. b. is unlikely to change his/her values and ethical behavior. c. may change his/her cognitive moral development and behavior. d. will experience less opportunity to behave unethically. e. will likely be promoted.
c. may change his/her cognitive moral development and behavior.
The establishment of an ethics committee within an organization a. occurs when formal work groups do not work. b. is usually organized around general business topics. c. might raise ethical concerns or resolve ethical dilemmas. d. usually increases ethical tension. e. has an informal organizational structure.
c. might raise ethical concerns or resolve ethical dilemmas.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 a. prohibits pay discrimination on the basis of gender. b. penalizes the top executives in an organization for misconduct. c. prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. d. is basically the same as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. e. discourages whistle-blowers from reporting misconduct.
c. prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.
When a restaurant claims that it sells the world's best cup of coffee, it could be accused of a. concealed facts. b. false labeling. c. puffery. d. deceptive advertising. e. implied falsity.
c. puffery.
When unethical acts are discovered in a firm, in most instances a. the perpetrators are caught and prosecuted. b. the cause is due to external stakeholders. c. there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company. d. the cause is a corrupt board of directors. e. they are caused by unwilling participants.
c. there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company.
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations require federal judges to increase fines for organizations that continually a. fail to install a Federal Sentencing Guidelines program. b. implement a compliance instead of a values orientation. c. tolerate misconduct. d. hire employees later found to be unethical. e. fail to report ethics program activities.
c. tolerate misconduct.
In the long run, a(n) ______ orientation may be better for companies, perhaps because it increases employees' awareness of ethics issues at work. a. compliance b. code c. values d. individual e. obedience
c. values
The elements of _____ important to business transactions have been defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, and truthfulness. a. utilitarianism b. moral philosophy c. virtue d. egoism e. deontolog
c. virtue
What is the difference between a code of ethics and a code of conduct? a. A code of ethics tends to elicit less debate about specific actions. b. A code of ethics consists of formal statements that describe what an organization expects of its employees. c. A code of ethics is more comprehensive than a code of conduct. d. A code of conduct consists of general statements that serve as principles and as the basis for rules of conduct. e. A code of conduct serves the general public.
c. A code of ethics is more comprehensive than a code of conduct.
A(n) _______ requires an individual to choose among several actions that have negative outcomes. a. ethical issue b. privacy issue c. ethical dilemma d. unethical decision e. dual relationship
c. ethical dilemma
The originator of the idea of the invisible hand, which is a fundamental concept in free market capitalism, was a. Noel Biderman. b. Jack Ma. c. Archie Carroll. d. Adam Smith. e. Milton Friedman.
d. Adam Smith.
_____ leaders are passionate about the company, live out corporate values daily in their behavior in the workplace, and form long-term relationships with employees and other stakeholders. a. Pacesetter b. Transactional c. Transformational d. Authentic e. Coaching
d. Authentic
A management system that focuses on all the elements that contribute to organizational performance and success, including financial, customer, market, and internal processes is defined as the a. Global Reporting Initiative b. triple bottom line c. process controls d. Balanced Scorecard e. ethics scoreboard
d. Balanced Scorecard
When considering centralized and decentralized structures, which one tends to be more ethical? a. Centralized because it is easier to uproot unethical activities b. Both types of organizational structure are equally ethical c. Decentralized because of the clear rules that dictate appropriate behavior in business d. Centralized because of the strict formalization and implementation of ethics policies and procedures e. Decentralized because they give employees more decision making authority
d. Centralized because of the strict formalization and implementation of ethics policies and procedures
Public health and safety and support of local organizations are issues most relevant to which stakeholder group? a. Investors b. Employees c. Suppliers d. Community e. Customers
d. Community
What type of fraud involves intentional deception on the part of an individual or group in order to derive an unfair economic advantage over an organization? a. Accounting b. Channel c. Product Correctd. Consumer e. Conventional
d. Consumer
Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue? a. Legal system b. Workplace c. Community d. Educational attainment e. Family
d. Educational attainment
Which of the following is an advantage of a values-based ethics program over a compliance-based one? a. A values orientation uses legal terms, statutes, and contracts that teach employees the rules and penalties for noncompliance. b. Diverse employees no longer have differing values. c. It requires employees to identify with and commit to specific required conduct. d. Employees learn to make decisions based on values such as fairness, compassion, respect, and transparency. e. Unlike values-based programs, compliance-based programs cannot prevent misconduct.
d. Employees learn to make decisions based on values such as fairness, compassion, respect, and transparency.
_____ identified four cultural dimensions that can have a profound impact on the business environment: individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity. a. John Maynard Keynes b. Milton Friedman c. Abraham Maslow d. Geert Hofstede e. Adam Smith
d. Geert Hofstede
Wind power holds great promise for the United States because of the _____________, and experts believe wind energy could meet as much as 20 percent of the nation's energy needs. a. Rocky Mountains b. Everglades c. Great Lakes d. Great Plains e. Pacific Rim
d. Great Plains
The specific steps for implementing the stakeholder perspective do not include which of the following? a. Identifying stakeholder issues b. Identifying stakeholder groups c. Identifying and gaining government feedback d. Identifying and gaining stakeholder feedback e. Assessing organizational commitment to social responsibility groups
d. Identifying and gaining stakeholder feedback
What concept refers to a person's personal philosophy about what is right or wrong? a. Values b. Principles c. Philosophy d. Morals e. Integrity
d. Morals
Which one of the following is not true about feedback? a. Negative feedback is important to inform employees of weaknesses and provide constructive ways for improving them. b. Employee feedback can be generated in many different ways, including interviews, anonymous surveys, ethical audits, and websites. c. Most companies recognize the need for organizational leaders to provide feedback to employees. d. Most companies recognize the need for organizational leaders to get feedback from their employees. e. Feedback can occur through informal methods like a simple conversation or through more formal systems such as employee performance evaluations.
d. Most companies recognize the need for organizational leaders to get feedback from their employees.
When managers overlook or stifle the importance of core values in their business decisions, this is known as a. Leader-follower congruence b. Institutionalization c. Groupthink d. Normative myopia e. Group polarization
d. Normative myopia
_____ believe that no one thing is intrinsically good. a. Relativists b. Teleologists c. Deontologists d. Pluralists e. Hedonists
d. Pluralists
Which of the following acts, passed in response to public outrage over conditions described in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, was the first consumer protection legislation? a. Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act of 1974 c. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 d. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 e. Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972
d. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
From an ethical standpoint, leaders should take time during this step of the RADAR model to fix any weaknesses in the ethics program and develop improved ways of detecting misconduct. a. Answer b. Avoid c. Recognize d. Recovery e. Detect
d. Recovery
__________ is one of the country's greatest sustainability success stories. a. Water conservation b. Manufacturing c. Pollution control d. Recycling e. Composting
d. Recycling
_____ are satisfied by social and interpersonal relationships, and _____ are satisfied by creative or productive activities. a. Growth needs; relatedness needs b. Personal needs; group needs c. Group needs; personal needs d. Relatedness needs; growth needs e. Coercive needs; ethical needs
d. Relatedness needs; growth needs
The ethical decision making process in business includes all of the following except a. Individual factors b. Organizational factors c. Opportunity d. Society's view of the decision e. Ethical issue intensity
d. Society's view of the decision
Which of the following is not one of the rights spelled out by John F. Kennedy in his "Consumers' Bill of Rights"? a. The right to be heard b. The right to safety c. The right to choose d. The right to be ethical e. The right to be informed
d. The right to be ethical
The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as a. the stakeholder interaction model. b. a continuum. c. a two-way street. d. a stakeholder orientation. e. a shareholder orientation.
d. a stakeholder orientation.
In the "bad apple-bad barrel" analogy, the bad barrel refers to a. unethical employees. b. a corrupt society. c. indifferent management. d. an unethical corporate culture. e. a criminal organization.
d. an unethical corporate culture.
Although limiting urban sprawl creates disadvantages for ____________, many businesses can benefit from urban renewal movements that reduce sprawl. a. the airline industry b. service-oriented companies c. humans and animals d. car and oil companies e. the railroad industry
d. car and oil companies
The practice of charging high prices for products sold in home markets while selling the same products in foreign markets at low prices, which do not cover the costs of exporting, is known as a. loading. b. skimming. c. price gouging. d. dumping. e. price discrimination.
d. dumping.
Employees' perceptions of their firm as having an ethical climate lead to a. improved relationships with competitors. b. increased community involvement. c. lack of focus on goals. d. enhanced outcomes. e. greater focus on education.
d. enhanced outcomes.
While social reports often discuss issues related to a firm's performance in the four dimensions of social responsibility, as well as to specific social responsibility and ethical issues, ethics audits have a narrower focus on assessing and reporting on a firm's performance in terms of a. customer satisfaction. b. financial performance. c. environmental performance. d. ethical and legal conduct. e. ethical misconduct.
d. ethical and legal conduct.
The Kyoto Protocol created in 1997 was an international treaty meant to curb global _____. a. water pollution b. greenwashing activities c. competition d. greenhouse gas emissions e. natural resource use
d. greenhouse gas emissions
To motivate employees, an organization offers _____ to _____ employees to work toward organizational objectives. a. peer pressure; guilt b. threats; frighten c. punishment; force d. incentives; encourage e. rewards; bribe
d. incentives; encourage
To ensure that an ethics program addresses the needs of the average employee, it should include all of the following except a. feedback from employees across the firm. b. a question-and-answer section. c. checklists, illustrations, and cartoons where appropriate. d. lengthy legal documents. e. additional resources for guidance.
d. lengthy legal documents.
A ___________ business attempts to avoid dealing with environmental issues and hopes nothing bad happens or no one ever finds out about an environmental accident or abuse. a. bankrupt b. law-abiding c. socially responsible d. low-commitment e. newly established
d. low-commitment
The exacting organizational culture is interested in a. investors' impressions of profitability. b. employees and performance. c. maintaining a strong corporate culture. d. performance but has little concern for employees. e. employees' impressions.
d. performance but has little concern for employees.
The world's forests are being destroyed at a rate of 58,000 square miles annually. The reasons for this wide-scale destruction are varied and include all except a. converting land to other use. b. the boom in biofuels. c. cycle of poverty. d. soil that is great for farming. e. logging profi
d. soil that is great for farming.
Moral philosophy refers to a. the legality of business activities. b. the morality of business activities. c. values developed in an organizational environment. d. the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong. e. the principles or rules that policymakers use to create legislation.
d. the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act a. was very popular among Wall Street bankers. b. made it mandatory for public corporations to hire ethics officers. c. represented modest reform to the finance industry. d. was designed to make the financial services industry more responsible. e. came out of theological discussions in the 1920s.
d. was designed to make the financial services industry more responsible.
Which of the following tracks emerging issues and trends, provides information on corporate leadership and best practices, conducts educational workshops and training, and assists organizations in developing practical business ethics tools? a. Bretton Woods agreement b. Global Sullivan Principles c. UN Global Compact d. Business for Social Responsibility e. World Trade Organization
d. Business for Social Responsibility
Which of the following compares standards with actual behavior? a. Shared values b. Process controls c. Formal controls d. Output controls e. Ethics audits
d. Output controls
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision-making process? a. Rule deontology b. Act utilitarianism c. The relativist perspective d. Rule utilitarianism e. Act deontology
e. Act deontology
Which leadership type values people, their emotions, and their needs and relies on friendship and trust to promote flexibility, innovation, and risk taking? a. Authoritative leadership b. Coercive leadership c. Pacesetting leadership d. Coaching leadership e. Affiliative leadership
e. Affiliative leadership
Which of the following is not a main goal of successful ethics training programs? a. Align employee conduct with organizational reputation and branding. b. Provide a hierarchy of leadership for employees to contact when they are faced with an ethical dilemma that they do not know how to resolve. c. Identify key risk areas that employees will face. d. Allow a mechanism for employees to voice their concerns that is anonymous, but allows for the provision of feedback to key questions. e. Allow employees to solve ethical issues using their best judgment.
e. Allow employees to solve ethical issues using their best judgment.
Which power is likely to be effective in the short run but not in the long run? a. Referent power b. Reward power c. Legitimate power d. Expert power e. Coercive power
e. Coercive power
Which type of leader relies on participation and teamwork to reach collaborative decisions? a. Coercive b. Coaching c. Transformational d. Pacesetting e. Democratic
e. Democratic
Minimizing the use of energy and reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder? a. Investors b. Employees c. Suppliers d. Industry leaders e. Environmental groups
e. Environmental groups
_____ is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension. a. Ethical issue intensity b. Opportunity c. Moral intensity d. Locus of control e. Ethical awareness
e. Ethical awareness
The _____ focus(es) on firms taking action to prevent and detect business misconduct in cooperation with government regulation. a. World Trade Organization b. Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct c. U.S. Sentencing Commission d. United Nations Global Compact e. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations
e. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations
____ has been codified in a UN document and is defined as an inherent dignity with equal and inalienable rights as the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. a. Consumerism b. Global Compact c. AACSB standards d. Cultural relativism e. Human rights
e. Human rights
The _____ includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior. a. Normative approach b. Obedience to authority c. Locus of control d. Descriptive approach e. Immediate job context
e. Immediate job context
What issue did Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring address that sparked the environmental movement? a. Indiscriminate use of genetically modified seeds b. Urban sprawl c. Deforestation d. Lack of renewable energy e. Indiscriminate use of pesticides
e. Indiscriminate use of pesticides
Which is not one of the four sources of criminal and civil laws? : a. Constitutional law b. Statutory law c. Administrative law d. Common law e. Judicial law
e. Judicial law
____ assume(s) that the market, through its own inherent mechanisms, will keep commerce in equilibrium. a. Social democracy b. Rational economics c. Economics d. Multinational corporations e. Laissez-faire economics
e. Laissez-faire economics
These leaders are characterized as having superficial charm, no conscience, grandiose self-worth, little or no empathy, and enjoy flouting rules. a. Charismatic leaders b. Unethical leaders c. Apathetic leaders d. Pacesetting leaders e. Psychopathic leaders
e. Psychopathic leaders
During which step of the auditing process should a firm examine all documents that make explicit commitments to ethical, legal, or social responsibility? a. Define the scope of the audit process. b. Verify the results. c. Secure commitment of top managers and directors. d. Establish a committee to oversee the audit. e. Review organizational mission, goals, values, and policies.
e. Review organizational mission, goals, values, and policies.
Which of the following industries tends to generate a high level of trust from consumers and stakeholders? a. Insurance b. Mortgage lenders c. Financial services d. Banks e. Technology
e. Technology
These values were developed by a reverend and the UN Secretary General. They express support for universal human rights. a. UN Global Compact b. FSGO c. Global common values d. Sarbanes-Oxley Act e. The Global Sullivan Principles
e. The Global Sullivan Principles
Which of the following is not a criticism of or charge against multinational corporations (MNCs)? a. They exploit the labor markets of host countries b. They have an unfair advantage when competing with local businesses c. They transfer jobs overseas, where wage rates are lower d. They increase the gap between rich and poor nations e. They usually avoid paying any taxes
e. They usually avoid paying any taxes
What is the purpose of the UN Global Compact? : a. To provide legal representation to international corporations facing lawsuits b. To promote free trade around the world c. To support international banking institutions d. To uphold the principle of consumerism e. To promote human rights, sustainability, and eradicate corruption
e. To promote human rights, sustainability, and eradicate corruption
____ may be more inclined to engage in unethical organizational conduct because of social isolation that creates insensitivity and a lower level of motivation to regulate ethical decision making. a. International managers b. Low-level employees c. Government officials d. Fortune 500 companies e. Top managers
e. Top managers
Which of the following attributes are necessary for ethical communication? a. Passion and dedication b. Passion and collaboration c. Proactivity and transparency d. Stakeholder compassion and reporting e. Transparency and reporting
e. Transparency and reporting
The _____ formed in 1995, and it administers its own trade agreements, facilitates future trade negotiations, settles trade disputes, and monitors the trade policies of member nations a. European Union b. International Monetary Fund c. North American Free Trade Act d. United Nations e. World Trade Organization
e. World Trade Organization
Any attempt to verify outcomes and to compare them with standards can be considered a(n) _____ activity, although many smaller firms do not use this word. a. ethical b. informal c. formal d. accounting e. auditing
e. auditing
At the heart of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations is a a. foundation based on the Golden Rule philosophy. b. Iron Fist philosophy that severely punishes wrongdoing. c. utilitarian philosophy of the greatest good for the greatest number. d. "tit-for-tat" philosophy that punishes wrongdoing. e. carrot-and-stick philosophy that rewards efforts to improve ethics.
e. carrot-and-stick philosophy that rewards efforts to improve ethics.
The _____ leader demands instantaneous obedience and focuses on achievement, initiative, and self-control. a. affiliative b. democratic c. pacesetting d. coaching e. coercive
e. coercive
A _____ generates an ethical program that creates order by requiring that employees identify with and commit to specific required conduct using legal terms and statutes. a. code of conduct b. values orientation c. statement of values d. code of ethics e. compliance orientation
e. compliance orientation
The _____ can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization. a. individual factors b. ethical issue awareness c. intentions of a corporation d. determination of a corporation e. corporate culture
e. corporate culture
The idea that people learn ethical or unethical behavior while interacting with others who are a part of their role-sets is referred to as a. casual interaction. b. cognitive association. c. cognitive memory dissonance. d. group norms. e. differential association.
e. differential association.
The individual responsible for implementing disciplinary action for violation of a firm's ethics standards is usually the a. immediate supervisor. b. CEO. c. president. d. Chairman of the Board. e. ethics officer.
e. ethics officer.
During the data-collection phase of the audit, the primary objective is to generate a variety of opinions about how the company is perceived and whether it is a. meeting profit projections. b. fulfilling employee benefits commitments. c. meeting earnings projections. d. bringing in new customers. e. fulfilling stakeholders' expectations.
e. fulfilling stakeholders' expectations.
Melinda is a very popular executive. She inspires her employees to follow a common vision, facilitates change, and creates a strongly positive climate, all while stressing performance. Melinda has helped to create a(n) _____ culture. a. caring b. apathetic c. authoritative d. affiliative e. integrative
e. integrative
An advantage of the decentralized organization is that a. each worker knows his or her job and what is specifically expected as well as how to carry out designated tasks. b. there is a high level of bureaucracy. c. the focus is on formal rules, policies, and procedures backed up with elaborate control systems. d. there is minimal upward communication. e. it is adaptable and can quickly respond to external change.
e. it is adaptable and can quickly respond to external change
In order for whistle-blowing to be effective, a. employees must wish ill on the organization for which they work. b. lawmakers must make an effort to force employees to discuss details about the misconduct. c. the individual must have indisputable proof of guilt. d. it must occur at a very large multinational corporation. e. it requires that the individual have adequate knowledge of wrongdoing that could damage society.
e. it requires that the individual have adequate knowledge of wrongdoing that could damage society.
Ethics audits can help companies identify potential _____ so they can implement plans to eliminate or reduce them before they reach crisis dimensions. a. productivity issues b. technological glitches c. competitive advantages d. market opportunities e. risks and liabilities
e. risks and liabilities
In the Reagan/Bush eras, the major focus of the business world was on a. decreasing the number of mergers. b. decreasing the multinational presence in the U.S. marketplace. c. improving business ethics. d. increasing government influence on the economic arena. e. self-regulation rather than regulation by government.
e. self-regulation rather than regulation by government.
The _____ model is founded in classic economic precepts. a. ISO b. stakeholder c. board d. economic e. shareholder
e. shareholder
Retaliation against employees that report misconduct is a problem in _____ cultures. a. high power distance b. international c. diverse d. strong ethical e. weak ethical
e. weak ethical
Externally imposed boundaries of conduct, such as laws, rules, regulations, and other requirements are known as a. Core practices b. Philanthropy c. Voluntary boundaries d. Civil law e. Mandated boundaries
e. Mandated boundaries
How can ethical leaders mitigate power differences with workers? a. Conducting ethics audits b. Implementing codes of conduct c. Through workplace politics d. Using political skills e. Through frequent communication
e. Through frequent communication
