Business Ethics Smartbook Chapter 1

In the context of ethics Value System refers to:

A set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior.

In the contexts of ethics Culture refers to:

A specific set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of individuals.

The study of how ethical theories are put into practice is called _______________ _____________.

Applied Ethics.

A problem with the approach of utiliarianism to ethics is the notion that the actors taken to achieve an outcome are more crucial than the outcome itself. (T or F)

False.

Applied ethics is the theory of how people conduct themselves as individuals and as a community in order to live a good and moral life. (T or F)

False.

The idea of ethical relativism implies strict black-and-white rules as opposed to a degree of flexiblity.

False.

__________ __________ is the quality by which a value is a good thing itself and is pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit or not.

Intrinsic Value.

Mira is wondering whether she should tell Michael, her colleague, that he is going to be suspended because of his lack of attention to detail. She decides that she should tell him because, if she were in a similar situation, she would want someone to tell her about such information. In this scenario, Mira has acted based on the principle of ______ ___________ ________.

The Golden Rule.

Joel is facing an ethical dilemma at work: he can either report a blatant error in his colleague's file to the supervisor, or he can cover up his colleague's mistake. Joel decides that he is obligated to a purely moral ideal; hence, he reports the error to the supervisor. In this scenario, which of the following ethical theories does Joel most likely exemplify?

Universal Ethics.

Originally attributed to German philosopher Immanuel Kant, _____________ __________ argues that actions should be taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral ideal, rather than based on the needs of a situation, since the universal principles are seen to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time.

Universal Ethics.

Originally proposed by scottish philosopher David Hume, the approach to ethics in which there is a focus on the actions that result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people is called _____________.

Utilitarianism.

A set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior is known as a(n) ___________ __________.

Value System.

The term _____________ refers to a set of personal principles by which an individual aims to live his or her life.

Value.

Originally attributed to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, ___________ ___________ refers to a concept of living one's life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal - what sort of person would I like to become, and how do I go about becoming that person?

Virtue Ethics.

Phil has an ethical dilemma: he can either tell his friend about a secret that affects the friend's life, or he can respect the secret and keep it to himself. He decides that he would like to be a person who can be trusted with secrets; hence, he keeps the information to himself. In this scenario, which of the following does Phil's action exemplify?

Virtue Ethics.

What are questions that must be considered when resolving an ethical dilemma as recognized by Arthur Dobrin?

1) What can one guess about the facts that one does not know? 2) What will one think of oneself if one decides one thing or another? 3) Can one explain and justify one's decision to others? 4) What will happen if one chooses one thing rather than another?

According to Arthur Dobrin, the following questions that must be considered when resolving an ethical dilemma.

1) What do the facts mean? 2) What do one's feelings tell oneself? 3) What are the facts? 4) What does the problem look like through the eyes of the people involved?

If individuals ask their friends and family what ethics means to them, they are likely to arrive at some basic categories of ethics. Two of these catergories are __________________.

A Simple Truth and Personal Integrity.

In the context of ethics Society refers to:

A structured community of people bound together by similar customs and traditions.

Lawrence Kohlberg proposed a model of six distinct stages of ________________ _________________.

Ethical Reasoning.

___________ ____________ refers to looking at the information available to people in resolving an ethical dilemma and drawing conclusions based on that information in relation to their own ethical standards.

Ethical Reasoning.

The idea of ___________ _______________ refers to the gray area in which one's ethical prinicples are defined by the traditions of one's society, personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment.

Ethical Relativism.

____________ is the manner by which people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior, in both how they think and behave toward others and how they would like others to think and behave toward them.

Ethics.

The Principle that states that people must do unto others as they would have others do unto them is called the ____________ ___________.

Golden Rule.

Three examples of intrinsic value.

Health, Happiness, and Self-Respect.