Business Trends and Issues - Ch.1 - 4
According to Ian Palmer and Richard Dunford, which of the following factors lead to the six images of change management?
A controlling activity Unintended outcomes Intended outcomes
According to Weick, which of the following components of sense-making are essential for the successful implementation of organizational change? (Check all that apply.)
Attention Respectful interaction Animation Direction
Why is change success not guaranteed by following a set of change implementation guidelines?
Because change is dependent on the context in which it occurs
In the context of perspectives that support the image of change manager as nurturer, identify the theory that states that organizational change is fundamental, nonlinear, and may not essentially imply growth.
Chaos theory
In the context of institutional theory, which of the following pressures were identified by DiMaggio and Powell as related to the interconnectedness of organizations that function in the same environment? (Check all that apply.)
Coercive pressure Mimetic pressure Normative pressure
Identify a true statement about change managers as interpreters.
Due to conflicting interpretations of same issues, only some meanings are likely to be realized.
In the context of the image of partially intended change outcomes, why do change initiatives fail to deliver the initially planned outcomes? (Check all that apply.)
External forces may alter originally intended outcomes. Intended change outcomes may be altered along the way.
Identify the assumptions that form the basis of employee involvement in change. (Check all that apply.)
If a change is made utilizing the inputs from employees, they tend to show more commitment in making it a success. Those who are closest to the action tend to be more knowledgeable about how things can be improved.
Which of the following is true of the significance of the six-images framework?
It brings to focus whether an organization has a dominant view of what is achievable and how change should be made
Which of the following are true of surfacing assumptions about change while using the six-images framework in change management? (Check all that apply.)
It enables change managers to evaluate the views of other members with whom they collaborate or from whom they take advice. It helps change managers to provide new images through which a change can be seen by those members who may have different views about it.
What are the advantages of adopting a multiple perspectives approach to change management?
It encourages the search for creative solutions, An approach that works in one setting may not be appropriate in a separate context.
Identify true statements about chaos theory that support the image of change manager as nurturer. (Check all that apply.)
It involves examining how organizations endlessly reestablish themselves through adaptive learning and interactive structural change. It states that organizations' efforts at continuous regeneration result in the emergence of a new dynamic order through self-organization.
Identify an accurate statement about organizational change.
It is a political process.
Which of the following is true of change according to Confucian/Taoist theory that supports the image of change manager as nurturer?
It is based on conserving equilibrium.
Identify true statements about change according to Confucian/Taoist theory that supports the image of change manager as nurturer. (Check all that apply.)
It is cyclical in nature. It is observed by individuals who are involved. It is journey-oriented.
Identify the theory that states that organizations pass through well-defined sequential stages from birth to growth, maturity, and then decline or death as part of a natural developmental cycle.
Life-cycle theory
In the context of the caretaker image of change managers, identify a true statement about the life-cycle theory.
Managers, at their best, are caretakers of an organization as it passes through the various stages of natural development.
Identify the theory that supports the coach image of change managers by reiterating the significance of values such as humanism, democracy, and individual development.
Organization development theory
match up
Organizational selection matches ------ It happens when an environment chooses organizations that best fit the conditions. Organizational retention----It involves forces that sustain organizational forms, counteracting other cycles of change. Organizational variation -----It is a result of random chance.
In the context of using the six-images framework for change management, which of the following factors form the basis for change managers to make a conscious choice of the image of change? (Check all that apply.)
Simultaneous involvement in multiple changes The phase of change The type of change
match
The caretaker and nurturer images -----They are more widely accepted in the domains of organization theory where there is less practice orientation. The director, navigator, coach, and interpreter images ---- They reflect more positive images of change management.
Who among the following has the task of creating meaning for others, helping them make sense of events and developments that, in themselves, constitute a changed organization?
The change manager as interpreter
Which of the following is true of the coach image of change manager?
The coach establishes the right values, skills, and "drills" so that the organization's members can achieve the desired outcomes.
Which of the following are influenced by a change manager's image of an organization? (Check all that apply.)
The issues that he or she believes to be important The ways in which he or she approaches the change process The change management style that he or she will adopt
Identify an accurate statement about transformative changes.
They are costlier to implement than shallow changes.
Identify a true statement about the application of the director, navigator, coach, and interpreter images of change manager.
They comprise more active, planned, and directional outlooks about the ability of change managers to create organizational change.
Which of the following is true of unintended change outcomes?
They result from various internal and external forces that push change in directions that were not planned.
In the context of the theories that support the director image of a change manager, identify the true statements about contingency theories. (Check all that apply.)
They state that change managers do not have "one best model" to follow. They contend that the most appropriate approach toward change is dependent on the context.
Which of the following is true of the navigator image of a change manager?
This image assumes that outcomes are often partly emergent rather than completely planned.
Which of the following is true of the caretaker image of change manager?
This image continues to view management as a controlling function.
Which of the following is true of the nurturer image of change manager?
Though the nurturer may be unable to control the outcomes of the changes, he or she may shape future outcomes.
What is the role of a change manager according to the director image?
To lead an organization toward planned outcomes
Which of the following is most likely to be the role of a change manager as caretaker?
To shepherd an organization along to the maximum of his or her ability
Following a set of change implementation guidelines does not guarantee successful organizational change because
a change process has both technical and creative aspects
A _____ is most likely to help managers be aware of potential component breakdowns and see their role in terms of maintenance and repair.
a machine image
In most organizations, change is
a team effort and not a solo performance
What is true about organizational changes?
ability to facilitate and augment major changes
In the _____ image, the ability of a change manager to exercise control is gravely encumbered by various internal and external forces that cause change relatively independent of management intentions.
caretaker
Sophie is the team manager of the software development team at Orb Inc., a software company. She introduces strategies to encourage the innovative talent in her team. However, a new organizational policy restricts activities and projects that are undertaken without prior approval of the board of directors. In this scenario, Sophie exemplifies the image of change manager as
caretaker
For most of the twentieth century, the term ____________ _______________ typically referred to an external management consultant who was paid to work out what was going wrong in an organization and to implement change to put things right.
change agent
Identify a true statement about organizational change.
change can be driven by a great number of employees in a distributed leadership approach.
Organizational change is most likely considered deep change if a firm
changes its philosophy, mission, and values
The six-images framework helps change managers to
check if they have a particular image of change that is dominant for them
Which of the following images is most likely associated with the image of a manager being able to shape change?
coach image
The central concern of institutional theory is to
comprehend the similarity of organizational forms and practices
According to John Kotter, change leadership is
concerned with factors that create large-scale transformations
according to Palmer and Dunford, the first dimension of change
concerns choice of change management approach
Which of the following is most likely to be the role of a change manager as interpreter?
create meaning for others
In the context of the image of management as a controlling function, Henry Mintzberg explains contemporary management roles with reference to
deciding, focusing, scheduling, communicating, controlling, leading, networking, building coalitions, and getting things done
Identify the images of change management that result from combining the models of managing change and of expected change outcomes as identified by Palmer and Dunford.
director, navigator, caretaker, coach, interpreter, nurturer.
n the context of assessing the depth of change, which of the following is an example of change that is categorized as "off the scale"?
dramatically redrawing organization and sector boundaries
The image of managing as a shaping function is associated with a participative management style that
encourages the involvement of employees in decision making
Which of the following is true of minor organizational changes?
facilitate and augment major changes
Surfacing assumptions about change ultimately lead to individual change managers talking past one another and making assumptions that are not shared by others.
false
An organization is most likely to be undergoing disruptive innovation if
firm and sector boundaries are radically redrawn
which of the following is one of the steps taken by Eddie Lampert in response to the problems faced by Sears Holdings Corporation?
he implemented a decentralized organizational structure
In the context of assessing the depth of change, which of the following is an example of deeper change?
identifying new ways of doing business
Neptune Solutions is a global IT enterprise. Due to recession, the company is forced to downsize its workforce in China. The management decides to lay off employees who have not completed two years of service and those who have been identified as slackers. They present the decision in such a way that states the action is necessary to protect the job of efficient executives of the company, and that it is an inevitable action to strengthen the organization. Identify the image exemplified by the management of Neptune Solutions.
interpreter image
Which of the following is true of change management according to the views of John Kotter?
it concerns components that are required to control changes that are of a small scale.
which of the following was the outcome of the new organizational model implemented by Eddie lambert, the chairman of sears holding corp?
it encouraged the divisions to turn against each other
Which of the following is most likely an advantage of adopting a multiple perspectives approach to the management of organizational change?
it encourages the search for creative solutions
Which of the following is true of the image of management as a controlling function?
it manifests a "top-down" hierarchical view of managing.
In the context of applying the six-images framework for change management, an advantage of the exposure of change managers to the range of images of change is that
it reduces the probability of change managers using a single image because of a lack of awareness about other options
An accurate statement about the range of concepts is that:
it refers to the ideas that vary in scale.
A change strategy is most likely to be successful if
it uses a style that is consistent with local circumstances
The external forces that can push change in unplanned directions include all of the following except
long-established working practices that are difficult to dislodge
According to Karl Weick's sense-making theory, it is essential for the successful change of an organization that its
management assume the image of an interpreter
In the context of change management, the image of unintended change outcomes claims that
managers often face great troubles in producing desired change outcomes
identify factors that make literature hard to absorb
many perspectives, rich history, range of concepts, blurred boundaries, varied settings
In the context of assessing the depth of change, which of the following is an example of "not on the scale" changes?
minor problems
In the context of theoretical support for change implementation that is based on the image of the change manager as director, which of the following holds the optimistic view that the intended outcomes of change can be achieved if change managers follow the guidelines?
n step
In the context of theoretical support for change implementation that is based on the image of the change manager as director, which of the following holds the optimistic view that the intended outcomes of change can be achieved if change managers follow the guidelines?
n-step
In the _____ image, control is at the heart of management action, although a variety of external factors mean that, although change managers may achieve some intended change outcomes, they may have little control over other results.
navigator
In the _____, control is still at the heart of the management, although a variety of external factors mean that, although change managers achieve some intended changes, they may have little control over other results.
navigator
____ occurs when there is professionalization of work such that managers in different organizations adopt similar values and working methods that are similar to each other.
normative pressure
The _____ image of change manager relies on the assumption that even small changes can have a monumental impact on organizations.
nurturer
The image of change manager as _____ assumes that even small changes can have a large impact on organizations and that managers may be unable to control the outcomes of these changes.
nurturer
According to John Kotter, which of the following statements is true of change in organizations?
organizations need more change leadership
Based on biology and neo-Darwinism, _____ explains how environment selects organizations for survival or extinction.
population ecology theory
According to _____, the function of change manager is to find options, collect resources, keep track of progress, and navigate a way through the complex situation.
processual theories
In the context of change management, _____ contend that changes in an organization develop over time in a disorderly and repeated way, and thus depend on the image of change manager as navigator.
processual theories
identify the major problem faced by Sears Holdings Corporation two years after the merger of Kmart and Sears Roebuck.
profits were down by 45 percent
Which of the following statements is true of organizational change?
shallower changes can facilitate and complement the deeper intitiatives
A true statement about organizational change is that
small initiatives designed to fix minor problems can be very effective
In the context of assessing the depth of change, _____ involves improving on current practices in organizations.
sustaining innovation
organizational change most likely successful if
systematic approach to change has political support
Which of the following reasons makes it difficult for a practicing manager who is less interested in theoretical perspectives to know what works in the management of organizational change?
the cause and effect across complex processes that unfold over time is difficult to establish
Which of following images of a change manager is based on the assumption that a change manager can deliberately shape an organization's capabilities in specific ways?
the coach image
Alex works in the top management of Pennit, a publishing firm. The company has decided to shift its focus entirely to digital publishing. The change management response involves equipping the employees to easily imbibe the challenges of the transition to new avenues with an end result of harvesting the benefits of recent technological advances through increased online readership. Alex assumes that this transformation can be mandated, leading the organization to the elite group in the industry, along with maximum profits and wider, new-age audience. In this scenario, identify the image of change manager represented by Alex.
the director image
Identify the image of change management that views management as controlling and planned change as achievable.
the director image
Identify a true statement about the image of partially intended change outcomes.
the link between original intention and end result may not be direct.
An attribute of shallow changes is that
they are normally easier to enforce than frame-breaking changes
Identify a true statement about internal change agents.
they are usually more knowledgeable than external agents about changes that would lead to improvements.
stories are considered process theories bc
they can uncover the mechanisms behind a sequence of events
Which of the following statements is a characteristic of process narratives?
they expose the nature and significance of the casual factors acting on events
Which of the following is most likely to be the role of a change manager as director?
to guide the organization to planned results
True or false: Organization development interventions are designed to create skills, reduce conflict between persons and between divisions, and structure activities in such a way that they help the employees to comprehend, determine, and settle their own problems.
true
identify a feature of effective change strategies
understand that what is effective is dependent on the context
In order to be personally effective as a change manager and to make the change process effective in an organization, it is essential that the change manager
work with multiple images concerning the change management function
