BW6

Sections of the Infocube

1. Object Information:Version ,Object Status. 2. Settings: Type of InfoCube 3. Dimensions • Data • Package • Time • Unit 4. Navigation Attributes • Navigation Attributes of the Master Data InfoObjects. 5. Key Figures

Types of InfoCubes

1.Standard Physically stores data and is classified as a data target,Data is loaded using the data staging process, Optimized for READING data from the cube-reporting 2.Real-Time InfoCube Optimized for WRITING data, Basis for any planning application in SAP-Netweaver BW, A real time InfoCube can switch between real-time mode and Also classified as a data target

Star Schema Facts

A Fact Table consists of the measurements, metrics, and/ or facts about a business process. The Fact Table is at the center of the star schema. Fact tables provide the additive values that act as independent variables by which dimensional attributes are analyzed.

Star Schema

A Star schema is the simplest form of a dimensional model, where data is organized into facts and dimensions. A Fact represents data in the form of key figures and measures. An example might be annual revenue or quarterly profits. A Dimension is a logical grouping of characteristics that share a definition. An example might be the characteristics of product and product category sharing parts of the common definition of what we sell.

Templates for InfoObject Selection

All InfoObjects,InfoObject Catalog,InfoCube, DataStore Object ,InfoSource

Dimension Explanation

Dimension Tables save the data of the characteristic values• DIM IDs are generated for each dimension in this manner which are then combined to form the key of the fact table, Dimension Tables store the surrogate SID values instead of the actual values as shown. For Example for the First Record in the Transaction data Customer Value=Exxon, Month=09.2009. The Dimension Table creates a DIM ID for each unique value of the customer surrogate SID. Customer Value=Exxon points to SID_CUST=1, SID_CUST=1 points to DIM_ID =10,DIM_ID =10 is found in the fact table

Star Schema Dimensions

Dimension tables contain descriptive attributes (fields) which are typically text based fields or discrete numbers that behave like text. These attributes are designed to serve two critical purposes 1. Constraining & filtering queries 2. Query result set labeling

Manually Define Characteristics for Addition

In the Insert InfoObjects dialog box, enter the characteristics(technical names) you wish to define in the dimension

Summary

Infocube Star Schema is built with a Fact Table at the center with Dimension star points. Extended Star Schema uses surrogate IDs (SID) .Infocubes have limits:- 233 key figues- 248 characteristics- 16 dimensions. Standard Infocubes are used for READING reporting data, Real-time Infocubes are used for WRITING planning data

Technical Name Conventions

System defined dimensions - Data Package:<Technical Name of InfoCube>P - Time:<Technical Name of InfoCube>T - Unit:<Technical Name of InfoCube>U • Customer defined dimensions - <Technical Name of InfoCube>X • X represents the dimension number • Example Infocube BWCRM_C01 - Dimension 1 would be BWCRM_C01X or C011 - Dimension 2 would be BWCRM_C01X or C012 - Etc...

Select InfoProvider

Under Modeling in the navigation section select InfoProvider

Summary (continued)

Virtual Providers combine Infocube source data for reporting. Three system defined dimensions. Time, Unit, Data Package. Customer defined dimensions. Line item dimension creates a SID short cut without the DIM ID, Provider specific properties allow us to define different properties for an InfoObject within a specific Infocube

Line Item Dimension

When Line Item is selected a dimension table is not created It connects the fact table directly with the SID table of that characteristic, The Line Item dimension improves performance with ,large number of records by simplifying the path from key figures in the fact table to a SID acting as a DIM ID, in the fact table,basically it skips the DIM table

InfoCube Considerations

• A maximum of 233 Key Figures can be used in an InfoCube, there must be at least one, A maximum of 248 characteristics can be attached to one dimension, A maximum of 16 dimensions can be used in an InfoCube and there must be at least 4, 3 are system defined. Time (Mandatory). • Unit-Currencies / Units • Data Package-A Technical Requirement - Minimum of 1 customer/user defined

Infocube Definition

• After all the dimensions are added the InfoCube definition is as shown below

Check Definition of the InfoCube

• Check the definition of the InfoCube by using the "Check icon" on the menu bar

Selecting Navigation Attributes

• Click on Navigation Attributes in the InfoCube definition and select the attributes you want to select as Navigation Attributes by clicking on the Check Box(On/Off)

Select Provider Specific Properties

• Click on the single Product InfoObject select Provider-Specific properties

Add Dimension

• Drag the Material group characteristic from Data Fields and drop it in the Material Dimension of the InfoCube.

Star Schema Explanation

• Each dimension table has a unique key to identify a unique record from the table. • Fact - Product • Dimensions - Customer • CUSTOMER_DIM_ID - Customer Segment - Organization - Time • CUST_SEG_DIM_ID • ORGANIZATION_DIM_ID • TIME_DIM_ID

Technical Name & Description 2

• Enter the technical name and description

Technical Name & Description

• Enter the technical name and description into the "Edit InfoCube" dialog box and also select the type of InfoCube. Click "create" icon

Manually Define Key Figures for Addition

• Enter the technical names of the Key figures that you want to add

Extended Star Schema

• Extended Star Schema is an improved version.The Extended Star Schema stores a generated value known as the surrogate ID (SID) in the dimension table, instead of storing the actual values of the characteristics. SIDs are system-generated numeric values that are stored in the SID table of a characteristic InfoObject.The SID table is created for each InfoObject when the InfoObject definition is activated.

Edit the Properties

• From the Provider-Specific Properties of the InfoObject screen select the "Text and Key as Medium Text" option from the Display drop down menu

Activating the InfoCube

• If no inconsistencies are found then Click on the Activate icon

Select Line Item Dimension

• In the create Dimensions screen select the Line Item Dimension option

Star Schema Explanation2

• Key figures are part of the Fact Table linked to different dimensions using the dimension IDs. The DIM_IDs from all the dimension tables form the unique key for the Fact Table. CUSTOMER_DIM_ID + CUST_SEG_DIM_ID + TIME_DIM_ID + ORGANIZATION_DIM_ID

Templates

• On the Template pane click on any one of the templates to use it to select the InfoObject.

Provider-Specific Properties

• Properties corresponding to the InfoObjects are included in the InfoCube definition, The settings configured at the InfoObject level apply to all of the InfoCubes in which they are used. These settings can be changed within the context of the Infocube to meet those specific needs , Settings can be changed for both Single InfoObjects or Multiple InfoObjects at the same time

Adding Characteristics to Dimensions using Direct Input

• Right Click on the Dimension(Organization) and select InfoObject Direct Input

Setting Provider-Specific Properties for Single InfoObjects

• Right Click on the InfoCube and select the Change option from the context menu

Setting Provider-Specific Properties for Multiple InfoObjects

• Right Click on the multiple Dimensions Folder and select the Provider-Specific InfoObject Properties from the context menu

Adding Key Figures to Dimensions using Direct Input

• Right click on the Key Figures folder and select the InfoObject Direct Input method

Adding Characteristics to Dimensions using Templates

• Select an InfoCube from the InfoProvider pane

Create New Dimension

• Select the "Create New Dimensions" option from the context menu

Create Infocube

• Select the InfoArea right click on it and select the "Create InfoCube" option

Select the Characteristic from the DSO

• Select the desired DSO from the templates window. • Click on Data Fields folder and select the characteristic to add to the Dimension(Material)

Editing Dimensions

• Select the properties option from the context menu of Dimension 1

Creating a Standard InfoCube

• Start the Data Warehousing Workbench(RSA1)

High Cardinality基数

• Used in cases where the number of distinct values are high and the size of the dimension table is at least 20% of the size of the fact table. • The High Cardinality flag changes the index type to B-Tree in Oracle databases

Edit Multiple InfoObjects

• Using this screen you can maintain the provider-specific properties of multiple InfoObjects. Check, Save and Activate the InfoCube

VirtualProvider Infocubes

• VirtualProvider InfoCube Does not store data physically, InfoObjects in this InfoCube are linked to source fields ,VirtualProviders borrow all of their data from other infocubes, Data is read from the source system during runtime, Virtual Provider InfoCube is used for real-time reporting, Suitable only for small amount of data, Performance of queries on Virtual InfoProvider InfoCube is poor