BYU APUSH/APHIST Part 1 All Questions

Why was admitting California as part of the United States a national problem? Other westerners desired statehood before California. California had a constitution allowing slavery and excluding new immigrants. Gold from California would shake up currency and cause inflation. California would disrupt the nation's balance between free and slave states.

California would disrupt the nation's balance between free and slave states.

The "Know-Nothing" movement occurred in part to reduce the ________ influence. American Party Democrat abolitionist Catholic

Catholic

Which of the following was much more important in Maryland than in Virginia? sugar tobacco Catholicism Protestantism

Catholicism

By the end of the 1700s, what happened with Spain's southwestern colonies that were north of Mexico? Colonies provided places to escape from centralized Spanish authority. Increasing religious conversion of the Native Americans was not as important. These colonies had become extremely important to Spain's American empire. They did not grow as the colonization northward into California was pushed back.

Colonies provided places to escape from centralized Spanish authority.

Which of the following is true of the colonies established north of Mexico by 1610? The Spanish raided their fleets and settlements. The half brothers Gilbert and Raleigh successfully established a colony. Colonization by the English continued to fail. The first permanent English settlement was Roanoke.

Colonization by the English continued to fail.

Which of these was NOT a way the Washington administration helped put the constitutional system into effect? The Bill of Rights was written and ratified by 1791. Executive departments were created and secretaries appointed. The federal courts were more specifically defined. Congress's veto over state laws was clarified and first used.

Congress's veto over state laws was clarified and first used.

Which of the following is most true of early Spanish colonization in the Americas? Cortés conquered the Aztecs and Pizarro conquered the Incas. No Spaniards had any concern for the well-being of the Native Americans. The biggest concern of the conquistadors was to convert Native Americans to Catholicism. Spanish settlers were most interested in developing strong trade ties to China.

Cortés conquered the Aztecs and Pizarro conquered the Incas.

Which was most true of colonial trade in the early 1700s? Despite difficulties, merchants traded in the routes that made the most sense to them. It was weak because most Americans already owned most of the tools and supplies they needed. It was dominated by the one enormous triangular trade. Consumerism was gradually declining in the colonies.

Despite difficulties, merchants traded in the routes that made the most sense to them.

Supporters of the president's arguments here are most likely to support ________. "hard money" Nicholas Biddle Daniel Webster "soft money"

"hard money"

Those who agreed with the president's arguments here most likely supported ________. Nicholas Biddle "hard money" "soft money" Daniel Webster

"hard money"

"I'll strike up a spiritual; it will help the work go by quicker." What skill are you practicing when you think this regarding the subject of slavery? Empathizing Filling in the Facts Questioning The Golden Rule of Historical Judgment

Empathizing

Why did English colonial landowners rely heavily on African slavery by the 1700s? England experienced a decline in the birth rate. The government discouraged the practice of indentured servitude. England's economic conditions worsened. Landowners could not pay indentured servant wages.

England experienced a decline in the birth rate.

Which of these statements regarding the Navigation Acts (1660s) is false? The acts were intended to enforce the principles of mercantilism. Certain colonial products could be exported only to England. English colonies were closed to all trade except that carried by English ships. English colonists could only produce products that were also sold in England.

English colonists could only produce products that were also sold in England.

Which of these was most true of religion in the colonies? Jews and Catholics were welcomed in all of the colonies. The Puritans were pleased with the level of religious faith in their communities over time. Even though New York had an established faith, it also had a lot of religious diversity. Unlike Europe, there were no established religions in the colonies.

Even though New York had an established faith, it also had a lot of religious diversity.

Which of these is correct about the Constitution? Even though no one intended it before the convention, power was significantly split between the national and state governments. Each branch of the national government could not interfere in the business of the other branches. Out of a concern for limiting power, all national government officials were given carefully defined term limits. Even though it strengthened the national government's powers, it kept sovereignty in the states.

Even though no one intended it before the convention, power was significantly split between the national and state governments.

The passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act did NOT cause ________. President Franklin Pierce to support pro-slavery settlers in Kansas. Senator Charles Sumner to be badly beaten in the U.S. Senate chamber John Brown and his sons to murder pro-slavery settlers in Kansas Federal troops to take military control of the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

Federal troops to take military control of the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

Which of the following was a significant consequence of the financial program represented in the diagram? Formal political parties were organized as opposition to this program emerged. Speculators in U.S. bonds lost money due to the declining credit rating of the country. The Supreme Court's power of judicial review was instituted over concerns about the legality of this program. The national capital was located in Boston, Massachusetts for a period of ten years.

Formal political parties were organized as opposition to this program emerged.

When did the French and Indian War start? 1800 1848 1945 1754

1754

Which best explains how nineteenth century industrialization can be viewed as a turning point in U.S. social and economic history? A shift from the self-sustaining economic family unit to income-earning outside of the home began to occur. The development of the factory system led to more women contributing to the family income than before. Manufacturing overtook agriculture as the leading working force in the American economy. The beginnings of a service industry started to become an important force in the American economy.

A shift from the self-sustaining economic family unit to income-earning outside of the home began to occur.

What policy was most favored by white westerners during the early 1800s? Acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes and move the Indians west. Spread the Christian faith and white culture among Indian tribes. Protect Indians with the military from attacks by white settlers. Assimilate Indian tribes into white society and settlements.

Acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes and move the Indians west.

Which of these statements is true about the thirteen British colonies in late colonial America? Most colonial colleges accepted female as well as male students. Over 90 percent of white males could read and write. Freedom of the press generally declined as authorities convicted all critics. After the Bible, almanacs were the most widely circulated publications.

After the Bible, almanacs were the most widely circulated publications.

With which of the following statements would the attendees in the above illustration most likely agree? All people have equal opportunity to achieve religious salvation before God. Women lacked the intellectual and moral capability to effect widespread social change. The best solution to the problem of slavery was the return of enslaved peoples to Africa. Separation of church and state was clearly guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution.

All people have equal opportunity to achieve religious salvation before God.

Which of these was NOT a part of the philosophy explained in the Declaration of Independence? When governments do not do their job, the people have the right to change them or get rid of them. The main job of government is to secure the rights of the people, and governments get their powers from the consent of the people. All people in the colonies are entitled to the rights of Englishmen and those rights were not forfeited by coming to the Americas. All people are entitled to are "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

All people in the colonies are entitled to the rights of Englishmen and those rights were not forfeited by coming to the Americas.

The most powerful civilization in Mesoamerica by 1492 was that of the ________. Incas Olmecs Mayans Aztecs

Aztecs

Who settled South Carolina early and most strongly affected how it ran? Barbadians The eight lords proprietor Puritans escaping persecution in England Immigrants from Spanish Florida

Barbadians

What did the British lose in the first part of the American Revolution? Florida Boston Canada Philadelphia

Boston

Laws like that above were long-term consequences of which of the following? Britain needed to exert political control over the colonists in order to rebuild its imperial army after several global wars. Britain needed Americans to help fund the empire after the enormous expenses of a series of imperial wars. Britain hoped to win the allegiance of the colonies from its European rivals in North America. Britain failed to develop as many colonies around the world for commerce and taxation as its imperial rivals had.

Britain needed Americans to help fund the empire after the enormous expenses of a series of imperial wars.

Which of the following best describes the British perspective in its relations with the American colonies in the latter half of the eighteenth century? Britain thought direct taxation was a valid source of revenue for wartime, but the American colonists believed spoils should pay for war. Americans believed that free trade should exist among all regions of North America, but Britain wished to limit trade. Britain saw the American colonies as a typical part of its empire, and the colonists had gotten too used to provincial self-government. Britain felt threatened, believing that the American colonists had intentions of developing an imperial government to compete globally.

Britain saw the American colonies as a typical part of its empire, and the colonists had gotten too used to provincial self-government.

Which best describes the perspective Britain had regarding its relationship with the American colonies in the latter half of the eighteenth century? Britain thought direct taxation was a valid source of revenue for wartime, but the American colonists believed spoils should pay for war. Britain wanted to limit trade while American colonists believed that free trade should exist among all regions of North America. Britain saw the American colonies as an important part of its empire, and the colonists were too used to provincial self-government. Britain felt threatened, believing that the American colonists intended to develop an imperial government to compete globally.

Britain saw the American colonies as an important part of its empire, and the colonists were too used to provincial self-government.

What was going on in 1650 in North America? British colonies were growing. French soldiers were helped by U.S. forces in World War II. The American Revolution was fought. The United States was industrializing.

British colonies were growing.

The duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton was the result of ________. Burr's plots in the southwest territories and Mexico Burr's treasonous leadership of the Essex Junto Hamilton's statements against Burr in an 1804 election Hamilton's support for Jefferson in the election of 1800

Hamilton's statements against Burr in an 1804 election

What did President Andrew Jackson do in 1833 in an attempt to end the nullification crisis? He raised the "tariff of abominations" higher than it already was. He authorized the use of the military to enforce acts of Congress. He agreed to implement John C. Calhoun's demands. He shifted the power of judicial review to the states.

He authorized the use of the military to enforce acts of Congress.

What did Booker T. Washington say in his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech? He urged the federal government to create laws against lynching. He criticized the federal government over the abandonment of the southern blacks. He encouraged black Americans to get a practical education and training. He called for the political and civil rights for black Americans immediately.

He encouraged black Americans to get a practical education and training.

Which of these did Christopher Columbus actually accomplish? He opened the door for many overseas Spanish colonies. He found a faster sailing route to Asia from Europe. He proved the world was round. He explored significant parts of what would become the United States.

He opened the door for many overseas Spanish colonies.

Which statement was true about Lincoln as commander in chief of the military? He found a number of the best generals who agreed with his strategy. He was consistent in his methods to defeat the Confederacy. He realized how costly the war would be for the Union to gain advantage. He had consistent support by the Committee on the Conduct of the War in Congress.

He realized how costly the war would be for the Union to gain advantage.

What did Hamlin Garland state in his writings during the late 1800s? He contended that Americans should abandon the Plains. He reflected on the growing disillusionment of western farmers. He was critical of western farmers and their unstable industry. He romanticized the agrarian life on the Great Plains and West.

He reflected on the growing disillusionment of western farmers.

Why did Napoleon decide to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States? He expected to get military support from the United States in exchange. His hopes for building an American empire had been destroyed. The British threatened to invade the territory. He believed the Louisiana Territory was a "great desert" and unfit for habitation.

His hopes for building an American empire had been destroyed.

Washington's foreign policy ________. Hoped to keep the United States out of European affairs and negotiated with powers that were troublesome Leaned toward the Jeffersonian belief for a small national military Agreed with Hamilton for the United States to cooperate with Great Britain. Tried to force the United States to be loyal to its alliance with France despite the French Revolution's radicalism

Hoped to keep the United States out of European affairs and negotiated with powers that were troublesome

What is the third question you should ask to help you make better sense of all the information you will be learning in this class? When will it all be over? What is this? Why does this matter? How am I going to remember this?

How am I going to remember this?

Which of these is an example of context regarding the subject of slavery? How slavery came into existence How slaves spent their free time The type of food and clothing slaves received How long slaves typically worked in a day

How slavery came into existence

Which of these is true of French colonization in the Americas? The first permanent French foothold in North America was at St. Augustine in 1565. In the 1500s, the French had more success fishing and pirating than in establishing permanent colonies. By 1600 the French colonies rivaled those of Spain in size, population, and wealth. French coureurs de bois preached and converted many Indians to French Protestantism.

In the 1500s, the French had more success fishing and pirating than in establishing permanent colonies.

Beliefs found in the third paragraph greatly influenced Jackson's actions on another issue. What was it? Indian policy the "spoils system" taxes and tariffs slavery

Indian policy

The beliefs described in the third paragraph were also most influential in Jackson's actions on what other issue? taxes and tariffs the "spoils system" Indian policy slavery

Indian policy

What happened with mining in the West during the second half of the nineteenth century? It prevented ranchers and farmers from launching their own economic base. Most miners became very wealthy quickly. There were not many great mineral strikes until after the Civil War. Individual prospectors moved in first, and then corporations followed.

Individual prospectors moved in first, and then corporations followed.

What did the U.S. policy of "concentration" for Indians do in the 1850s? It set the foundation for Indian policy for that the century. It assigned each tribe to its own reservation. It re-affirmed and continued the federal treatment of Indians. It reduced white and Indian conflicts for the next few decades.

It assigned each tribe to its own reservation.

What happened to the "cotton kingdom" during the first half of the nineteenth century? It became the dominant source of income for the lower South. Wealthy planters consistently outnumbered small planters. The cotton gin had not been used despite the time that could be saved. It was steadily declining to other staples, such as rice and tobacco.

It became the dominant source of income for the lower South.

Which statement is NOT true of the Spanish-American empire in the Americas? The empire mined more than ten times as much gold and silver as the rest of the world. Cortés gained wealth and attention in Mexico when he conquered the Aztecs. Pizarro conquered the Incas in Peru, which increased Spanish interest. It could only claim a small portion of the New World, because everything else was claimed by Portugal.

It could only claim a small portion of the New World, because everything else was claimed by Portugal.

What is the most significant thing about the point of view of this statement? Samuel Adams, Old South Meeting House, December 16, 1773: "This meeting can do nothing more to save the country!" It depends on what historical question you are investigating. This was the last thing officially said before the Boston Tea Party. Samuel Adams was born in 1722.The Old South Meeting House was built by Congregationalists.

It depends on what historical question you are investigating.

What was the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s? It was carried forward entirely by American-born preachers. It began as a call for young men to become ministers. It had particular appeal with women and young men. It helped to smooth differences within existing congregations.

It had particular appeal with women and young men.

What did the Rocky Mountain School of Painting do? Significantly influenced abstract art, which flourished in Europe. It focused on the primitive art of Indians and other indigenous peoples. It departed from the artistic style of the Hudson River Valley painters. It helped increase the growth of tourism in the West.

It helped increase the growth of tourism in the West.

Which statement is true of the administration of John Quincy Adams? It tried to scale back the size of the federal government and reduce the national debt. It accomplished more in its first hundred days than any other presidency up to that point. It took the lead in diplomacy between the United States and Latin American nations. It hoped to pass a program of vigorous national economic and educational development.

It hoped to pass a program of vigorous national economic and educational development.

Which of these is NOT true of the Spanish-American empire in the Americas before 1492? It included no part of South America because that continent was claimed by Portugal. Pizarro gained a lot of wealth and attention in Peru when he conquered the Incas. Its mines produced much more gold and silver than those of the rest of the world combined. Cortés gained a lot of wealth and attention in Mexico when he conquered the Aztecs.

It included no part of South America because that continent was claimed by Portugal.

What is true about the "XYZ Affair"? It involved foreign interference in an American presidential election. It involved secret foreign treaties with nearby Native American nations. It increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain. It led to an undeclared war at sea between the United States and France.

It led to an undeclared war at sea between the United States and France.

Which is true about the "XYZ Affair"? It involved foreign interference in one of the American presidential elections. It increased the tensions between the United States and Great Britain. It involved secret foreign treaties with the Native American nations nearby. It led to an undeclared war at sea between the United States and France.

It led to an undeclared war at sea between the United States and France.

Which of these is NOT true of periodization? It divides history into different time periods. It is done by human decisions and is open to question. It emphasizes some themes over others. It makes history more complicated and harder to grasp.

It makes history more complicated and harder to grasp.

What is true of the Tariff of 1828? It raised tariff rates to record-high levels. It was originally proposed by President Adams. It was praised in a pamphlet written by Vice President Calhoun. It reduced the rates of the "Tariff of Abominations."

It raised tariff rates to record-high levels.

What is true of the Constitution In regard to Native Americans living in the United States? It stated Native American tribes were entitled to direct representation in the federal government. It defined a precise legal standing for Native Americans and Native American nations. It made no mention of Native American nations or government obligations to them. It required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation.

It required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation.

How did Uncle Tom's Cabin affect the nation? It ignited so much anger in the South that several states soon seceded from the Union. It offered the first written history of American slavery. It revealed the ugly and vicious nature of the slave trade to America. It spread the abolitionist message to an enormous and new audience.

It spread the abolitionist message to an enormous and new audience.

What was the effect of the Union's national draft law? It triggered attacks on free blacks in New York. It was unnecessary to the war effort. It greatly discouraged voluntary enlistment. It did not allow provisions to escape service.

It triggered attacks on free blacks in New York.

Of the following, which is true of the transcendentalist movement? In order to discern the rules and categories of the natural world, it tried to use reason. It made the first scientific studies of the United States natural ecosystems. It was a precursor in the twentieth century to the environmental protection movement. The utopian experiment and unusual social structure of the Oneida settlement was created.

It was a precursor in the twentieth century to the environmental protection movement.

What happened with the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876? It was a short-lived Indian victory. Warfare was prolonged in the Dakotas. Under Sitting Bull and Geronimo, the Sioux became united. The entire western U.S. Army was destroyed.

It was a short-lived Indian victory.

Which important aspect of the Second Great Awakening is shown in the illustration? It was especially strong in frontier areas of the country. The belief that an individual's salvation was predestined. Preaching should not be done to Native Americans since it might cause disloyalty. Government support and organization was crucial to its success.

It was especially strong in frontier areas of the country.

Which of these is most true of the colonies north of Mexico by 1610? The half brothers Gilbert and Raleigh usually got the results they wanted. It was not the golden age for English colonial ventures. The first permanent English settlement was Roanoke. The Dutch put in a permanent settlement before the English did.

It was not the golden age for English colonial ventures.

What happened to political power under southern Redeemers after Reconstruction? It was restricted and conservative. It consolidated the "Solid South" for the Republican Party. It ignored industrialist interests. It increased services for the poor by the state.

It was restricted and conservative.

Which of the following is true of the Battle of Gettysburg? General George Meade of the Union was more aggressive than Robert E. Lee. The Union saw victory after Meade found a copy of Lee's orders. It was the last time the Confederates threatened Union territory. It was caused by the Union attack on the Confederate center in Pickett's Charge.

It was the last time the Confederates threatened Union territory.

What was President Abraham Lincoln's "10 percent" plan for Reconstruction? An area of land within each state that was reserved for former slaves. It offered requirements similar to the Wade-Davis Bill passed by Congress. Its name came from the ratio of federal troops to freed slaves in the South. Its primary goal was to rapidly restore the states to the country.

Its primary goal was to rapidly restore the states to the country.

By the end of the 1670s in New England, ________. a lot more Puritans were arriving each year than in the first decades the Glorious Revolution in England had given the Puritan leaders everything they wanted in their government King Philip had used European weapons to wipe out many frontier settlements before being defeated colonists like Cotton Mather saw Native Americans as more spiritually sensitive than Puritans

King Philip had used European weapons to wipe out many frontier settlements before being defeated

By the time the 1670s ended, New England saw ________. Puritans immigrate in greater masses than in previous decades King Philip use European weapons to wipe out frontier settlements the Glorious Revolution change England's government in favor of Puritanism a positive change in the colonists' attitude towards Native Americans

King Philip use European weapons to wipe out frontier settlements

The main struggle for control of New England in the late 1600s was ________. Opechancanough's Rebellion the Pequot War Popé's Rebellion King Philip's War

King Philip's War

Which of these is NOT helpful in making sense of large amounts of information? Forging connections between the facts you are studying and larger issues. Making sure your brain is actively identifying and organizing what you are reading about. Letting what you are reading sweep you away to some distant historyland. Looking for patterns and other ways to provide order for the information.

Letting what you are reading sweep you away to some distant historyland.

Of the following, which is most true about colonial life expectancy in the 1700s? Backcountry settlers had a life expectancy similar to that of settlers in coastal areas. Life expectancy was highest in the Southern Colonies. Men had a shorter life expectancy than women. Life expectancy in New England was exceptionally high.

Life expectancy in New England was exceptionally high.

Which of these is most true about colonial life expectancy in the 1700s? Backcountry settlers had a life expectancy similar to that of settlers in coastal areas. Life expectancy in New England was exceptionally high. Life expectancy was highest in the Southern Colonies. Men had a shorter life expectancy than women.

Life expectancy in New England was exceptionally high.

What happened in the 1858 Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debates? Lincoln called for the full and immediate abolition of slavery. Douglas asserted that slavery was not moral, but still legal. Lincoln argued that slavery threatened the growth of white free labor. Both men agreed on the inevitability of a civil war over slavery.

Lincoln argued that slavery threatened the growth of white free labor.

When trying to decipher large amounts of information, which of these is NOT helpful? Create meaningful connections and use strategies that will help you learn what you need to know. Figure out an easier way to remember through organization strategies or logical connections. Maintain quick movement of your eyes over every row of words until you've finished the reading. Notice what you are reading and keep your brain alert to the main ideas in the text.

Maintain quick movement of your eyes over every row of words until you've finished the reading.

Which best describes the effect that laws, such as the Intolerable Acts, had on the American colonists' identity? It reinforced the status of colonists as subjects to the monarch. Showing the futility of rebellion, it undermined the revolutionary sentiments of colonists. Many colonists began to define themselves as being in opposition to the British government. Colonists saw themselves as united Americans as it lessened regional, class, and racial divisions.

Many colonists began to define themselves as being in opposition to the British government.

Which is true of American slaves in the antebellum South? Blacks had weaker family ties than did whites, due to uncertainty. After age three, slave children could not be sold. Newly arrived plantation slaves were often shunned by the black community. Many were Christians who spoke a variation of pidgin, valuing music and dance.

Many were Christians who spoke a variation of pidgin, valuing music and dance.

Which of these was true of African societies before 1607? African peoples were widely spread out in organizations no larger than tribes. Many were matrilineal: property passed through the mother's line. The demand for labor on cotton plantations caused the largest number of Africans to be enslaved. Africans had never experienced slavery before European ships arrived.

Many were matrilineal: property passed through the mother's line.

Which of these was NOT a reason why Europe was more willing and ready to explore across the Atlantic by 1492 than it had been in earlier centuries? The European population had grown significantly since the ravages of the Black Death. Marco Polo had developed a better kind of ship for exploring the Atlantic Ocean, the caravel. European nations became more united and powerful under kings and queens. There was a growing demand in Europe for Asian products such as spices, cloths, and dyes.

Marco Polo had developed a better kind of ship for exploring the Atlantic Ocean, the caravel.

Which of the following is NOT true of the new form of politics emerging in the 1820s and 1830s? Alexis de Tocqueville closely observed the increased amount of democracy. Martin Van Buren was disgusted with the return of political parties. Issues were sometimes avoided in favor of promoting a candidate's image. Parties were defended as organizations helpful to the nation and its politics.

Martin Van Buren was disgusted with the return of political parties.

Whose presidential aspirations were strengthened and whose were weakened by the Eaton Affair? Henry Clay, Daniel Webster Roger B. Taney, John Marshall Martin Van Buren, John C. Calhoun Frank Blair, DeWitt Clinton

Martin Van Buren, John C. Calhoun

Which statement best supports the nature of the economy in America by the nineteenth century, according to details in Grimke's argument? Land ownership was the only source of building wealth and prestige. People saw unlimited opportunities for social and economic mobility. More and more incomes were earned outside of the home. The household remained important as a center of production.

More and more incomes were earned outside of the home.

Starting with Massachusetts in 1780, why were revised state constitutions different from their earlier structure? The power of the state's governor was further restricted. Separation between church and state was weakened. More limits were placed on popular power in the government. Slavery was abolished in several southern states.

More limits were placed on popular power in the government.

Which statement regarding colonial higher education is true? American colleges placed a low value on recent European scientific theories. Parliament regulated the establishment of American colleges. Most colonial leaders after 1700 went abroad to study. Most early colleges were founded by religious groups.

Most early colleges were founded by religious groups.

Which of the following was NOT typical in the English indenture system? Most indentured servants received significant land upon completion of their contracts. Female indentured servants were typically not allowed to marry while under contract. The presence of indentured servants was a source of social unrest. Contracts for indentures generally lasted four to five years.

Most indentured servants received significant land upon completion of their contracts.

How did the Revolution affect Native Americans? Most of the tribes that took sides aided the British. Most tribes felt they had no choice but to actively aid the colonials. Indian tribes were much wealthier due to both sides providing supplies. The Cherokees and Iroquois were stronger; most of the other tribes were weaker.

Most of the tribes that took sides aided the British.

Which of the following is most directly an effect or outgrowth of the movement represented in the above illustration? the transition from arranged marriages to marriages based on affection, because of the ideal of individual free will a sharp decline in membership in formal churches throughout the nation the predominance of women in various moral and social reform efforts of the nineteenth century an increasing distinction between the spheres of home and work in American society

NOT a sharp decline in membership in formal churches throughout the nation

The development of organized events like that shown in the above illustration was a reaction against ________. the growth of Social Darwinism as a philosophy seeping into the nation's schools the spread of Enlightenment ideals of rationalism and individualism into religious beliefs the spread of Western Christianity among the Native American populations in the frontier the influence of a religious evangelistic fervor spreading throughout the regions of the country

NOT: the growth of Social Darwinism as a philosophy seeping into the nation's schools

What happened as a result of the U.S. government's Indian policy in the 1830s and 1840s? The United States lost control of ten million acres of Indian lands. Nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi. New federal attempts were made to assimilate Indian tribes into white society. All Indian tribes were forced to intermingle on one large reservation.

Nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

English colonizing in the 1500s can best be described in what way? One failed attempt after another. As extensive as Spanish colonizing. Almost complete success in North America. Finally a successful colony!

One failed attempt after another.

A distinct colonial merchant class was formed by the mid-eighteenth century. Why did this happen? Outside the British Empire, colonists were engaging in illegal market trade. The British Navigation Acts were abolished. The government granted access to non-British ships to carry colonial trade. A substantial manufacturing industry rose within the colonies.

Outside the British Empire, colonists were engaging in illegal market trade.

Who won the English Civil War by 1649? Parliament Cavaliers Royalists King Charles I

Parliament

Because of the English Civil War, ________. Puritans were suppressed and no longer a significant force in the country Cavaliers formed joint-stock companies and founded most of the British colonies Parliament fell and the restored monarch granted American land to faithful supporters Charles II converted to Judaism and declared full religious toleration.

Parliament fell and the restored monarch granted American land to faithful supporters

What does recent scholarship suggest about the earliest Americans? Far larger populations than historians previously thought came to the Americas before 15,000 BC. People migrated to the Americas from a far greater diversity of places than historians thought before. Far more wars occurred between the earliest groups of Americans than historians had known before. Far better technology was brought by the earliest Americans from their previous homelands than historians had thought before.

People migrated to the Americaa from a far greater diversity of places than historians thought before.

Of the following statements about the Southern aristocratic ideal, which is FALSE? Particular emphasis was placed on the proper roles and defense of white women. Plantation owners prided themselves on their strong sense of egalitarianism. Upper-class Southern whites pretended to avoid such "coarse" occupations as trade and commerce. Wealthy Southern whites adopted an elaborate code of honor and chivalry.

Plantation owners prided themselves on their strong sense of egalitarianism.

Of the following, which is correct about the Constitution? Power was significantly split between the national and state governments. All national government officials were given carefully defined term limits. The branches of the national government could not interfere in the business of the others. It kept sovereignty in the states even though it strengthened the national government's powers.

Power was significantly split between the national and state governments.

Why did Texas not immediately join the United States in 1836? not many Texans wanted to be part of the United States. Supporters of Manifest Destiny were opposed to the addition. President Andrew Jackson worried about increasing sectional tension. Texas was declared a colony by England and its global empire.

President Andrew Jackson worried about increasing sectional tension.

The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 saw ________. violent clashes between urban merchants and American troops President Washington lead thousands of troops into the field the federal government conduct itself much as it did during Shays's Rebellion a failed attempt by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union

President Washington lead thousands of troops into the field

What happened during The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794? The federal government conducted itself much as it did during Shays' Rebellion. Violent clashes occurred between urban merchants and American troops. Pennsylvania failed to secede from the Union. President Washington led thousands of troops into the field

President Washington led thousands of troops into the field

Which is NOT true of American railroads in the 1850s? Railroads weakened the connection between the Northwest and the South. Long-distance rail lines weakened the dependence of the West on the Mississippi River. Chicago was the railroad center of the West. Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development.

Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development.

Which of these was true about education in the early nineteenth century? Most doctors and lawyers were trained in the new medical and legal schools. The federal government paid the costs of primary schools. Private schools were the most common institutions of learning nationwide. There was a nationwide system of free public schools for all male citizens.

Private schools were the most common institutions of learning nationwide.

Which was true about education in the early nineteenth century? Most doctors and lawyers were trained in new medical and legal schools. Private schools were the most common institutions of learning nationwide. A nationwide system of free public schools for all male citizens was created. The federal government paid the major costs of primary schools.

Private schools were the most common institutions of learning nationwide.

What was the most important change in politics in the early 1800s? Women in certain western states were able to vote. Discrimination by race ended in voting. The Thirteenth Amendment set a minimum age for voters. Property qualifications for voting were eliminated.

Property qualifications for voting were eliminated.

What happened as Republicans planned for Reconstruction? President Lincoln refused to have conditions placed on the Confederate states. Moderates supported South re-admittance without black rights requirements Conservatives sought to readmit the Confederate states. Radicals wanted punishment for white Southerners.

Radicals wanted punishment for white Southerners.

The most rebellious of the New England Colonies that grew out of Massachusetts (at least in the minds of the leaders of Massachusetts) was ________. Maine Connecticut Rhode Island New Hampshire

Rhode Island

To many American colonists, which of the following ideals most justified their general political response to laws such as those above? Establishment of a social contract to justify rule by a single authority Separation of religious affairs from political management Belief in the value of human reason over superstition Rule by the people, under a more directly representative government

Rule by the people, under a more directly representative government

The Spanish expanded into California and fortified it largely due to concerns about the ________. Virginians Germans Puritans Russians

Russians

Of the "Five Civilized Tribes," which tribe most resisted the pressures of removal? Creek Seminole Chickasaw Choctaw

Seminole

Which of the "Five Civilized Tribes" resisted removal the most? Chickasaw Seminole Creek Choctaw

Seminole

Which of the following is true of the population and settlement trends in the United States in the 1800s? Several cities away from the East Coast started to become large because they provided services for farmers. By 1860, the population in towns of 2,500 or more was higher in the South than in the North for the first time. The overwhelming majority of immigrants who arrived before 1860 came from the nations of Italy and Russia Between 1800 and 1830, immigration was the most significant factor in the nation's population growth.

Several cities away from the East Coast started to become large because they provided services for farmers.

What happened with slavery during and after the Revolution? Fewer slave owners manumitted their slaves than before the war. Slavery was abolished by the Continental Congress in the Articles of Confederation. Slavery was abolished in northern states and maintained in southern states. The British never tried to emancipate slaves any more than the Americans did.

Slavery was abolished in northern states and maintained in southern states.

Which of the following developments in British-American relations most likely led to the writing of the above document? Some colonists destroyed property in protesting a British government policy. Many American colonists always sought to directly resist British political authority. Patriot leaders signed a formal declaration of independence from Great Britain. Britain fought an expensive war in North America to protect its colonial interests.

Some colonists destroyed property in protesting a British government policy.

Which colonial region grew the most valuable cash crops? South Middle Far West New England

South

During the Civil War, what happened in the Confederacy? Political parties became more formal and influential. Southern politicians strongly united in support of the war and secession. President Jefferson Davis became known for reckless political action. Southern states resisted the Davis government to exert authority.

Southern states resisted the Davis government to exert authority.

The Native Americans north of Mexico who irrigated the most and depended on farming the most lived in the ________. Great Plains Eastern Woodlands Arctic Southwest

Southwest

Where did Spain have settlements north of Mexico by 1607? St. Augustine and Santa Fe Argentina and Brazil Encomiendas and Balboa. California and Texas

St. Augustine and Santa Fe

Which statement is true of the South's secession? By June 1861, all slave states had seceded. States in the Deep South were the first to secede. No compromises were made to keep the states in the Union. The first state to leave the Union was North Carolina.

States in the Deep South were the first to secede.

What did John C. Calhoun argue in his doctrine of nullification? All laws related to a state's economic development should come from that state. States, not Congress, should ratify amendments to the Constitution. There should not be a federal court system, only state courts. States were the final authority on the constitutionality of federal laws.

States were the final authority on the constitutionality of federal laws.

Which shows the correct order of events? Tea Act, Coercive Acts, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, First Continental Congress Tea Act, Lexington and Concord, Boston Tea Party, First Continental Congress, Coercive Acts Tea Act, First Continental Congress, Coercive Acts, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord Tea Act, Boston Tea Party, Coercive Acts, First Continental Congress, Lexington and Concord

Tea Act, Boston Tea Party, Coercive Acts, First Continental Congress, Lexington and Concord

What happened between the Patriots and Loyalists during and after the Revolution? Patriots passed the "Loyalty Act" through the Continental Congress to imprison all Loyalists. Tens of thousands of Loyalists left the country, sometimes due to Patriot pressure. Loyalists were usually in control of most significant cities and towns in the colonies. Patriots and Loyalists put their differences behind them to fight the war more effectively.

Tens of thousands of Loyalists left the country, sometimes due to Patriot pressure.

Regarding the Era of Good Feelings, which of these statements is accurate? The American president tried to support the independence of nations that had recently broken away from Spain. The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations not to aid or trade with Native Americans anymore. John Marshall ruled in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) that the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional. The Panic of 1819 caused almost all Americans to trust banks more to provide greater financial stability.

The American president tried to support the independence of nations that had recently broken away from Spain.

Which of these is accurate about events during the Era of Good Feelings? The American president tried to support the independence of nations that had recently broken away from Spain. The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations not to aid or trade with Native Americans anymore. The Panic of 1819 caused almost all Americans to trust banks more to provide greater financial stability. John Marshall ruled in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) that the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional.

The American president tried to support the independence of nations that had recently broken away from Spain.

What happened before the Philadelphia Convention of 1787? The Annapolis Convention accomplished very little officially except issuing a call for the Philadelphia Convention the next year. The end of Shays' Rebellion persuaded many people that it was not necessary to have a more powerful national government Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress had become a powerful body in its fixed capitol in Philadelphia. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison led the successful drive to amend the Articles to allow the national government power to tax.

The Annapolis Convention accomplished very little officially except issuing a call for the Philadelphia Convention the next year.

Of the following, which is true regarding the early fighting in the Revolution from 1775 to early 1776? Colonials won a bloody victory while holding on to a crucial position of one of their major cities. Colonials won areas they invaded but failed to recapture their most important city. The British hoped to inspire the Loyalists to support imperial unity. The British hoped by punishing the most rebellious area, the colonies would be pacified.

The British hoped by punishing the most rebellious area, the colonies would be pacified.

Which of these is true regarding the early fighting in the Revolution from 1775 to early 1776? Colonials won a bloody victory on Bunker Hill and used that position to liberate the city. Colonials successfully invaded Canada but failed to hold on to New York City. The British hoped to inspire the Loyalists of the Southern Colonies to support imperial unity. The British occupied a very rebellious city for about a year before deciding to abandon it.

The British occupied a very rebellious city for about a year before deciding to abandon it.

What happened in the final phase (1778-1781) of the American Revolution? A policy of "total war" was made by the British, causing cities to be burned down. The British overestimated the support they'd receive from American Loyalists. The violence between Americans greatly declined. There was a focused effort by the British to win support in the North.

The British overestimated the support they'd receive from American Loyalists.

What happened soon after the end of the Revolution in 1783? The Spanish gave American traders access to the Mississippi. The Spanish military occupied frontier regions of southern states. Great Britain withdrew its soldiers from its forts in the new United States. The British restricted the access of American merchants to British markets.

The British restricted the access of American merchants to British markets.

Which of these is true of the middle phase of the Revolution, from later 1776 to 1778? The British won most of the battles with the aid of the Dutch and the Spanish. The British invaded and captured Boston then drove Washington's force completely out of the state by the winter. The British were able to capture the colonials' capitol and force the Continental Army to spend a miserable winter nearby. British forces successfully cut off New England by moving an army down from Canada and another up from New York City.

The British were able to capture the colonials' capitol and force the Continental Army to spend a miserable winter nearby.

What happened with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? It only applied to the state of California and not the rest of the country. The Chinese were banned from becoming naturalized citizens in the United States. The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional .It caused half of the Chinese in the United States to be deported.

The Chinese were banned from becoming naturalized citizens in the United States.

In the Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee tribes. What did President Jackson decide? The entire process of the removal of the Indians was unconstitutional. The tribes under Black Hawk and his son could remain on their lands in the Appalachians. The Court could not enforce the rulings, and Jackson would interpret the Constitution for himself. Georgia could remove the Cherokee tribes if it served the "public good."

The Court could not enforce the rulings, and Jackson would interpret the Constitution for himself.

During the course of the Civil War, which of these events occurred? English textile workers resented and opposed the Union for being fired. England and France's ruling classes strongly opposed the Confederacy. The English and French came closest to recognizing the Confederacy before Antietam. The Trent Affair strengthened the North's ties with England after Gettysburg.

The English and French came closest to recognizing the Confederacy before Antietam.

What stopped the strong imperial consolidation of James II? The Glorious Revolution The Navigation Acts The Saugus Iron Works The Dominion of New England

The Glorious Revolution

Which of these is true of the civilizations of Mesoamerica before 1492? All civilizations in that time and place lived by hunting and gathering. The Aztecs lost a series of major wars to the Incas. The Mayans developed their agriculture, mathematical system, and calendar beyond what earlier peoples had done. The correct chronological sequence of civilizations was Mayan, Aztec, Olmec.

The Mayans developed their agriculture, mathematical system, and calendar beyond what earlier peoples had done.

What was the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)? Abolishment of slavery by states was not allowed. The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Unless slaves moved to a free state, they were property. Under federal law, Scott must be freed.

The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

Which major development of the 1500s and 1600s added a strong new religious division to the colonizing countries? The Renaissance The Enlightenment The Endarkenment The Reformation

The Reformation

Which of these did NOT happen as a result of Jackson's veto of the bank? Roger B. Taney became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The United States had no central banking system for the rest of the 1800s. Federal deposits were removed from the BUS and put in state "pet" banks. The U.S. economy entered the longest period of sustained growth in the century.

The U.S. economy entered the longest period of sustained growth in the century.

What happened with the elections of 1876? The outcome was decided by the Supreme Court. The Redeemers took charge of the national government. A Democrat was elected president for the first time since the Civil War. The candidate who had the most popular votes was not elected.

The candidate who had the most popular votes was not elected.

Which statement regarding slavery in English North America in 1700 is false? Blacks were heavily concentrated in a few Southern Colonies. The demand for slaves led to a steady rise in the prices paid for them. There were twice as many black men as black women. Blacks outnumbered whites in some areas.

The demand for slaves led to a steady rise in the prices paid for them.

Which statement about the economy of the New England Colonies is true? The economy was more diverse than in the Southern Colonies. Planters were more likely than the Southern Colonies to rely on slave labor. Conditions for cash-crop farming were more favorable than in the Southern Colonies. They manufactured little and imported almost all their products from England.

The economy was more diverse than in the Southern Colonies.

What was the most significant part of the Columbian Exchange? The long-term consequences of coffee. The profits made from growing tobacco. The impact of turkeys on the Old World. The effects of diseases in the New World.

The effects of diseases in the New World.

What did Frederick Jackson Turner claim in "The Significance of the Frontier in American History"? The expansion of the United States northward and southward into Canada and Mexico would create new frontier land. The wars between the whites and Indians in the west were a national disgrace. Frontier land had little practical use for Americans. The ending of the "frontier" marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life.

The ending of the "frontier" marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life.

Which of these could Columbus correctly be called? The first navigator to accurately map the Americas The first human to set foot on any part of the Americas: North, Central, or South The first person to discover the Americas for Europe in a way that made a big difference The first European to find any part of the Americas

The first person to discover the Americas for Europe in a way that made a big difference

Before 1492, which of the following is true of the civilizations of Mesoamerica? Civilizations in the south developed less elaborate societies than those in the north. The correct timelines of civilizations are as follows: Mayan, Aztec, Olmec. The first truly complex civilization began in approximately 1000 B.C. All civilizations survived only through hunting and gathering.

The first truly complex civilization began in approximately 1000 B.C.

Which of these was true of the colonies in the first half of the 1700s? Their British government enforced the Navigation Acts more strictly than ever. The Albany Plan of Union was the first example of successful cooperation between the colonies. The governments in the colonies generally grew stronger than they had been before. Most American colonists did not think of themselves as British and hoped for independence.

The governments in the colonies generally grew stronger than they had been before.

Which of these statements about the effects of the American Revolution is FALSE? The ideals of the Revolution largely dismantled the patriarchal legal system over the next generation. The outcome of the war largely weakened the position of Native Americans, especially those who actively fought. Abigail Adams was not satisfied with the actions of the Continental Congress on the reforms she suggested. Joseph and Mary Brant and those who supported them were in a weaker position than they had been before.

The ideals of the Revolution largely dismantled the patriarchal legal system over the next generation.

In the United States around 1880, what was happening? The nation was expanding westward in North America. The nation was becoming deeply involved in foreign affairs. The nation was seriously industrializing. The nation was fighting in the Cold War.

The nation was seriously industrializing.

What was going on in the United States in 1880? The colonies were revolting against the British. The country was worried about the Soviet Union. The United States was becoming deeply involved in foreign affairs. The nation was seriously industrializing.

The nation was seriously industrializing.

What happened during Grant's presidency? President Grant was convicted of profiteering in scandals. The nation's largest infrastructure project was corrupt. President Grant's officials were either incompetent or corrupt. Congress hounded top cabinet officials.

The nation's largest infrastructure project was corrupt.

Why was creating the Carolina colony significant? The founders of Carolina discouraged using slaves on their newly created settlement. The new colony attracted a number of settlers from neighboring colonies to move. The economy of this new colony gained success through tobacco production. The north and south regions held distinct economic and social differences.

The north and south regions held distinct economic and social differences.

Which of these was NOT true of Republicans' relations with the judicial branch during the Jefferson presidency? Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801. The president vetoed Marbury v. Madison. Congress removed Judge John Pickering from office. The House impeached Justice Samuel Chase.

The president vetoed Marbury v. Madison.

Which of these is NOT true about the decade after the War of 1812? The Missouri Compromise largely solved the problems which the Tallmadge Amendment caused. President Monroe was the last president of the country who was from the generation that served in the Revolution. The rulings of the Marshall Court generally upheld contracts and the sectional interests of the states. The United States acquired Florida from the Spanish after an invasion of that area led by Andrew Jackson.

The rulings of the Marshall Court generally upheld contracts and the sectional interests of the states.

Passage of the financial programs represented in the above graphic reflects which viewpoint in the debates within the newly formed United States over interpretation of the Constitution? The view of those who argued that the Constitution allowed for broader powers of Congress than what it listed. The view of those who argued that the Constitution was vague in outlining the powers of Congress. The view of those who argued for strict interpretation of the Constitution. The view of those who argued that Congress could not exercise powers that the Constitution did not explicitly enumerate.

The view of those who argued that the Constitution allowed for broader powers of Congress than what it listed.

Which of the following best describes the reasoning behind the financial program adopted by the early U.S. government shown in the above graphic? Congress did not consider long-term economic investment to be in the nation's best interests. States were eager to turn over the management of their affairs to the central federal government. The wealthy lenders who would fund the national debt would have a direct interest in a strong and successful national government. Early Republican lawmakers were reluctant to enact any kind of direct or indirect taxes.

The wealthy lenders who would fund the national debt would have a direct interest in a strong and successful national government.

Which of these is a reason the English grew more interested in the Americas in the 1500s? They rejected the doctrines of mercantilism that were so popular in other European nations. They wanted to spread Catholicism to areas of the Americas the Spanish had been unable to reach. There was a greater desire for land, something increasingly scarce in England thanks to wool production. English explorers were eager to conquer large areas of land and form their own empire to rival that of Spain.

There was a greater desire for land, something increasingly scarce in England thanks to wool production.

What did the Townshend Acts do? They caused Parliament to modify taxation into a more acceptable form for the colonies. They reduced enforcement by British troops more than the Stamp Act had done previously. They lessened protests by the colonists and garnered support by the Sons of Liberty. They caused severe protesting resulting in many colonials being killed by British troops.

They caused Parliament to modify taxation into a more acceptable form for the colonies.

What is true about The Articles of Confederation? They were intended to be a short-term government until the Constitution could be written after the war ended. They created a surprisingly strong national executive for a nation in the process of breaking away from a king. They set up a two-house national legislature with voting by population in one house and by state in the other. They gave sovereignty to states, which would have a much stronger direct influence on citizens than the national government would.

They gave sovereignty to states, which would have a much stronger direct influence on citizens than the national government would.

What is true of the Alien and Sedition Acts? They were proposed as measures necessary for the ongoing economic prosperity of the country. They were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Lyon v. United States. They gave the federal government power to declare martial law thanks to the Kentucky Resolutions. They gave the federal government effective authority to stifle public criticism.

They gave the federal government effective authority to stifle public criticism.

Which is true of the Alien and Sedition Acts? They gave the federal government power to declare martial law due to the Kentucky Resolutions. They were proposed as necessary measures for the economic prosperity of the country. They were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Lyon v. United States case. They gave the federal government effective authority to stifle public criticism.

They gave the federal government effective authority to stifle public criticism.

Which of these allowed European nations to explore the Atlantic better by the 1400s than they had before? Religious restrictions on sailing the seas had been ended. They had stronger monarchs who could sponsor such voyages. They had finally conquered the Mongols. They had direct access to the wealth of Asia to finance these expeditions.

They had stronger monarchs who could sponsor such voyages.

Which statement best explains how U.S. Supreme Court rulings allowed laws in the South to bypass the fourteenth Amendment? They ruled in civil rights cases that separate facilities for races violated the principle of equal rights. They did not hear any cases that challenged the fourteenth Amendment due to the principles of Federalism. They interpreted the fourteenth Amendment to apply to governments and not private organizations or individuals. They ruled in civil rights cases that racial separation with facilities was better than total exclusion of blacks from the country.

They interpreted the fourteenth Amendment to apply to governments and not private organizations or individuals.

Which of the following best describes the effect of laws such as the one above on American colonists' identity? They undermined revolutionary sentiments of colonists by showing the futility of rebellion. They lessened regional, class, and racial divisions as colonists saw themselves as united Americans. They reinforced colonists' status as subjects to the authority of the monarch. They moved many colonists to define themselves in opposition to the British government.

They moved many colonists to define themselves in opposition to the British government.

Which statement is true of Jacksonian Democrats? They praised President Jackson as "King Andrew I." The party was strongest among the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast. They faced little political opposition by the mid-1830s. They usually emphasized limited government and strict construction.

They usually emphasized limited government and strict construction

Which of the following statements is true of Jacksonian Democrats? They faced little political opposition by the mid-1830s. They usually emphasized limited government and strict construction. The party was strongest among the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast. They praised President Jackson as "King Andrew I."

They usually emphasized limited government and strict construction.

What is true of the delegates to the Philadelphia Convention in 1787? They were generally better educated and wealthier than the typical citizen of the time. They decided unanimously that slavery would be upheld without restriction in the country. They agreed on all the major points of the Virginia Plan and made them part of the new government. They welcomed the possibility of more representation and even direct democracy.

They were generally better educated and wealthier than the typical citizen of the time.

Who wrote most of the Declaration of Independence? Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson John Hancock John Adams

Thomas Jefferson

Where was Washington able to beat the British in 1776? Trenton Saratoga Philadelphia Long Island

Trenton

All of these beliefs were included in the Manifest Destiny EXCEPT ________. U.S. expansion was acceptable but Mexico and Canada were to be left untouched the United States was destined for expansion by God and history a new and vast "empire of liberty" should be established by the United States the United States' growth was altruistic, not selfish

U.S. expansion was acceptable but Mexico and Canada were to be left untouched

Of the following, which is NOT a way the Washington administration helped put the constitutional system into effect? Executive departments were created and secretaries appointed. Veto over state laws by Congress was clarified and first used. The Bill of Rights was written and ratified by 1791.The federal courts were more specifically defined.

Veto over state laws by Congress was clarified and first used.

Why isn't history always the same as reality? We do not have direct access to past events but have to work through sources. Too much time has gone by for a realistic history to be written. Those who write history are always trying to make someone look bad. It is too expensive to write fully accurate history.

We do not have direct access to past events but have to work through sources.

What was land ownership in the South like during Reconstruction? Millions of acres of land were distributed to freedman by the Freedmen's Bureau. Lands of Confederate leaders were confiscated by the federal government. White land ownership decreased and black land ownership increased. Plantations abandoned during the Civil War remained vacant.

White land ownership decreased and black land ownership increased.

What happened at the start of the Lowell factory system? Workers were paid well and lived in supervised dormitories. Workers continued working in the mills until retirement. Part of the production system involved craftsmen. The workday ended when production quotas were met.

Workers were paid well and lived in supervised dormitories.

The election of 1796 saw ________. John Adams become president on the Republican ticket a Federalist president and a Republican vice president take office the Republicans win the presidency for the first time the House of Representatives determine the presidential victor

a Federalist president and a Republican vice president take office

Due to the English Civil War, ________. the Puritans were sharply suppressed and ceased to be a significant force in that country the Cavaliers formed a few joint-stock companies that founded most of the British colonies in the Caribbean and some of the thirteen colonies a Puritan-backed government would eventually fall and a restored monarch would pay off some of his debts to his supporters by giving them American lands British Redcoats in the Americas were left without central direction and sometimes committed violent acts against the colonists

a Puritan-backed government would eventually fall and a restored monarch would pay off some of his debts to his supporters by giving them American lands

Virginia and New York ratified the new Constitution under the assumption that ________. Thomas Jefferson would become the first president it would not be ratified by enough other states to become binding a bill of rights would be added later, in the form of amendments there would be an immediate ban on the importation of slaves

a bill of rights would be added later, in the form of amendments

What was the Declaration of Independence? a document that called for the formation of a two-party democracy a document never formally approved by the Second Continental Congress a document that avoided making any direct criticism of the king of England a document put together using pieces from previously published colonial documents

a document put together using pieces from previously published colonial documents

Which of these did the new United States NOT win in the Treaty of Paris at the end of the war? a key role in the French Revolution land up to the Mississippi removal of British military forces independence from England

a key role in the French Revolution

Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas? a merchant who was so concerned for Native Americans that he became a priest a duke who strictly enforced the New Laws passed by the king of Spain in the Americas a writer who never really spent time in the Americas but wrote a lot about them a conquistador who tried to lead his own expedition to follow in the footsteps of Cortés

a merchant who was so concerned for Native Americans that he became a priest

What was the Stamp Act of 1765? a policy that only affected a few New England merchants a policy that was consistent with traditional parliamentary efforts to regulate commerce a policy that required the consent of the colonial assemblies before going into effect a policy that sparked opposing feelings between the colonists and the English government

a policy that sparked opposing feelings between the colonists and the English government

The so-called "corrupt bargain" of 1824 involved ________. illegal contracts between the State Department and private corporations a political deal to determine the outcome of the presidential election federal funds for internal improvements to certain states in exchange for electoral votes the sale of public land to supporters of the Monroe administration

a political deal to determine the outcome of the presidential election

What did the "corrupt bargain" of 1824 involve? a political deal to determine the outcome of the presidential election federal funds for internal improvements to certain states in exchange for electoral votes the sale of public land to supporters of the Monroe administration illegal contracts between the State Department and private corporations

a political deal to determine the outcome of the presidential election federal funds for internal

The most important things regarding the point of view of a historical source are things that ________. affect how we might understand and use the information in that source have correct grammar and word usage fit in with what we expect to find in a source from that time period agree with the important principles upon which this country was founded

affect how we might understand and use the information in that source

What did the United States do under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? officially acquired Texas agreed to pay millions to Mexico created an open border with Mexico established an American protectorate over Mexico

agreed to pay millions to Mexico

Among other things, William Penn and his Quakers believed in the radical idea (for the times) that ________. they should dress as ornately as possible to symbolize their status as children of God the Native Americans ought to be eradicated if they did not convert only their religion should be allowed in their colony all people were essentially equal before God so there should not be social distinctions

all people were essentially equal before God so there should not be social distinctions

The exchanges that occurred between the Old World and the New World ________. allowed for events to take place that favored the European colonizers did not benefit the New World because the Old World gave nothing prevented New World crops from becoming a major resource to the rest of the world led more Americans to travel to Europe than Europeans to the Americas

allowed for events to take place that favored the European colonizers

Due to the Tea Act of 1773, ________. the opposition of those who believed in the ideals of "republicanism" was reduced since the act promoted the common good. the price of tea for the colonists was raised significantly even though colonial merchants still controlled the trade. almost all of the colonies united in opposition to British policies for the first time a few years of relaxed tensions between the colonies and the British government occurred

almost all of the colonies united in opposition to British policies for the first time

Before the Philadelphia Convention ________. the Confederation Congress received more support and passed many more significant laws nationalist delegates from all the colonies started creating a more powerful national government Shays's Rebellion made many states more cautious about sending delegates to Philadelphia an increasing number of people felt the national government needed to be given the power to tax

an increasing number of people felt the national government needed to be given the power to tax

President Thomas Jefferson's policy on Native Americans included ________. an offer to Native Americans to become settled farmers and join white society or migrate west an offer to Native Americans to have full citizenship in the United States and the right to vote an offer to enforce treaties more rigidly if Native Americans gave up land in the Southwest an offer to Native Americans to reorganize their territory as a separate state in the Union

an offer to Native Americans to become settled farmers and join white society or migrate west

A source in history is ________. anything that can say something about the event in question a written document that can tell us about the past anything that has ever existed something someone famous in history produced

anything that can say something about the event in question

During the debate over the Constitution, Antifederalists ________. believed the new government did not have enough strength to maintain order argued that the Constitution would limit individual liberty were better financed and organized than the Federalists had the support of Benjamin Franklin and George Washington

argued that the Constitution would limit individual liberty

In the debate over the Constitution, Antifederalists ________. were better organized and financed than the Federalists believed the new government was not strong enough to maintain order had the support of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin argued that the Constitution would limit individual liberty

argued that the Constitution would limit individual liberty

To understand a source's point of view, you should ________. compare your opinion to that of the author see how the ideas relate to each other ask the "reporters' questions" go through the "ABCs"

ask the "reporters' questions"

The greatest U.S. military success during the actual War of 1812 happened ________. during the invasion of Canada in 1812 due to the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814 in defense of Washington, DC, in 1814

at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814

To assess the credibility of a source, pay close attention to its ________. when, how, and where main idea and supporting ideas authority, bias, and content creator, date, and method

authority, bias, and content

In 1833, President Andrew Jackson attempted to ________ in order to end the nullification crisis. raise the "tariff of abominations" higher than it already was sign an agreement to implement John C. Calhoun's demands authorize the use of the military to enforce acts of Congress shift the power of judicial review to the states

authorize the use of the military to enforce acts of Congress

The most important and popular American paintings of the first half of the nineteenth century set out to ________. produce scenes of American aristocracy at play awaken the wonder of the nation's landscape create realistic depictions of rural white American life portray the Founding Fathers hard at work

awaken the wonder of the nation's landscape

The Homestead Act of 1862 ________. provided 160 acres to all settlers to move West without conditions applied only to public lands within a state became expanded by the Timber Culture Act and the Desert Lands Act caused complaints by settlers in the Plains for too large plots for grain farming

became expanded by the Timber Culture Act and the Desert Lands Act

Ending the War of 1812, the Treaty of Ghent ________. included the condition that the United States create a Native American buffer state in the Northwest was reluctantly negotiated by the British, who loathed discussions with Americans placed huge new lands under the control of the United States began to enhance relations between England and the United States

began to enhance relations between England and the United States

The Treaty of Ghent that ended the War of 1812 ________. put huge new lands under the control of the United States began to improve relations between England and the United States included the condition that the United States create a Native American buffer state in the Northwest was reluctantly negotiated by the British who despised discussions with Americans

began to improve relations between England and the United States

Tecumseh ________. encouraged Native American assimilation into the United States to save their lives believed the only effective means to resist white settlers was tribal unity cooperated with Harrison and discouraged American slaves from escaping to Florida recruited "War Hawks" to fight with him in the Battle of Tippecanoe

believed the only effective means to resist white settlers was tribal unity

The Declaration of Independence ________. avoided making any direct criticism of the king called for the formation of a two-party democracy borrowed heavily from previously published colonial documents was never formally approved by the Second Continental Congress

borrowed heavily from previously published colonial documents

Which portrayal of Andrew Jackson has never entirely gone away in historical interpretations of his career? advocate of white supremacy friend to national development champion of the common people promoter of democracy and equality

champion of the common people

Of the following statements, which is true regarding the agriculture on the Great Plains and westward in the late 1800s? farm families in America were isolated from world production effects commercial farmers were not self-sufficient prices for American farm goods rose the reality of farming was exactly like its popular image

commercial farmers were not self-sufficient

Most of the Declaration of Independence is made up of ________. philosophy complaints a list of rights amendments

complaints

The English colonial settlements in the Caribbean ________. had a smaller percentage of slaves than that held by the North American colonies concluded it was cheaper to buy new African slaves than to protect those they owned developed their settlements along the same lines as those of the Chesapeake developed significant economic success through building ships

concluded it was cheaper to buy new African slaves than to protect those they owned

In 1763, most of the residents of the thirteen colonies ________. were united in opposition to the policies of George Grenville were unhappy with the outcome of the French and Indian War were strong supporters of the Sugar Act and the Proclamation of 1763 considered themselves loyal subjects of the British Empire

considered themselves loyal subjects of the British Empire

During the American Revolution, enslaved African Americans in the colonies ________. could get their freedom by running away and volunteering to fight for the British had a lower chance of being manumitted by their master than they did before the war were not significantly affected by the so-called "War for Independence" were regularly assisted by the British to escape as a way to disrupt the American war effort

could get their freedom by running away and volunteering to fight for the British

In the first two years of the Civil War, Congress did all of the following EXCEPT ________. build a transcontinental road and make land purchases easier create a national university and a third Bank of the United States increase tariffs to protect the industry and raise revenue to fight the war issue greenbacks, pass an income tax law, and sell bonds

create a national university and a third Bank of the United States

The Embargo Act of 1807 ________. created a serious economic downturn in parts of the economy helped put a Federalist in the White House in 1808 resulted in the Republican loss of control of Congress in 1808 was repealed almost immediately by New Englanders in Congress

created a serious economic downturn in parts of the economy

The institution of slavery within the American South ________. encouraged blacks to develop a society and culture of their own created separate spheres for whites and blacks that greatly affected each other isolated blacks and whites completely from each other was the same on plantations as it was in cities

created separate spheres for whites and blacks that greatly affected each other

The Panic of 1873 ________. started as the Grant administration corruption was revealed placed more paper currency into circulation because of President Grant happened when the Southern crop-lien system fell created the worst economic depression for the nation at that time

created the worst economic depression for the nation at that time

According to the traditional story of archaeologists and anthropologists, before recent discoveries were made, the first Americans ________. came to the Americas in boats from different continents at different times crossed a land bridge connecting ancient Siberia and Alaska arrived not long before the Vikings had always lived in the Americas

crossed a land bridge connecting ancient Siberia and Alaska

What did the Confederate strategy in 1864 involve? Making multiple invasions on the North to destroy major railroads tearing through the Union blockade and exporting more cotton retreating into strong cities and causing massive casualties delaying the Union's offense and defeating Lincoln in November

delaying the Union's offense and defeating Lincoln in November

Which of these was NOT significant for the colonials to secure independence from England? Thomas Paine's Common Sense. the actions of King George III. the ongoing fighting in the war. desires to make all classes equal.

desires to make all classes equal.

In the early eighteenth century, the American Robert Fulton ________. invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts opened the first mechanized cloth factory in the country developed the first practical passenger steamboat built the nation's earliest railroad locomotive

developed the first practical passenger steamboat

In the early eighteenth century, American engineer and inventor Robert Fulton ________. developed the very first practical passenger steamboat invented the cotton gin and its interchangeable parts built the nation's earliest railroad locomotive opened the first mechanized cloth factory in the country

developed the very first practical passenger steamboat

Which of these is NOT an important factor to determine the credibility of a source? bias content author domain

domain

In the "middle grounds," ________. there was little contact between Europeans and Native Americans Native American tribes pushed back European colonies each participant adapted somewhat to the needs of the others European colonies conquered Native American tribes

each participant adapted somewhat to the needs of the others

President Thomas Jefferson ________. restricted the sale of government lands to western settlers eliminated internal taxes but kept the tariff saw a tripling of the national debt increased funding for the army and the navy

eliminated internal taxes but kept the tariff

What did President Thomas Jefferson do regarding the economy? Restricted the sale of government lands to western settlers Increased funding for the army and navy eliminated internal taxes but kept the tariff tripled the national debt

eliminated internal taxes but kept the tariff

What did the crop-lien system and credit system do in the South during reconstruction? saw interest rates rise as high as 20 or 30 percent imposed on blacks, but not white farmers encouraged the planting of cash crops disappeared during Reconstruction

encouraged the planting of cash crops

What did the British government want to do in the colonies after the French and Indian War? tax the colonists so they would pay for the war and much of the British debt establish more political and economic order than had existed before the war resume the state of salutary neglect which had existed before the war encourage colonists to settle the lands won from the French and their Indian allies

establish more political and economic order than had existed before the war

In the 1600s, both the French and Dutch colonists north of Mexico ________. established a highly successful fur trade lived among the natives and married Indian women dominated American colonization in the 1500s established sugar plantations in the Caribbean

established a highly successful fur trade

An important difference between populations in the Chesapeake and in New England was that in the Chesapeake ________. diseases were much less deadly there began to be many more men than women women were not expected to give birth to a lot of children family structures were much less stable

family structures were much less stable

Which of these practices would be most consistent with Native American beliefs in general? meditating for extended periods to put the mind and body in proper harmony studying the right relationships so families and societies could live in peace fasting or dancing to come into closer contact with significant spirits praying to the one true god for wisdom and guidance

fasting or dancing to come into closer contact with significant spirits

The constitutional principle that describes how power is divided between the national and state governments is called ________. popular sovereignty checks and balances federalism limited democracy

federalism

Which of these problems did the Continental Congress have the hardest time with? finding a commander for the Continental Army attracting Europeans to help their cause finding an effective way to finance the war preserving some independence for each state

finding an effective way to finance the war

In the Caribbean, the English colonial settlements ________. mirrored the development of their settlement to the Chesapeake experienced a significant increase in economic success by building ships found it cheaper to buy new African slaves than protect the ones they owned had fewer slaves than the North American colonies

found it cheaper to buy new African slaves than protect the ones they owned

How many kinds of questions will you be asked on the AP U.S. History test? seven nine three four

four

In the 1820s out in the Far West, ________. Mexico closed its trade to American merchants "mountain men" grew wealthy by pioneering settlements farmers flocked to the fertile Great Plains region fur companies supplied the needs of high societies to the east

fur companies supplied the needs of high societies to the east

In the Far West in the 1820s, ________. fur companies supplied the needs of high societies to the east farmers flocked to the fertile Great Plains region "mountain men" grew wealthy by pioneering settlements Mexico had closed its trade to American merchants

fur companies supplied the needs of high societies to the east

What did the Dutch want in North America when they established New Netherland? tobacco silk furs gold

furs

During the progression of the American Revolution, Loyalists ________. were forbidden by the Patriots to move to England until after the war were forced out of the colonies by the Continental Army held offices in the English government and were wealthy had conflicts with the Patriots in their communities, but most stayed in the country

had conflicts with the Patriots in their communities, but most stayed in the country

By 1754, the French and British ________. had recently allied with each other against the Holy Alliance of Spain, Austria, and Russia had fought a series of previous wars in which there had been no definite winner yet in North America had never fought a significant war against each other before the French and Indian War had recently been on the same side of the conflict against the might of the rising threat of Prussia

had fought a series of previous wars in which there had been no definite winner yet in North America

Like New York, the New Jersey colony ________. was dominated by those who owned patroonships had great ethnic and religious diversity had few slaves during its early existence was characterized by a unified and generally peaceful society

had great ethnic and religious diversity

The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s ________. was carried forward entirely by American-born preachers began as a call for young men to become ministers had particular appeal with women and young men helped to smooth differences within existing congregations

had particular appeal with women and young men

Historians of the Constitution ________. have generally concluded the sources don't show a consistent correlation between wealth and support for that document. now believe that the document was written to create a strong, centralized power system more easily managed by the elites. have usually agreed with Charles Beard's views in An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States have never questioned the essential patriotism of those who wrote the document as described by John Fiske

have generally concluded the sources don't show a consistent correlation between wealth and support for that document.

For historians, Las Casas causes difficulties because ________. he did not have any sources for what he asserted he may have oversimplified the characters of the Native Americans and the Spanish due to devotion to his cause he once owned an encomienda so he cannot be trusted in anything he says about Spanish America he is always unreasonable in the conclusions he reached from his sources

he may have oversimplified the characters of the Native Americans and the Spanish due to devotion to his cause

Bartolomé de Las Casas is complicated as a historian because ________. he did not witness any of the things he described because he was too far away from the scene he did not have any legitimate sources to support his conclusions he was a Spanish author who was too sympathetic to the Spanish subjects of his history he was trying very hard to get the New Laws passed in Spain at the time he was writing

he was trying very hard to get the New Laws passed in Spain at the time he was writing

Georgia, the last of the thirteen colonies by far, was founded to guard against the Spanish and to ________. grow sugar attract more indentured servants help debtors sell more African slaves

help debtors

Shays's Rebellion rebelled against ________. poor protection from attacks by Native Americans ongoing British influence high state taxes national land policies

high state taxes

Napoleon decided to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States because ________. the British had threatened to invade the territory he expected to get military support from the United States in exchange he believed the Louisiana Territory was a "great desert" unfit for habitation his hopes for an American empire had been destroyed

his hopes for an American empire had been destroyed

Historians consider Las Casas difficult because _________. his ownership of an encomienda discounts his own credibility the sources he used were not credible the conclusions he made contradicted other sources his passion could have distorted Native American and Spanish characters

his passion could have distorted Native American and Spanish characters

Andrew Jackson won the presidency in 1828 for all of these reasons EXCEPT ________. many of his followers had been campaigning for him since he lost in 1824 his platform pledged to protect American manufacturing and lower taxes he was already known throughout the country for his war record Martin Van Buren's Democratic political organization supported him

his platform pledged to protect American manufacturing and lower taxes

In 1828, Andrew Jackson won the presidential election all of for the following reasons EXCEPT ________. he was already known throughout the country for his war record Martin Van Buren's Democratic political organization supported him his platform pledged to protect American manufacturing and lower taxes many of his followers had been campaigning for him since he lost in 1824

his platform pledged to protect American manufacturing and lower taxes

The Pilgrims and Puritans who came to Massachusetts ________. hoped to create ideal, close-knit Christian communities originally intended to settle in Canada mainly wanted to find a faster sea route to trade with Asia were seeking to escape military service in England

hoped to create ideal, close-knit Christian communities

Washington's foreign policy ________. agreed with Hamilton that he wisest course for the United States was to cooperate with Great Britain leaned toward the Jeffersonian belief that the national military should be kept small hoped to keep the United States out of European affairs and negotiated with those powers that gave us the most trouble tried to make the United States live up to its alliance with France fully despite the radicalism of the French Revolution

hoped to keep the United States out of European affairs and negotiated with those powers that gave us the most trouble

By the mid-eighteenth century, a distinct colonial merchant class came into existence, in part because of ________. illegal colonial trade in markets outside the British Empire new access by non-British ships granted by the government to the colonial carrying trade the development of a substantial colonial manufacturing industry the abolishment of the British Navigation Acts

illegal colonial trade in markets outside the British Empire

Because of the commercial and industrial growth in the United States before 1860, ________. a significant rise in income for all Americans occurred disparities in income between the rich and poor decreased income gaps between the rich and poor increased a significant decrease in income for nearly all Americans occurred

income gaps between the rich and poor increased

Which of the following represents the end goal of the American Colonization Society? a constitutional amendment ending all remaining slavery in the country increasing numbers of free blacks living in Liberia elevated American presence in Latin America to expand slave areas a growing slave rebellion to end bondage as quickly as possible

increasing numbers of free blacks living in Liberia

The 1840s and 1850s for most American farmers was a period of ________. increasing economic, political, and social connections between the North and South extreme economic highs and lows brought on by drastic changes in demand for different crops increasing prosperity as world demand for farm products rose economic decline with most people moving to urban centers

increasing prosperity as world demand for farm products rose

What did the British hope to do in the last phase of the war? defeat Arnold's forces reconquer Canada inspire Loyalist support recapture Boston and Saratoga

inspire Loyalist support

The fighting in the French and Indian War started over ________. trade in eastern Canada shipping and piracy all over the world land in the Ohio River Valley silver in Central America

land in the Ohio River Valley

In his Farewell Address, George Washington ________. looked forward to the time when the United States could be fully independent from foreign politics encouraged the country to continue to follow the Federalist financial plan welcomed the emerging political parties developing in the country pledged full faith to European nations that were friendly to the United States

looked forward to the time when the United States could be fully independent from foreign politics

To understand a source, the first thing to look for is its ________. main idea popularity own sources creator

main idea

To understand the content of historical sources, first you should look for the ________. source material it is based on main idea and supporting ideas place where it was created definitions of the most unusual words

main idea and supporting ideas

Because of the first Great Awakening, ________. individual preachers became less important the Enlightenment was started in the colonies wives and children became more dependent on their families many existing church congregations were divided

many existing church congregations were divided

The driving economic philosophy of all the colonizing countries in this age was ________. humanitarianism Protestantism Puritanism mercantilism

mercantilism

During the Jefferson administration, the British claimed the right to stop American merchant ships and seize ________. any cargo which could be used for military purposes any slaves or slave traders found on board all sailors Americans had impressed from British ships naturalized American sailors born on British soil

naturalized American sailors born on British soil

At the Philadelphia Convention ________. the delegates were fully representative of the classes and races in the country slavery was not considered because the delegates made a deal not to discuss it George Washington wrote the original draft of the Virginia Plan neither the Virginia Plan nor the New Jersey Plan was fully accepted

neither the Virginia Plan nor the New Jersey Plan was fully accepted

The "middle grounds" refers to a region of colonial North America in which ________. French colonists managed to hold the balance of power English colonists quickly became the dominant power no single European or Native American group held clear dominance Native American tribes were largely able to keep European colonists out

no single European or Native American group held clear dominance

By 1700, English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery in part because ________. landowners in the Southern Colonies became less capable of paying indentured servant wages of worsening economic conditions in England of a declining birth rate in England the English government had come to discourage the practice of indenture

of a declining birth rate in England

Martin Van Buren did all of the following EXCEPT ________. pass several acts to combat the depression of 1837 win the presidency over multiple Whig candidates suffer the consequences of the Specie Circular create an independent treasury to hold government money

pass several acts to combat the depression of 1837

Which of the following did Martin Van Buren NOT do? pass several acts to combat the depression of 1837 create an independent treasury to hold government money win the presidency over multiple Whig candidates suffer the consequences of the Specie Circular

pass several acts to combat the depression of 1837

In the 1850s, what did some northern states do to undercut the Fugitive Slave Act? actively funded the underground railroad showed strong support for the Ostend Manifesto passed laws to prevent the deportation of fugitive slaves proposed a national referendum regarding the slave issue

passed laws to prevent the deportation of fugitive slaves

Calling the time from 1815 to 1824 the Era of Good Feelings is an example of ________. fragmentation periodization secondary sources repetition

periodization

Revised state constitutions, starting with Massachusetts's in 1780, were different from earlier state constitutions because they ________. abolished slavery in several southern states weakened the separation between church and state placed more limits on popular power in the government further restricted the power of the state's governor

placed more limits on popular power in the government

What was the Dominion of New England? allowance of self-government of each colony declaration that the Navigation Acts were null and void call to action by King Charles I reducing England's power in the colonies placing of a single royal governor New England and New York

placing of a single royal governor New England and New York

The "Great Compromise" resolved the disagreements regarding ________. political representation the definition of citizenship expansion of slavery into the territories women and voting

political representation

Many farmers in the Northeast before the Civil War ________. increased their growth of wheat and corn produced food to feed nearby towns raised the largest share of cattle in the country moved south to take part in the cotton boom

produced food to feed nearby towns

The Wilmot Proviso ________. was created to pay for peace with Mexico Was signed into law after passing through the House overturned the Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in any land acquired from Mexico

prohibited slavery in any land acquired from Mexico

The Dominion of New England ________. was called into being by King Charles I declared the Navigation Acts null and void was intended to give each colony greater self-government put a single royal governor over New England and New York

put a single royal governor over New England and New York

The working class in the western economy during the second half of the nineteenth century ________. was unified across economic and racial lines received higher wages than workers in the East. had more experience in industry than eastern workers. was almost entirely made up of white employees

received higher wages than workers in the East.

Around 1750, the governments of colonial America ________. no longer were loyal to the English government and rejected "salutary neglect" had formed a united continental council to coordinate policy regularly taxed their citizens to meet the colony's needs existed only to implement the policies of the English Parliament

regularly taxed their citizens to meet the colony's needs

By 1750, American colonial governments ________. existed only to implement the policies of the English Parliament regularly taxed their citizens to meet the colony's needs had formed a united continental council to coordinate policy felt little loyalty to the English government and rejected "salutary neglect"

regularly taxed their citizens to meet the colony's needs

What were the Black Codes after the Civil War? holdovers that were repealed by state governments in the South laws passed by Congress governing the southern states regulations over the behavior of freedmen enacted by state legislatures rulings that were supported by the Freedmen's Bureau

regulations over the behavior of freedmen enacted by state legislatures

After the Revolution, American women ________. sometimes served in the Continental Congress and state legislatures when their husbands were absent received many new rights due to the Declaration of Independence and similar revolutionary ideals frequently fought as soldiers in the war and won the vote in a minority of states remained in roughly the same social and political positions as before the war

remained in roughly the same social and political positions as before the war

The Great Compromise solved the dispute about ________. representation commerce slavery the presidency

representation

The congressional plans for Reconstruction in 1867 were ________. created to grant forty acres of land to every former slave that was an adult male rejected by all of the former Confederate states requirements for new Southern state governments to give voting rights to black males designed to replace federal military commanders with civilian leaders in the South

requirements for new Southern state governments to give voting rights to black males

After tobacco, the second most significant product in the Southern Colonies was ________. sugar cotton corn rice

rice

The "Era of Good Feelings" came after the War of 1812, which reflected ________. growing war fever to fight naval battles on the Atlantic rising nationalism and optimism in the United States declining violence in the West between the United States and Native American tribes increased political divisions in the United States federal government

rising nationalism and optimism in the United States

The "Era of Good Feelings" following the War of 1812 reflected ________. rising nationalism and optimism in the United States increased political divisions in the United States federal government declining violence in the West between the United States and Native American tribes growing war fever to fight naval battles on the Atlantic

rising nationalism and optimism in the United States

The Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) ________. decided that Congress had the authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court ordered Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury his commission stated that the states had the power to nullify an act of Congress with the support of the Court ruled that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress

ruled that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress

Around 1800, higher education in the United States ________. was devoted to studying the large number of famous American authors began to admit many more poor citizens than before thanks to rising charities. saw the number of colleges and universities growing substantially gave access to women, blacks, and Native Americans who could afford to pay tuition

saw the number of colleges and universities growing substantially

As a result of the American Revolution, the Anglican Church was ________. praised by Patriots for supporting independence significantly weakened banned in most colonies made more popular than the Baptists and Methodists

significantly weakened

Due to the American Revolution, the Anglican Church was ________. praised by Patriots for supporting independence more popular than the Baptists and Methodists significantly weakened banned from most colonies

significantly weakened

Because of Bacon's Rebellion, what grew more popular in the Chesapeake? the privileges of the governor slavery limiting western settlement corn

slavery

Suppressing Bacon's Rebellion spurred _________. calls for independence from England European investment cotton production slavery in Virginia

slavery in Virginia

The suppression of Bacon's Rebellion helped spur ________. slavery in Virginia cotton production European investment calls for independence from England

slavery in Virginia

Of the following groups, support for the Whigs was weakest among ________. evangelical Protestants wealthy southern planters substantial New England manufacturers small western farmers

small western farmers

President Thomas Jefferson ________. overturned almost all of Alexander Hamilton's financial program sought to convey the public image of a plain, ordinary citizen kept all Federalists in office despite objections from Republicans served only one term even though he easily would have won a second

sought to convey the public image of a plain, ordinary citizen

History as we study it is made up of ________. past reality dates, more dates, and still more dates (but only if you don't use the overview as you should) sources and historians the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth

sources and historians

Contrary to Parliament, many protesting American colonists believed that ________. virtual representation was correct committees of correspondence were illegal the Tea Act was reasonable sovereignty should be divided

sovereignty should be divided

One of the main differences between the settlers of New England and the settlers of the Chesapeake was that in New England the reasons for the original settlement were more ________. spiritual royal pro-Spanish materialistic

spiritual

The Stamp Act of 1765 ________. started to arouse the colonists in opposition to the English government was consistent with traditional parliamentary efforts to regulate commerce actually affected only a few New England merchants required the consent of the colonial assemblies before going into effect

started to arouse the colonists in opposition to the English government

American corporations could be chartered only by ________ before the 1830s. an act of Congress a public vote state legislatures presidential executive order

state legislatures

All of Hamilton's financial plans passed EXCEPT ________. full funding of the national debt and assumption of state debts the tariff on imports and tax on whiskey creation of a national bank to help handle government finances strong government support for manufacturing

strong government support for manufacturing

Before 1492, the Native Americans north of Mexico ________. subsisted on a variety of resources available in their surroundings usually spoke some variety of the Cahokia language settled mostly on the Great Plains due to the abundance of buffalo built cities far bigger than Tenochtitlán

subsisted on a variety of resources available in their surroundings

Which of these was the most common form of slave resistance in colonial times? attacking the master or overseer subtle defiance of the master's will attempts to run away to Spanish Florida violent uprisings such as the Stono Rebellion

subtle defiance of the master's will

Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government ________. used direct taxing power to charge the excessive taxes that led to Shays' Rebellion forced the Native American tribes of the Ohio country and the Old Northwest to surrender their claims on the lands by 1789 failed to tackle the land issue, one of the most pressing the country faced at the time, with any successful policies suffered the effects of a postwar depression from 1784 to 1787, making it difficult to pay the national debt

suffered the effects of a postwar depression from 1784 to 1787, making it difficult to pay the national debt

The national government under the Articles of Confederation ________. used the direct taxing power granted to it to charge the excessive taxes that led to Shays's Rebellion failed to handle the land issue, one of the most pressing the country faced at the time, with any successful policies suffered the effects of a postwar depression from 1784 to 1787, which made it difficult to pay the national debt forced the Native American tribes of the Ohio country and the Old Northwest to surrender their claims on those lands by 1789

suffered the effects of a postwar depression from 1784 to 1787, which made it difficult to pay the national debt

African slavery grew most dramatically in the centuries after 1492 due to the need for labor for ________. corn tobacco sugar sorghum

sugar

What shaped life in the British Caribbean more than anything else? tobacco the Puritan experiment royal declarations sugar

sugar

Eighteenth-century Enlightenment thinkers ________. had little influence on colonial American intellectual thought emphasized the importance of religious faith in properly understanding existence suggested that rational people had considerable control over their own lives challenged concepts such as "natural laws"

suggested that rational people had considerable control over their own lives

Enlightenment thinkers of the eighteenth century ________. placed emphasis on the importance of religious faith and understanding existence suggested that those with control over their own lives were rational people had little influence on the colonial American intellectual thought openly challenged concepts such as "natural laws"

suggested that those with control over their own lives were rational people

Republicans believed in which of these? alliances with the strongest trading empires strong national army and navy support for the French Revolution vigorous national government

support for the French Revolution

As the treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton ________. wanted to completely eliminate the national debt encouraged the federal government to focus on the farmers opposed the assumption by the federal government of state debts supported the creation of a national bank

supported the creation of a national bank

As treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton ________. opposed the federal government's assumption of state debts supported the creation of a national bank wanted to eliminate the national debt completely encouraged the federal government to focus on farmers

supported the creation of a national bank

In the 1830s, Democrats were more likely than Whigs to support ________. the chartering of banks and corporations territorial expansion established wealth federally supported internal improvements

territorial expansion

Which of these would Democrats more likely support than the Whigs? territorial expansion the chartering of banks and corporations federally supported internal improvements established wealth

territorial expansion

In the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court ruled ________. that Congress had the authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court that the states had the power to nullify an act of Congress with the support of the Court That Secretary of State Madison should deliver Marbury his commission that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress

that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress

In the first part of this message, President Jackson seemed to most directly anticipate ________. the Federal Reserve the "bank recession" the Independent Treasury the Specie Circular

the "bank recession"

Before the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 ________. the Congress under the Articles of Confederation had become a powerful body in its fixed capitol in Philadelphia Alexander Hamilton and James Madison led the successful drive to amend the Articles to allow the national government a stronger power to tax the Annapolis Convention accomplished little officially except issuing a call for the Philadelphia Convention the next year the end of Shays's Rebellion persuaded many people that a more powerful national government was not necessary

the Annapolis Convention accomplished little officially except issuing a call for the Philadelphia Convention the next year

Many scholars of this time period now look at what was going on the New World in the larger context of ________. the Caribbean Cosmos the Atlantic World the Oceanic Emporium the Great Diaspora

the Atlantic World

In the final phase (1778-1781) of the American Revolution, ________. the amount of violence between Americans declined the British made a focused effort to win public support in the northern colonies the British badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists the British began a policy of "total war" that resulted in several cities being burned to the ground

the British badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists

At the end of the Revolution, ________. the French also overthrew a king and established a long-lasting representative government the Continental Army was a significant threat to the government of the new nation the Americans got independence, but little precious land in the Treaty of Paris Americans earned their independence despite losing the Battle of Yorktown

the Continental Army was a significant threat to the government of the new nation

Although the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee tribes in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia, President Jackson decided ________. that Georgia could remove the Cherokee tribes if it served the "public good" the tribes under Black Hawk and his son could remain on their lands in the Appalachians the entire process of the removal of the Indians was unconstitutional the Court could not enforce the rulings and he would interpret the Constitution for himself

the Court could not enforce the rulings and he would interpret the Constitution for himself

During the French and Indian War, ________. the English secretary of state found strategies, commanders, and resources to turn the tide against the French. fighting generally shifted from being mostly in other parts of the world to being focused more in North America the British government moved from requesting colonials to make voluntary contributions to compelling them to do so British forces were generally successful against the French until the incompetent policies of William Pitt turned the tide of the war against them

the English secretary of state found strategies, commanders, and resources to turn the tide against the French.

Because of the French and Indian War, ________. William Pitt fell from power due to his poor strategy and costly losses at Fort Duquesne and Quebec the Peace of Paris and all its negotiated provisions regarding North America were reversed the French lost all of their colonies on the North American continent and many elsewhere George Washington became the highest-ranking military officer in the American colonies

the French lost all of their colonies on the North American continent and many elsewhere

Because of the French and Indian War, ________. the political and trading position of most Native American tribes improved the terms of the Peace of Paris were reversed, and Spain occupied the lands north of the Great Lakes the French were removed from North America as an imperial rival to the British the British imperial and financial situations were greatly strengthened

the French were removed from North America as an imperial rival to the British

In the Critical Period of the 1780s ________. the Land and Northwest Ordinances provided lasting solutions to how to handle territory the new national government made lasting treaties for land with the western tribes the British closed down trade on the Mississippi to American farmers and merchants Spain and the United States agreed on and ratified a treaty to resolve their differences

the Land and Northwest Ordinances provided lasting solutions to how to handle territory

What was the biggest sign that the British government wanted to bring order to the colonial economy? the Navigation Acts the Orders in Council Bacon's Rebellion King Philip's War

the Navigation Acts

Which of these most directly created the northern boundary of the United States? the Webster-Ashburton Treaty the Creole affair the "Aroostook War" the Caroline affair

the Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Which of these set some parts of the northern boundary of the United States? the Webster-Ashburton Treaty the Creole affair the "Aroostook War" the Caroline incident

the Webster-Ashburton Treaty

The consequences of the Stamp Act were similar to those of the Townshend Acts because ________. Paul Reverse made illustrations of the oppressive actions of the Redcoats an intercolonial congress was held to take action against new taxes the acts were repealed but Parliament still asserted its authority violence broke out and people were killed

the acts were repealed but Parliament still asserted its authority

What prompted the emergence of an opposing political organization to the Federalists? the fear that Federalists were attempting to end free elections the belief that the Federalists' power needed to be restrained the fear that George Washington would run for a third term the dispute over President Washington's policies for expansion westward

the belief that the Federalists' power needed to be restrained

What prompted the emergence of an alternative political organization to the Federalists? the fear that the Federalists were attempting to end free elections the dispute over President Washington's policies for westward expansion the fear that George Washington would try to run for a third term the belief that the power of the Federalists needed to be restrained

the belief that the power of the Federalists needed to be restrained

One way in which colonial legal traditions became different from those in England was ________. the colonies developed a stronger freedom of the press colonials did not have governors or other king-like figures colonials did not worry about English rights or trial by jury the colonies had no representative assemblies

the colonies developed a stronger freedom of the press

The biggest consequence of the Columbian Exchange was ________. the deaths of mass numbers of Native Americans due to disease the transportation of corn from the Old World to the New World the decline of African slavery due to an increase in Native American laborers the large-scale raising of llamas and alpacas (and some guinea pigs) on the steppes of Central Asia

the deaths of mass numbers of Native Americans due to disease

What most directly caused the French and Indian War? the unresolved issues from previous wars between the English and Spanish the desire for the British and French empires to control the Ohio River Valley the campaign of the French and its Native American allies to conquer the thirteen colonies the suddenly strong alliance between the French and the Iroquois Confederacy

the desire for the British and French empires to control the Ohio River Valley

The French and Indian War was caused most directly by ________. the well-conducted campaign of the French and its Native American allies to conquer the thirteen British colonies the suddenly strong alliance between the French and the Iroquois Confederacy the desire of both the British and French empires to control the fertile lands of the Ohio River Valley the unresolved issues of the previous wars, such as King George's War, between the English and the Spanish

the desire of both the British and French empires to control the fertile lands of the Ohio River Valley

Writings sought to challenge which social ideals of the nineteenth century? the romantic ideal of the Southern genteel lady use of public schooling to indoctrinate students with common social values the Second Great Awakening ideal of personal salvation the division of men and women into separate areas of activity and influence

the division of men and women into separate areas of activity and influence

In the first wave of state governments, the greatest distrust was felt toward ________. the courts the territories the executives the legislatures

the executives

The presidential election campaign of 1840 saw ________. Henry Clay chosen as the Whig presidential candidate the first influence of the "penny press" in politics William Henry Harrison serve as the Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren drop out of the presidential race

the first influence of the "penny press" in politics

As a result of the War of 1812, ________ America's internal transportation system was capable of carrying all it should the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated politicians spent less time on questions of national economic development American banking was stabilized as the number of banks decreased

the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated

Due to the War of 1812, ________. American banking became stabilized as the number of banks decreased America's internal transportation system increased its carrying capacity the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated politicians spent less time on questions of national economic development

the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated

In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate, Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on ________. the nation's tariff policies President Jackson's leadership the integrity of the Union states that did not have slavery

the integrity of the Union

In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate, Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on which of the following? the nation's tariff policies President Jackson's leadership states that did not have slavery the integrity of the Union

the integrity of the Union

In the early nineteenth century, the westward movement of white Americans was encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT ________. the spread of the plantation system in the South the lure of mineral mining in the mountainous regions of the far West the federal government's policy toward Native American tribes in the West the exhaustion of agricultural lands in the East

the lure of mineral mining in the mountainous regions of the far West

Because of the British invasion of the United States in 1814, ________. the American navy became the best in the world at the time Napoleon was defeated and attacks on our shipping ceased the Pledge of Allegiance was written to promote patriotism the nation genuinely feared for its survival for a time

the nation genuinely feared for its survival for a time

By 1800, ________. the mileage of turnpikes had declined sharply the nation remained overwhelmingly agrarian and rural no American city had a population larger than 20,000. 40 percent of the population lived in towns of more than 8,000

the nation remained overwhelmingly agrarian and rural

The study of the Atlantic World often involves focusing on _________. the growth of the thirteen colonies in North America Christopher Columbus's background and early education the networking of trade between the Dutch, Native Americans, and Africans the function and importance of sea life to the Europeans

the networking of trade between the Dutch, Native Americans, and Africans

The development of the Carolina colony was notable in that ________. the northern and southern regions were economically and socially distinct from each other its economy was grounded in tobacco production the colony was able to attract large numbers of settlers from neighbouring colonies its founders had discouraged the use of slaves

the northern and southern regions were economically and socially distinct from each other

In the colonial population of the 1700s, ________. the number of indentured servants rose compared to the number of slaves slaves began to be held for only a few years instead of for life African slavery became more established for racial reasons only the number of immigrants from areas outside England grew

the number of immigrants from areas outside England grew

There can be controversy in history for all of these reasons EXCEPT ________. even when we know what happened in the past, why those things happened and why they mattered are usually open to argument sources don't say everything that happened in the past, so historians have to fill in the gaps with their best guesses different historians have different views about what matters most about the past the only sources that have any value are primary sources; secondary sources should always be avoided

the only sources that have any value are primary sources; secondary sources should always be avoided

The Federalist Party died out after the War of 1812 for all of these reasons EXCEPT ________. the party's founder, Alexander Hamilton, died years before the war. the party's policies, especially on finances, had never worked well the Republicans had taken over some of that party's issues the Federalists, as the more aristocratic party, had a hard time recruiting voters

the party's policies, especially on finances, had never worked well

The greatest profits in the colonial Chesapeake came from ________. development of fisheries and lumber fur trade with Native Americans the discovery of gold and silver the production of tobacco

the production of tobacco

New York become New York because ________. it was named after Old York in England by its proprietor, Lord Baltimore it was named Constantinople until it was conquered from the French by General York it was sold to the English by the Native American chief whose name was Latinized to Yorkus the restored king gave the land to his brother, the Duke of York, and he had it taken from the Dutch

the restored king gave the land to his brother, the Duke of York, and he had it taken from the Dutch

What was the key to victory for the United States in the Mexican War? the capture of Santa Fe by Stephen Kearny the constant support of Zachary Taylor by Polk the diplomatic maneuvering of Nicholas Trist the seizure of Mexico City by Winfield Scott

the seizure of Mexico City by Winfield Scott

In the 1840s, journalism advanced in all of these area EXCEPT ________. creation of a national cooperative news-gathering organization the dramatic growth of mass-circulation newspapers the technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint invention of the steam cylinder rotary press

the technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint

All of the following factors prevented the growth of labor unions EXCEPT ________. the verdict in Commonwealth v. Hunt the growth of immigrant workers the ethnic divisions among workers the political strength of industrial capitalists

the verdict in Commonwealth v. Hunt

Recent historians of the Civil War have emphasized that ________. ideologies were absent throughout the war conflict causes unnecessary bloodshed the war was not inevitable the Fire Eaters played an essential role

the war was not inevitable

In return for a few years of their labor, indentured servants most often received ________. a large plantation their passage to America the release of their family members from service a commission in the navy

their passage to America

In the Articles of Confederation, ________. the national legislative, executive, and judiciary were balanced there was only a Congress with one vote per state the president could serve only one term the national government did not have power to fight wars or make treaties

there was only a Congress with one vote per state

The French were the most immediate rivals to the English in North America in the early 1700s because ________. they were such strong allies of the Iroquois Confederacy which held the crucial position in the fur trade their trade and shipping were more profitable than those of the British they had many more colonists there than the English and collected much more in tax revenue they controlled much of the continent's interior and generally had better relations with Native Americans

they controlled much of the continent's interior and generally had better relations with Native Americans

Puritan communities were unusual because ________. children were very independent from their parents as they set out on their own in life they held town meetings, the most democratic representation in the colonies they were relatively calm due to neighbors living in harmony with each other they held witchcraft trials throughout the colonial period

they held town meetings, the most democratic representation in the colonies

Overall in the biological and cultural exchanges that happened between the Old World and the New World, ________. more Americans went to Europe than Europeans went to the Americas no New World crops turned out to be important to the rest of the world the Old World gave nothing to the inhabitants of the New World that benefited them things turned out, whether intended or not, in ways that favored European colonizers

things turned out, whether intended or not, in ways that favored European colonizers

The above graphic best reflects which of the following group's economic goals for the newly formed United States? those who wanted to abolish all internal taxation those who argued against a national bank those who argued for a centralized national economic policy those who argued that the new Constitution should require a balanced federal budget

those who argued for a centralized national economic policy

Georgia was founded ________. to quickly make money for its investors to create a military barrier against the Spanish by Quaker militia to provide a refuge for Catholics

to create a military barrier against the Spanish

Throughout 1775, most Patriots were fighting for ________. independence from the British to fix their position in the British Empire to overthrow the King of England a larger share of world trade

to fix their position in the British Empire

Which of these was most responsible for the long-term success of Jamestown? Pocahontas sugar tobacco John Smith

tobacco

West African cities like Timbuktu grew rich in the centuries before 1492 largely due to ________. warfare farming religion trade

trade

Someone who studied the Atlantic World would most likely focus on ________. trade networks between the Dutch, Native Americans, and Africans Columbus's background and early education significant sea life of which the Europeans were aware at the time a blow-by-blow account of how Pizarro defeated the Incas

trade networks between the Dutch, Native Americans, and Africans

North of Mexico, both the French and the Dutch colonists in the 1600s ________. practiced Catholicism mined large amounts of gold and silver fought major wars against each other traded for furs with Native Americans

traded for furs with Native Americans

The earliest universities in the colonies were founded to ________. teach Enlightenment sciences train religious ministers prepare young men for careers in business and trade increase the very low colonial literacy rates

train religious ministers

The Quaker colonies ________. tried especially hard in their early years to live in peace with Native Americans and buy land fairly from them developed a varied economy that included significant amounts or rice and sugar production were founded by William Bradford and John Winthrop were among the least tolerant of other religions

tried especially hard in their early years to live in peace with Native Americans and buy land fairly from them

As the War of 1812 progressed, the Hartford Convention ________. attempted to strengthen the political influence of the South and the West created a gathering of strong supporters of the war saw participants vote to secede from the United States tried to create a stronger position for New England in the Union

tried to create a stronger position for New England in the Union

During the War of 1812, the Hartford Convention ________. tried to create a stronger position for New England in the Union sought to strengthen the political influence of the South and the West saw its participants vote to secede from the United States was a gathering of strong supporters of the war

tried to create a stronger position for New England in the Union

The Townshend Acts ________. were the cause of protests so severe that scores of colonials were killed by British enforcement efforts drew much less protest from the colonists and were supported by the Sons of Liberty were enforced less strictly by British troops than the Stamp Act had been previously tried to modify taxation to a form Parliament thought would be more acceptable to the colonies

tried to modify taxation to a form Parliament thought would be more acceptable to the colonies

North of Mexico, Native Americans before 1492 ________. settled most significantly on the Great Plains due to the abundance of buffalo and generally avoided the more desolate environments built cities larger than Tenochtitlán usually spoke some variety of the Cahokia language used different combinations of hunting and gathering, fishing, and farming to make their living depending on their environment

used different combinations of hunting and gathering, fishing, and farming to make their living depending on their environment

As president, John Tyler ________. favored the recharter of the Bank of the United States considered Andrew Jackson to be his political role model was a Whig who was expelled from the party approved Clay's "American System" program

was a Whig who was expelled from the party

Bartolomé de Las Casas ________. was a merchant who became a priest out of concern for Native Americans never actually spent any time in the Americas even though he wrote a lot about them succeeded in getting the New Laws passed by the king of Spain and strictly enforced in the Americas was a conquistador who admired Cortés so much that he tried to lead his own conquering expedition

was a merchant who became a priest out of concern for Native Americans

The Confederate Constitution ________. permitted four-year terms in office for the president and vice-president was almost identical to the United States Constitution stipulated specifically that states had the right to secede allowed states the right to abolish slavery

was almost identical to the United States Constitution

The Lewis and Clark expedition ________. followed up on what Zebulon Pike had discovered was assisted by the guide Sacajawea never made it to the Pacific Coast saw both leaders die before the expedition was complete

was assisted by the guide Sacajawea

In the early nineteenth century, the Deep South ________. made tobacco its primary crop as in colonial times contemplated seceding from the rest of the Union became home to many powered cotton mills was greatly aided by one of Eli Whitney's inventions

was greatly aided by one of Eli Whitney's inventions

The presidential campaign in 1800 ________. saw leading Federalists in Congress attempt to engineer the election of Aaron Burr was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates was decided by a newly elected Republican Congress saw the Federalists win a decisive victory over the Republicans

was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates

A primary source in history ________. is the most important source about the event the history is about was present at the event in question is a fundamental, elementary source that a historian of that event cannot do without was the first source produced about the subject in question

was present at the event in question

After receiving the treaty for the Louisiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson ________. angrily fired Livingston and Monroe for insubordination was unsure of his constitutional authority to buy land assumed the French would not honor the terms felt the government had been asked to pay too much for it

was unsure of his constitutional authority to buy land

When Thomas Jefferson received the treaty for the Louisiana Purchase, he ________. angrily fired Livingston and Monroe for insubordination felt his government had been asked to pay too much for it assumed the French would not honor its terms was unsure of his constitutional authority to buy land

was unsure of his constitutional authority to buy land

In general, Native American religious beliefs ________. were focused on worshipping one supreme god through a calendar of rituals throughout the year never involved human sacrifice, contrary to many legends were based on many gods or spirits tied to the elements of nature were surprisingly similar to that of Western Europe at the time

were based on many gods or spirits tied to the elements of nature

In 1775, as conflicts with England intensified, American colonists ________. were deeply divided about what they were fighting for found great unity now that they were struggling for independence felt that victory over England would not be difficult because of their larger population were converted to the cause of independence by Thomas Paine's Common Sense

were deeply divided about what they were fighting for

As the conflicts with England intensified in 1775, American colonists ________. were converted to the cause of independence by Thomas Paine's Common Sense felt victory over England would not be difficult with the monarch across the ocean became unified as they struggled for their independence were deeply divided in their cause to fight

were deeply divided in their cause to fight

In colonial New England Puritan communities, women ________. were considered to be socially and politically equal to males were the ones who upheld primogeniture in the family regardless of church membership were much less likely to be able to keep their families intact than in the Chesapeake were expected to devote themselves to serving the needs of their husbands and households

were expected to devote themselves to serving the needs of their husbands and households

Before 1607, Spanish settlements that were north of Mexico ___________. did not enforce encomienda in fear of retaliation from natives established a temporary settlement in the fort of St. Augustine in Florida were much smaller settlements than those in the south experienced no problems with the surrounding Indian tribes

were much smaller settlements than those in the south

The Spanish settlements north of Mexico before 1607 ________. were located mostly in California and Texas experienced no troubles with the Indians around them were the most prosperous and desirable destinations for Spanish settlers in the Americas were not terribly strong or heavily populated compared with settlements to the south

were not terribly strong or heavily populated compared with settlements to the south

During the American Revolution, Loyalists ________. were forbidden by the Patriots to move to England until the war had ended were forced to leave the colonies by the Continental Army soon after the war began were often at odds with Patriots in their communities, but most stayed in the country were nearly all wealthy colonials who held office in the English government

were often at odds with Patriots in their communities, but most stayed in the country

Spain's southwestern colonies north of Mexico by the end of the 1700s ________. did not pay as much attention to the conversion of Native Americans as in previous Spanish colonies continued to ignore colonizing California until later times had become the most important colonies in Spain's American empire were places many went to escape centralized Spanish authority

were places many went to escape centralized Spanish authority

Spain's southeastern colonies in North America ________. were focused on trade and had few military or religious officials were significantly depopulated due to rivalry with the English and French kept peace with Native Americans on the southern frontier of the English colonies executed all slaves who escaped there from the nearby colonies of other countries

were significantly depopulated due to rivalry with the English and French

Which of these did the Chesapeake colonies NOT establish as a solution to their problems and a characteristic of later colonies? private ownership of land widespread religious toleration for Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and atheists alike indentured servitude then slavery as sources of labor good intentions ending with most Native Americans killed or moved out of the area

widespread religious toleration for Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and atheists alike

By 1860, the social expectations expressed in the "cult of domesticity" resulted in ________. the criticism of women who read books or magazines middle-class wives were given no special role in the family unmarried women being excluded from all income-earning activities women becoming increasingly isolated from the public world

women becoming increasingly isolated from the public world

In the outbreaks of witchcraft hysteria that marked New England colonial life, those accused were most commonly ________. criminals women of low social position not members of the church Native Americans or slaves

women of low social position