C++ Programming Chapter 1

Ruby

1990s, For programs that run on Web servers

Python

1990s, for both businesses and academic applications.

Pseudocode

A cross between human language and a programming language.

Programmer/ Software Developer

A person with training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs.

Portability

A program can be written on one type of computer and then run on many other types of systems.

C++

Based on C language, object-oriented features not found in C.

BASIC

Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. General programming language.

Hierarchy Chart

Begins with the overall task, and then refines it into smaller subtasks until each is small enough to be easily performed.

Microprocessor

CPUs that are small chips that can be held in the palm of your hand.

Object-oriented Programming

Centered on the object, data and the procedures that operate on the data.

Procedural Programming

Centered on the procedure or function.

Input Devices

Collects the information and sends it to the computer. Keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, and microphone

COBOL

Common Business-Oriented Language. Business applications.

Integrated Development Environments

Consist of a text editor, compiler, debugger, and other utilities integrated into one package with a single set of menus.

Executable File

Contains machine language instructions, or executable code, and is ready to run on the computer.

Control Unit

Coordinates all of the computer's operations. Where to get the next instructions and regulating other major components.

Variable Definition

Define one or more variables that will be used in the program, and indicate the type of data they will hold. Variables are created in a memory.

Arithmetic and Logic unit

Designed to perform mathematical operations.

Flowchart

Diagram that shows the logical flow of a program, the order operations are to occur.

Bit

Each byte is divided into eight smaller storage locations. Stands for binary digits

Software

Essential to a computer or it can't do anything.

Fetch\Decode\Execute cycle

Fetch next instructions from main memory. Encode instruction, control unit generates an electric signal. Routed to the appropriate component signal causes performance.

Output Devices

Formats and presents information. Monitors, printers, and speakers

FORTRAN

Formula Translator. Complex mathematical algorithms.

Syntax Errors

Illegal use of key words, operators, punctuation, and other language elements.

Message

Instructs an object to perform some operation.

High-Level Languages

Language more of human-readability than computer-readability.

Visual Basic

MS environment programmers to quickly create. Windows-based applications.

Punctuation

Mark the beginning or ending of a statement, or separate items.

Logical Errors

Mistakes that cause the program to produce erroneous results.

Operating Systems

Most fundamental set of programs on a computer.

Variable

Named storage location in the computer's memory for holding a piece of information.

Java

Object-oriented, develops programs that run over the Internet, in a Web browser.

Machine Language

Only language CPUs can use to process instructions. Consists of binary numbers.

Operators

Perform operations on one or more operands.

Utility Programs

Performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data.

Hardware

Physical components that a computer is made of.

Run-time Library

Prewritten code for performing common operations or sometimes-difficult tasks.

Top-down design

Process of "divide and conquer"

Application Software

Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks. Running on the computer the most.

C#

Pronounced 'C sharp' by Microsoft for MS applications

Random- Access Memory

Quickly access data, volatile type of memory for temporary storage.

Preprocessor

Reads the source code, searches for special lines that begin with #.

Syntax

Rules that must be followed when constructing a program. Dictates key words and operators, where punctuation symbols must appear.

Program

Set of instructions of a computer follows to perform a task.

Algorithm

Set of well-defined steps for performing a task or solving a problem.

JavaScript

Small programs that run in Web pages. Not related to Java.

Compiler

Steps through the preprocessed source code, translate source code into appropriate machine language instruction.

C

Structured, general-purpose language developed at Bell Laboratories. Offers both high-level and low-level features.

Pascal

Structured, general-purpose language for teaching programming.

Central Unit Processing

The part of the computer that actually runs programs. Most important component.

Object Code

The program is free of syntax errors, the compiler stores the translated machine language instructions.

Desk-checking

The programmer starts reading the program and steps through each statement.

System Software

The programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer.

Byte

Tiny storage locations, only a letter or small number.

Address

Unique number ordered from lowest to highest.

Programming Language

Uses letters instead of numbers, easier to understand.

Running or Executing

When a computer is performing the tasks that a program tells it to do.

Programmer-Defined Identifiers

Words or names defined by the programmer. Symbolic names that refer to variables or programming routines.

Key Words

Words that have a special meaning. Used for their intended purpose.