C Programming - Midterm 1

Syntax to start a C program

#include <stdio.h> int main(void) { program ; return 0; }

What is the boolean convention for 0 and 1 using <stdbool.h>?

0 = False 1 = True

Which of the following are constant expressions: 1) 50/2 + 8%6 2) (d+24) / 3 3) '?' - 5

1 and 3

What do these represents: 1) %c 2) %i 3) %f 4) %x 5) \n

1) display character 2) display integer 3) display float 4) display value in hex 5) insert carriage return and newline

Which of the following numbers represent numbers in C and what type are they: 1) 056 2) 325,000 3) 0x76

1) octal and 3) hex

Convert 34 in decimal to binary

100010

Take 2's complement of 01011101

10100011

Convert C6 in hexadecimal to its equivalent in binary

11000110

Which of the following pairs are equivalent when compiled: 1) B=45; and b=45; 2) a=5+b; and a = 5 + b; 3) //comment and /*comment*/ 4) e=f%g; and e=f%g

2 and 3

Which are valid variable names: 1) !myApple 2) _HeartRate 3) double 4) int45

2 and 4

Convert 23 in decimal to hexadecimal

35

Convert 110001 in binary to decimal

49

Convert 0101 0111 in binary to hexadecimal

57

Convert 3B in hexadecimal to decimal

59

Computer program

A sequence of instructions in a given language that solves a problem (or accomplishes a task)

Algorithm

A sequence of steps needed to solve a problem

What data type is: char

A single character

What are constants?

Any number, single character, or character string

Variables that are: 1) created each time the function is called declaring the variable 2) initialized each time the function is called 3) has no default initial value 4) disappears when function ends

Automatic variables

Instruction set

Basic operations of a computer system

High-level languages

English-like commands

What is the % arithmetic expression stand for?

Getting the remainder of the 2 numbers around it being divided

Variables that are: 1) accessed by any function in the program 2) defined outside of all functions 3) value can be changed by any function 4) default initial value is 0

Global variables

What data type is: int

Integer

Variables that are: 1) defined within a function 2) only available within a function 3) do not have a default initial value

Local variables

What is the range associated with a particular data type dependent on, the computer or language?

Machine-dependent

Function declaration

Must include a semicolon at the end of the header Must include argument types int is assumed if not type of return value isn't included.

Is 01010101 positive or negative if you're in 2's complement notation?

Positive because it begins with 0, the significant number

Write a print statement to display a float f consisting of at least 4 digits.

Printf("%4f\n",f);

What data type is: double

Same as float but with twice the precision

Variables that are: 1) not created when the function is called 2) doesn't disappear when the function ends 3) values that when the function ends, are the same values next time the function is called. 4) initialized only once and only as a constant or constant expression 5) have a default initial value of 0

Static variables

What data type is: _Bool

The Boolean values 0 or 1

What is the difference between the following two declarations: float mynums[500] = {3.6,4.8,5.2}; float mynums[]= {3.6, 4.8, 5.2};

The first makes an array that is 500 by 500 but give values to only the first 3. The second array is only made up of the 3 values given with no empty spaces.

What is a type cast operator used for?

To get the number type that you'd like after using integer arithmetic, which can only result between

What can 'short' be used for?

To indicate an integer is shorter than normal

What can 'long' be used for?

To indicate than an integer is longer than normal

What can 'unsigned' be used for?

To indicate that the variable will only contain positive numbers

Compiler

Translates from high level language to machine language

What data type is: float

Values containing decimal places

Machine language

What computers actually understands

When do you use a while loop?

When you want to a program that immediately checks for the expression and works through repeatedly after.

When do you use a do loop?

When you want to a program to go through once before running through the program. Usually ends with a while loop expression.

How do you add the escape character for a double quotation mark?

\"

How do you add the escape character for a question mark?

\?

How do you add the escape character for a horizontal tab?

\t

Write a command to declare the Boolean variable istrue.

_Bool is true

Write the function isslower that returns 1 if the character passed to the routine is a lower case letter.

_Bool islowera(char c) { if (c>='a' && c<='z') return 1; else return 0; }

Write four ways to decrement b by 1

b-- ,--b, b=b-1, b-=1

Set the variable c of type character to the character a

c = 'a'

Declare and initialize a character array named letters to the characters abcdefg. End the string with the null character

char letters [] = {'a','b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', '\0'};

Declare a character array and initialize it to the null string

char myarray[30] = ""

Define a constant maxvals and set it equal to 256

const int maxvals = 256

Write a for loop that initialized x to 8, loops while x is less than 30, and increments x by 1 and y by 2 each time the loop is executed.

for (x=8; x<30; x++, y+=2);

Write a command to pass matrix m to function handlematrix

handlematrix(m)

Declare an array of 100 integers, name array intlist, set them all to 0, except the one with index 50, which should be set to 5.

int intuits[100] = {[50]=5};

Write a function equivalent to the sum function in Matlab

int sum (int vector[],int len) { int total,cnt; total=0; for (cnt=0;cnt<len;cnt++) total+=vector[cnt]; return total; }

Declare and initialize a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. Set the values to 6.

matrix [2][3] = {{6,6,6},{6,6,6}};

Set the 3rd value in the 5th mevent structure to 9

mevent[4].value[3] = 9;

Write a command to pass the structure patient to a function called getmap. The function will accept the structure as the only argument. It returns an integer and stores it in a field in patient called map.

patient.map = getup(patient);

Write a statement that accepts an input as time in hour:minute:second format

scanf("%i:%i:%i", &hour, &minute, &second);

Write a command to read in the time in a person's first and last name

scant("%s %s", fname, lname);

How is a character constant identified by?

single quotation marks ie. 'a'

Declare a variable my patient of type structure bloodpressure

struct bloodpressure mypatient

Define structure blood pressure that has two integer values: diastolic and systolic

struct bloodpressure { int diastolic; int systolic; } ;

Write a single command to set a variable timestamp (of type time which has three fields: hour, minute, second) to the time 10:23:34

timestamp = (struct time) {10, 23, 34};

How would set element a in vector1 to 9

vector1[a] = 9;

Write a function header for a function named find that accepts values for x, a, b, and c. It does not return any arguments.

void findy (int x, int a, int b, int c)

Write a command to send the date of the 8th mevent to a function called lookatdate. Lookatdate accepts only 1 argument and does not return anything.

void lookatdate(mevent[8].date)

Write a line of code to set z to the remainder when a is divided by b

z = a%b;