C175 Data Management Foundations
data warehouse
A _____ can store data derived from many sources.
data dictionary
A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.
unique
A _____ index is an index in which the index key can have only one pointer value (row) associated with it.
field
A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.
database management system
A _____ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.
file
A _____ is a collection of related records.
superkey
A _____ is a key that can uniquely identify any row in the table.
record
A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.
query
A _____ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.
null
A _____ is created when you press the Enter key or the Tab key to move to the next entry without making a prior entry of any kind.
data dictionary
A _____ is sometimes described as "the database designer's database" because it records the design decisions about tables and their structures.
foreign key
A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute.
candidate
A _____ key can be described as a minimal superkey, a superkey without any unnecessary attributes.
secondary
A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.
data dictionary
A _____ provides a detailed description of all tables found within the user/designer-created database
ad-hoc
An _____ query is a spur-of-the-moment question.
verifiable
Data is said to be _____ if the data always yields consistent results.
operational databases
Data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the_____.
Julian
Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the _____ date format.
structured
____ data are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.
Data
____ is the the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.
primary keys
_____ are required in relational databases to ensure data integrity.
unstructured
_____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.
unstructured
_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.
Analytical
_____ databases focus primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make tactical or strategic decisions.
performance tuning
_____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
DBMSs
_____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.
information
______ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.
field
______ refers to a collection of related records.
single-user
A desktop database is a _____ database.
candidate
A primary key is a _____ key selected to uniquely identify all other attribute values in any given row.
relation
A table is also called a _____ because the relational model's creator, E. F. Codd, used the two terms as synonyms.
multi-user
A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database.
workgroup
A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization.
data anomaly
A(n) _____ develops when all required changes in the redundant data are not made successfully.
index
A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.
application
A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.
enterprise
A(n) ______ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.
good decision making
Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to _____.
semistructured
An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data.
relational
An entity in the entity relationship model corresponds to a table in the _____ environment.
attributes
An index key can have multiple _____ (a composite index).
bridge
Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity.
string data type
Character data type also known as _____, can contain any character or symbol not intended for mathematical manipulation, but character sets can include digits or a numeric string.
null
Depending on the sophistication of the application development software, _____ can create problems when functions such as COUNT, AVERAGE, and SUM are used
column
Each table _____ represents an attribute.
1:1
If one department chair "a professor" can chair only one department, and one department can have only one department chair. The entities PROFESSOR and DEPARTMENT exhibit a _____ relationship.
synonym
In a database context, a(n) _____ indicates the use of different names to describe the same attribute.
keys
In a relational model, _____ are also used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data.
attribute
In a relational table, each column has a specific range of values known as the _____ domain.
keys
In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.
semistructured
Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____.
1:1
One characteristic of generalization hierarchies is that they are implemented as _____ relationships.
security breaches
One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data _____.
Data Processing
Organization of data for the purpose of producing desired information; involves recording, classifying, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data.
data warehouse
Proper _____ design requires carefully defined and controlled data redundancies to function properly.
formatted
Raw data must be properly _____ for storage, processing and presentation.
integrity
Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null.
entity
The CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ integrity.
data dictionary
The DBMS uses the _____ to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex relationships in each program.
system catalog
The _____ can be described as a detailed system data dictionary that describes all objects within the database, including data about table names, the table's creator and creation date, the number of columns in each table, the data type corresponding to each column, index filenames, index creators, authorized users, and access privileges.
not null
The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column.
system catalog
The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.
database structure
The _____ itself is stored as a collection of files, and the only way to access the data in those files is through the DBMS.
1:M
The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal."
1:M
The _____ relationship is the relational database norm.
1:1
The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.
collection of files
The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____.
rows and columns
The order of the _____ is important to the DBMS.
expected use
The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by _____.
logical view
The practical significance of taking the _____ is that it serves as a reminder of the simple file concept of data storage.
data redundancy
The proper use of foreign keys is crucial to controlling _____.
query result set
The response of the DBMS to a query is the _____.
domain
The row's range of permissible values is known as its _____.
database system
The term _____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.
islands of information
The term _____ refers to scattered locations storing the same basic data.
flags
To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as _____, to indicate the absence of some value.
context
To reveal meaning, information requires _____.
unique
When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.
persistent
You can think of a table as a _____ representation of a logical relation.
Metadata
_____ describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data found within the database.
RDBMSs
_____ enforce integrity rules automatically.
spreadsheet applications
_____ enhance the user's ability to understand the data.
Data inconsistency
_____ exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.
data inconsistency
_____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places
Data independence
_____ exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting an application program's ability to access data.
Structural dependence
_____ exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.
Data redundancy
_____ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
_____ is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.
Metadata
_____ is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and managed.
Data anomaly
_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
data integrity
_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
end-user data
_____ is raw facts of interest to the end user.
knowledge
_____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.
predicate
_____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false.
database programming languages
_____ receive all application requests and translate them into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests.
in-memory databases
_____ refer to a type of database that stores most of its data in RAM rather than in hard disks.
data redundancy
_____ reflects a situation where the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.
performance tuning
_____ relates to activities that make a database operate more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
Metadata
______ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.
