C21 L2
Who and What did Adam Smith contribute?
A founder of modern economics; laissez-faire (state should leave economy alone, or the Free Enterprise System)
How did Montesquieu's ideas about government influence political revolutions?
A translation was lasting and made it English and available to American philosophers who worked it into the US Constitution.
Info on both
Haydn Musical director Public concerts instead of solely composing to private princes The Creation and The Seasons; conveyed themes of beginnings and everyday life Mozart Child prodigy Failed to get a regular patron to support him financially Composer Wrote Marriage of Figaro, Magic Flute, Don Giovanni
Who were Haydn and Mozart?
Haydn and Mozart were innovators who wrote classical music.
How did John Locke's idea of a tabula rasa show a movement away from Christianity and toward secularism?
He didn't think that God created people in his image.
Explain what Montesquieu meant by the phrase "separation of powers" and where he saw the principle applied?
In the separation, the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of the government limit and control each other with a system of checks and balances. This could provide great freedom and security for the state.
What made the rococo style of art different from the earlier baroque style?
Instead of stressing power, rococo emphasized grace, charm, and gentleness. Contrary from rich detail, rococo ade use of delicate, graceful designs that spoke of the pleasure, happiness, and love.
What did Locke believe about how people were born?
Locke believed that every person was born with a tabula rasa, or a blank mind
What two reasons did Mary Wollstonecraft present for giving women equal rights?
Men's arbitrary power over women is wrong Women are human beings and deserve equal rights; can learn the same as men
John Wesley
Methodist priest
What did Newton say about how the physical world worked?
Newton argued that the physical world and everything in it was like a giant world machine, operating according to natural laws that could be uncovered through systematic investigation
What effect did that idea have on philosophers?
Others believed that applying his scientific methods, they would be able to discover the natural laws that govern human society to become an idea society.
What effect did Locke's ideas have on other philosophers?
Others started to believe that if environments were changed and people were exposed to the right influences, they could be changed to create a new and better society.
How does Smith believe society can be improved? Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Smith believed society can be improved by having private businesses which are able to compete with little control of the government
What does laissez-faire mean, and who explained it in The Wealth of Nations?
The concept that the state should not impose government regulations; they should leave the economy alone. Adam Smith explained this.
What does Smith mean by the "invisible hand"? What makes it invisible?
The invisible hand is the belief that competition and self interest act together to guide resources to their uses and benefits others
According to the philosophes, what was the role of philosophy?
The role was to change the world through the use of reason and a spirit of rational criticism.
How are the origins of the free enterprise system reflected in Enlightenment thought on economics?
The state should not interfere in economic matters. The government should only have three basic rolls.
According to The Wealth of Nations, what were the three main functions of government?
To protect society from invasion (army) Should defend citizens from injustice (police) KEep up certain public works that private individuals couldn't afford
What was Voltaire's belief about God?
Voltaire believed that God was the clockmaker, but ran the world without any interference.