California Driver Handbook 2021 Notes

Pedestrian Signals

"Walk" or "Walking Person": It is legal to cross the street. "Don't Walk" or "Raised Hand": You may not cross the street. Flashing "Don't Walk" or Flashing "Raised Hand": Do not start crossing the street. The traffic signal light is about to change. Drivers must yield to pedestrians, even if the "Don't Walk" light is flashing. Numbers: The numbers count down how many seconds are left for crossing the street so pedestrians can speed up if they need to. Pedestrian phases (pedestrian scrambles): These are crisscross and diagonal crosswalks that allow pedestrians to cross the intersection in any direction at the intersection are stopped. Sounds: Sounds such as beeping, chirping, or verbal messages help blind or visually impaired pedestrians cross the street. Pedestrian Push Button: This is used to activate the "walk" signal. No Pedestrian Signals: If there are no pedestrian signals, obey the vehicle traffic signals.

Right-of-Way Rules

* Vehicle already in intersection has right of way over vehicle preparing to enter *Vehicle going straight has right of way over a vehicle turning left *Emergency vehicles (that are sounding a siren or flashing lights) have the right of way over any other vehicle. You must pull over when safe to do so *Pedestrians in crosswalks and intersections have the right of way *Vehicles about to enter or cross a road from a driveway or private road must yield to all traffic on main road *Yield right of way to funeral processions *Yield right of way to blind persons with dogs

Buses, Streetcars, and Trolleys

- Do not drive through a safety zone, which is a space set aside for pedestrians, marked by raised buttons or markers on a roadway. When people are boarding or leaving a streetcar or trolley where there is no safety zone, stop behind the vehicle's nearest door or vehicle platform and wait until the people have reached a safe place. When a bus, streetcar, or trolley is stopped at a safety zone or at an intersection where traffic is controlled by a peace officer or traffic signal light, you may pass at no more than 10 mph. - Do not overtake and pass any light-rail vehicle or streetcar on the left side, whether it is moving or standing. Exceptions: • When you are on a one-way street. • When the tracks are so close to the right side that you cannot pass on the right. • When a traffic officer directs you to pass on the left.

Out-of-State Vehicles

20 days to register vehicle after you become a resident or get a job in the state. Vehicle must meet California smog laws. California DMV cannot register vehicle if it does not qualify.

Passing a Bicyclist

3 feet should be between you and bicyclist. Drivers must always remember to: • Give bicyclist enough space so they are not forced into parked vehicles or open vehicle doors. • Only merge toward the curb or into the bike lane when it is safe. • Merge safely behind a bicyclist when preparing to make a turn. • Enter a bike lane no more than 200 feet before starting a turn. • Check for bicyclist when changing lanes or entering traffic. They may be hidden in a vehicle's blind spot. • Be careful when approaching or passing a bicyclist on a two-lane road. (Page 67)

Vehicles with Hazardous Loads

A diamond-shaped sign on a truck means that the truck's load may be dangerous (gas, explosives, etc.). Vehicles with these signs must stop before crossing railroad tracks.

Locked wheel skids

A locked skid is usually caused by braking too hard when you are going too fast. To get out of a locked wheel skid: 1. Remove your foot from the brake to unlock the wheels. 2. Straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten out. If your vehicle is not equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), step on the brake gradually until you are at a safe speed. If you press the brake pedal and it sinks to the floor, quickly pump the brakes by gently applying and releasing pressure on your brake pedal. As you are pumping the brakes, down shift your vehicle into a lower or neutral gear to slow down. The try using your emergency or parking brake to stop.

Speed Contests/Reckless Driving

A person convicted of driving recklessly or engaging in a speed contest which causes bodily injury to another person is subject to: - Imprisonment - A fine - Both a fine and imprisonment

You may make a legal U-turn:

Across a double yellow line when it is safe and legal. • In a residential district when a traffic sign, light, or traffic signal light protects you from approaching vehicles. If no vehicles are approaching you within 200 feet. • At an intersection on a green traffic signal light or green arrow, unless a "No U-turn" sign is posted. • On a divided highway, only if an opening is provided in the center divider

Be Aware of Carbon Monoxide

All gas-powered vehicles produce carbon monoxide. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning: • Weariness • Yawning • Dizziness • Nausea • Headache • Ringing in the ears Have your exhaust system checked regularly to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. Leave the window partially open when you start the engine, while driving, and when the engine is running while parked. Never run the engine with your garage fire closed. (page 96)

Scan your surroundings

Always keep your eyes moving to scan your surroundings. Take in the whole scene. Keep safe distance around your vehicle. For enough space on all side of your vehicle to brake or maneuver if you need to. Before changing lanes, look in your rearview mirror to check for nearby vehicles. Look over your shoulder to check your blind spots.

Alleys

An alley is any road no wider than 25 feet that is used to access the rear or side entrances of buildings properties. The speed limit is any alley is 15 mph.

intersections

An intersection is any place where one line of roadway meets another roadway. Intersections include cross streets, side streets, alleys, freeway entrances, and any other location where vehicles traveling on different highways or roads join each other.

blind intersection

An intersection is considered blind if: • It has no stop signs at any corner • You are within 100 feet of the intersection and you cannot see the road for at least 100 feet in both directions. If you view is blocked, move slowly forward until you can see. The speed limit for a blind intersection is 15 mph.

At railroad tracks

At railroad or train crossing: • Look in both directions and listen for trains. Many crossings have multiple tracks. Be ready to stop before crossing, if necessary. Cross railroad tracks only at designated crossings and only when it is safe to do so. • Expect a train on any track, at any time, traveling in either direction. Make sure your vehicle completely crosses the tracks before you stop. • Never stop on railroad tracks. • Watch for vehicles that must stop before they cross train tracks. These vehicles include buses, school buses, and trucks transporting hazardous loads. • When the crossing devices are active or a person warns you a train is coming, stop between 15 feet and 50 feet from the nearest track. (Page 71) • Stop if you see a train coming or you hear the whistle, horn, or bell of an approaching train. • Do not go under lowering gates or around lowered gates. • Flashing red warning lights indicate you must stop and wait. Do not proceed over train tracks until red lights have stopped flashing. If the gate is lowered and you do not see a train approaching, call the posted railroad emergency toll-free number or 911. Be ready to give a detailed description of your location.

Know What is At Your Side

Be aware of what is on each side of you. Maintain enough space to maneuver safely and react to other drivers if you need to. To maintain enough space on each side of your vehicle: • Do not stay in another driver's blind spot. The other driver may not see your vehicle. • Avoid driving directly alongside other vehicles on multilane streets. Other drivers might enter your lane or change lanes without looking and crash into you. • If possible and safe, make space for vehicles entering freeways. Even though you have the right-of-way, this can help prevent collisions. • At freeway exists, do not drive alongside other vehicles. A driver may decide to exit suddenly or swerve back onto the freeway. • Keep space between your vehicle and parked vehicles. Someone may step out from between them, open a vehicle door, or pull out suddenly. • Be careful when driving near motorcyclists. Always leave plenty of space. Always check each side of your vehicle at intersections, crosswalks, and railroad crossings. Other vehicles, bicyclists, or pedestrians may be approaching. At intersections: • Look both ways, even if other traffic has a red light or a stop sign. - Look to the left first. Vehicles coming from the left are closed to you than vehicles coming from the right. - Look to the right. - Take one more look to the left. There may be a pedestrian, bicyclist, or vehicle you did not see the first time. • Do not rely on traffic lights. Some drivers do not obey them. Before you enter an intersection, look left, right, and ahead for approaching traffic.

Bicycles

Bicyclist have the same rights and responsibilities as vehicle and motorcycle drivers. Bicyclist may: • Legally ride on certain sections of freeways where there is no alternate route and bicycling is not forbidden by a sign. • Move left to avoid hazards. These may include parked or moving vehicles, bicycles, animals, or trash. • Choose to ride near the left curb or edge of a one-way street.

Bicyclist Responsibilities (page 65)

Bicyclist must: • Obey all traffic signs and signal lights • Ride in the same direction as traffic • Signal when changing lanes or turning. • Yield to pedestrians • Wear a helmet (if under 18 years old) • Allow faster traffic to pass when safe. • Stay visible • Ride as near to the right curb or edge of the roadway as possible. • Not ride on the sidewalk (unless allowed by the city) • Make left and right turns in the same way drivers do, using the same turn lanes. If you are traveling straight on a bicycle, use a through traffic lane or, whenever possible, use a bike lane. • Have a brake on their bicycle. The brake must enable the bicyclist to make a one-wheel skid on dry, level, clean pavement.

Bicycling in Travel Lanes

Bicyclist traveling slower than the flow of traffic must ride as close as possible to the right curb or edge of the road, unless: • Passing a vehicle or another bicycle in the same direction. • Preparing to make a left turn at an intersection, into a private road, or at a driveway. • Avoiding a hazard or road condition (for example: pedestrians, animals, surface hazards). • A lane is too narrow for a bicycle and a vehicle to safely travel side-by-side in the lane. • Approaching a right turn. • The road is a one-way road with two or more lanes. In this case, a bicyclist may ride near the left curb or edge of the road. Drivers should follow at a safe distance. When it is safe, the bicyclist should move to a position that allows vehicles to pass.

Speed Limits and Reduced Speeds

California has a "Basic Speed Law." This means that you may never drive faster than is safe for the road conditions. There are also situations with specific speed limit laws and conditions where you should reduce your speed. Unless otherwise posted, the maximum speed limit is 55 mph on a two-lane undivided highway and for vehicles towing trailers.

Alcohol and Drugs

California's driving under the influence (DUI) laws apply to both alcohol and drugs. Illegal to drive under the influence, there is no difference between illegal drugs and medications you get from a doctor or the pharmacy. Can all affect ability to drive safely and react to what you see and hear.

Collisions

Collision resulting in $1000 or anyone is injured or dies, will be noted on your record does not matter who caused collision. Drivers 18 and over financially responsible.

Move Over and Slow Down

Drivers are required to move over a lane, if safe to do so, or slow down when approaching a stationary emergency vehicle or tow truck displaying flashing amber warning lights, or a Department of Transportation (Caltrans) vehicle displaying emergency flashing or amber warning lights while stopped on the side of a state highway or freeway. The law is designed to reduce the deaths of peace officers, tow truck drivers, paramedics, Caltrans employees, and other emergency personnel who are aiding stranded or injured motorists or involved in road work. • Stationary emergency vehicles or tow trucks displaying flashing amber warning lights.

Sharing the road

Drivers need to share the road with other vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, road workers, and more. • Large vehicles: understand large vehicles and how they move to reduce your chances of colliding with one. Ex: Tractor trailers, buses, trolleys and street cars, recreational vehicles (RV), light-rail vehicles. • Blind Spot (the "No Zone") Drivers in higher/bigger vehicles can not always see the road better. • Braking: Large vehicles and large commercial trucks take longer to stop than passenger vehicles traveling at the same speed. Do not move infront of a large vehicle and suddenly slow down or stop. The large vehicle will not be able to stop fast enough to avoid crashing into you.

Cell Phones and Texting

Drivers should only use a cell phone when necessary and in a hands free mode, unless you are a minor.

Blind Spots

Every vehicle has blind spots. These are areas around the vehicle that a driver cannot see when looking straight ahead or using the mirrors.

California Highway Patrol (CHP) Freeway Service Portal (FSP)

FSP will: • Provide a gallon of gas if you run out. • Jump start your vehicle if the battery is dead. • Refill your radiator and tape hoses. • Change a flat tire. • Report a collision to CHP. If FSP can not start your vehicle, they will have it towed (free of charge) to CHP-approved location. FSP will also contact additional assistance. CHP will notify an auto club or towing service. FSP will not: • Tow your vehicle to a private repair service or residence. • Recommend tow service companies or repair and body shops. • Tow motorcycles. • Help vehicles which have been involved in a collision, unless the are directed by CHP. Call 5-1-1 for FSP information and assistance.

Fines and Double Fine Zones

Fines for traffic violations in a work zone can be 1000 or more. Anyone convicted of assaulting a highway worker faces fines up to 2000 and imprisonment for up to one year. Certain roads are chosen as "Safety Enhanced-Double Fine Zones". This is due to increased collision-related injuries and fatalities. Fine are doubled in these zones. Fines are also doubled in highway construction or maintenance zones when workers are present. (Page 68)

Flooded Roads

Flooding can cause dangers in the road, including: • Being swept off the road. • Floating debris and unseen hazards. • The road collapsing. • Vehicle malfunctions (example: break failure) • Electrocution if there are fallen power lines. Drive slowly through a flooded road, after you have made it through the water check your brakes to make sure they work correctly. (Pg. 83)

Emergency vehicles

Give the right-of-way to any law enforcement vehicle, fire engine, ambulance, or other emergency vehicle using a siren and red lights. Drive to the right edge of the road and stop until the emergency vehicle(s) have passed. • This does not apply if you are in an intersection. Never stop in an intersection. If you are in an intersection when you see an emergency vehicle, continue through the intersection. Drive to the right as soon as it is safe and stop. • Emergency vehicles often use the wrong side of the street. They sometimes use a loudspeaker to talk to drivers blocking their path. • Obey any direction, order, or signal given by a traffic officer, law enforcement officer, or firefighter. Follow their orders even if they conflict with existing signs, signals, or laws. • You can be arrested if you drive to the scene of a fire, collision, or other disaster. Since you are getting in the way of firefighters, ambulance crews, or other rescue and emergency personnel.

High Winds

High winds can be hazardous to larger vehicles such as trucks, campers, and vehicles with trailers. When driving in high winds: • Reduce your speed. This gives you better control over your vehicle. You will have more time to react if your vehicle gets hit by a strong gust of wind. • Maintain a firm hand position on the steering wheel. Strong wind gusts are unpredictable. If you are not holding the wheel properly and a gust hits, it can jerk the steering wheel out of your hands. • Be alert. Look ahead and watch for any debris on the road. Give yourself enough time to react to road hazards. • Be proactive. It may be safer to pull over and wait for the storm to pass.

Animal-drawn vehicles

Horse-drawn vehicles and riders of horses or other animals are entitled to share the road with motor vehicles. It is a traffic offense to scare horses or stampede livestock. Slow down or stop, if necessary, or when requested to do so by the riders or herders.

Slippery service skids

Ice and packed snow on the road can cause your vehicle to skid. This is even more likely if you are driving too fast or going downhill. To prevent skidding on slippery surfaces: • Drive slowly • Slow down as you approach curves and intersections. • Avoid fast turns. • Avoid quick stops. • Leave enough space between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead of you. • Shift to low gear before going down a steep hill. • Avoid areas like ice patches, wet leaves, oil, or deep puddles. If you do start to skid: 1. Slowly remove your foot from the gas pedal/accelerator. 2. Do not use the brakes. 3. Turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. To try to stop a skid, try to get a wheel on dry pavement or on the shoulder of the road. If you get your brakes wet, you can dry them by lightly pressing the gas pedal/accelerator and brake pedals at the same time. This will cause your vehicle to drive against the pressure of the brakes. Only do this until the brakes dry. (Page 89)

Being Passed by Another Vehicle

If a vehicle is passing you or signals that they plan on passing, allow the vehicle to pass. Maintain your lane position. Do not try to go faster to avoid being passed.

Your Rights During the Enforcement Stop

If an officer asks your permission to do something, you have the right to say no. (Although under certain circumstances the officer can go ahead) The driver of a stopped vehicle must produce a driver's license, proof of insurance, and vehicle registration when stopped by law enforcement. (Passenger can say no but officer may request identification and other information, under certain circumstances. Officer may also request driver and their passengers to exit the vehicle or stay inside.)

Low Cost Insurance

If cannot afford liability insurance, you may be eligible for the California low cost automobile insurance program. (Page 103)

DUI Convictions

If convicted of DUI, DMV will suspend or revoke your driving privilege. • You will be required to complete a DUI program. • You will have to file a California insurance proof certificate • You may pay any applicable license reissue and/or restriction fees. • You may be required to install an ignition interlock device (IID) on your vehicle.

Skids

If one or more of your tires loses traction with the road and your vehicle starts to slip.

Mountain Roads

If two vehicles meet on a steep, narrow road and neither vehicle can pass, the vehicle facing uphill has the right-of-way. The vehicle facing downhill has more control when backing up the hill. The vehicle facing downhill should back up until the vehicle going uphill can pass.

Traffic Violator School Convictions

If you are given a one point traffic violation, the judge may offer you the choice to attend a Traffic violators school to have the citation not reported to your insurance company but remain on your driving record. You can do this once in any 18-month. The school will report your course completion to the court. You will also get a completion receipt. If you are a commercial driver and are cited in a non-commercial vehicle, you may also be eligible to attend traffic school.

Getting a Tickets

If you are stopped by a law enforcement officer and cited (ticketed) for a traffic violation, you sign the ticket as a promise to appear in traffic court. If you do not keep your promise and fail to appear in court, DMV may suspend your driver's license. You must clear all FTAs with the court and pay for required fees. Each time you are convicted of a moving a traffic violation, the court notifies DMV. The conviction is placed on your driver's record. Convictions reported by other states are also added to your driver's record.

DUI Arrests

If you drive in California, you consent to a breath, blood, or urine test if a law enforcement officer suspects you of DUI. Even if you take (PAS) and breath test, you may still be required to take a blood or urine test to detect the presence of drugs. If you refuse to take a breath, blood, and/or urine test, DMV will suspend or revoke your driving privilege.

Suspension or Revocation

If you get too many negligent driver points, DMV will place you on probation, suspend, and revoke your driving privilege. When this happens, you have the right to a hearing. Your suspension or revocation order will have more information about your right to a hearing. DMV will revoke your driving privilege if you are convicted of a hit and run or reckless driving that resulted in injury. Courts have the authority to suspend a persons driving privilege. At the end of your suspension or revocation, You may apply for replacement drivers license. You must show proof of financial responsibility.

Near Animals

If you see a sign with a picture of an animal (see example), be alert for possible animals in or near the roadway. If you see animals or livestock near the roadway, slow down and proceed with caution. Be sure to follow directions from the person in charge of the animals. If you see a stray animal in your path, slow down or stop if it's safe. Do not swerve as you may lose control of your vehicle and cause an accident. Be aware of sudden movements from the animals as they are unpredictable and may run into the roadway.

If Your Vehicle Becomes Disabled on the Freeway

If your Vehicle stops working on the freeway: • Safely pull over to the right shoulder. • Exit on the right side so you are away from traffic if you must get out of the vehicle. • Find assistance • Return to your vehicle as soon as you can. Get back into the vehicle from the right side (away from traffic). • Stay inside your vehicle with your seat belt on until help arrives. • Use your emergency flashers at your discretion. They help other vehicles see you at night and in different weather conditions. But they could also attract drunk drivers. There are certain circumstances where it is safer to get out of your vehicle and stay away. These include situations where there is: • Not enough space on the shoulder. • A guardrail • An area for you to safely stay away from freeway lanes.

Disabled Vehicles on Railroad Tracks

If your vehicle stalls or stops working while it is blocking any part of a train track, get out the vehicle and notify law enforcement. • If a train is approaching and warning lights are flashing: Immediately exit your vehicle. Run in a 45-degree angle away from the tracks, towards the train. Then dial 9-1-1, you may only have 20 seconds to escape before the train gets there. • If you do not see a train approaching and the warning lights and not flashing: Exit your vehicle, immediately dial the emergency notification system (ENS) number located on the railroad crossing posts or metal control box near the tracks. Provide the location, crossing number (if posted), and road or highway that intersects the tracks. Be sure to tell them that a vehicle is on the tracks. After you call ENS, call 9-1-1.

Use or Possession of Alcohol or Cannabis Products in a Vehicle

Illegal to drink or smoke or eat cannabis while you are driving or as a passenger in the vehicle. If carrying any alcohol or cannabis in your vehicle it must be sealed. If open keep it in the trunk or place where passengers do not sit. (Does not apply if you are a passenger in a bus, taxi, camper, or motorhome.) It is also illegal to keep an open container of alcohol in your glove box. (Page 97)

Notes

Im California, only federal law enforcement officers can ask you about your immigration status. In general, the first amendment protects the right of drivers and passengers to record interactions with law enforcement in public spaces. Even if you believe your rights were violated, you should not engage in physical resistance or violence against the officer.

Insurance Requirements

Insurance must cover at least: • $15,000 for a single death or injury • $30,000 for death or injury to more than one person. • $5000 for property damage Insurance must be licensed by California department of insurance.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Limits

It is Illegal for you to drive if you have BAC of: • 0.08% or higher (if you are over 21 years old) • 0.01% or higher (if you are under 21 years old) • 0.01% or higher at any age (if you are on DUI probation) • 0.04% or higher if you drive a vehicle that requires a commercial driver's license (CDL). • 0.04% or higher if you are driving a passenger for hire. Law enforcement officer can charge for DUI. (Page 98)

Evading Law Enforcement

It is a misdemeanor to use a motor vehicle to flee or attempt to evade law enforcement performing their duties. This is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for 1 year or less. A person convicted of causing serious bodily injury during the course of a law enforcement pursuit is subject to: • Imprisonment in a state prison for up to 7 years, or a county jail for 1 year or less. • A fine between $2000 and $10,000. • Both a fine and imprisonment. A person convicted of manslaughter resulting from evading law enforcement during a pursuit is subject to imprisonment in a state prison for a minimum of 4 to 10 years.

Do Not Drive Distracted

It is dangerous to drive while you are distracted. Some common distractions are: • Talking or texting on a cell phone. • Looking at a GPS. • Changing music, volume, or other controls. • Talking to passengers. • Applying makeup. • Eating. • Looking at children or pets. Avoid these distractions while you drive.

Unattended Children and Pets

It is illegal to leave a child who is 6 years old or younger unattended in a vehicle. The child may be left under the supervision of a person who is at least 12 years old. It is dangerous and illegal to leave children or animals in a hot vehicle. The temperature inside a parked vehicle can rise rapidly when it is sitting in the sun. This true even if a window is left slightly open. Too much exposure to heat can lead to dehydration, heat stroke, and death.

Know What is Behind You

Knowing what is behind you can help you avoid rear-end collisions. Your rearview mirror and side mirrors are there to help you see vehicles behind you. Check behind your vehicle before you: • Change lanes: Make sure you are not getting in the way of vehicles in the lane you want to enter. Check your blind spots. • Reduce your speed. • Turn into a side road or driveway. • Stop to pull into a parking space. • Drive down a long or steep hill. Watch for large vehicles because they can gather speed very quickly. (Page 80) • Back up. Back up slowly to try to avoid collisions. Do not depend only on your mirrors or only looking out a side window. Before you back up: - Check in front and behind the vehicle before you get in. - If you have kids with you or there kids nearby, know where they are. Make sure they are away from your vehicle and in full view before moving your vehicle. - Check your blind spots. As a safety measure, look over your right and left shoulder again while backing up. Check traffic behind you to know if another vehicle is tailgating you. Be careful if you are being tailgated, find a way to avoid the tailgater. Change lanes and allow the tailgater to pass you. Can slow down to allow space between you and the car in front of you. If does not work pull off the road and let tailgater pass.

slow moving vehicle

Large trucks, bicycles and some cars can lose speed on long or steep hills. They can also take longer to gain speed when entering traffic. Farm tractors, animal-drawn carts, and road maintenance vehicles usually travel 25 mph or less. Slow-moving vehicles have an orange/red triangle on their back. Other slow-moving vehicles that may operate on public roads may include: • wheelchairs • scooters • neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) • golf carts Adjust your speed to share the road with these vehicles. There are times when one of these vehicles may be moving slower than the speed of traffic on a two-lane highway where it is unsafe to pass. If a line of five or more vehicles forms behind the slow-moving vehicle, it must turn off the road at the nearest safe place. This could be an area designated as a turnout or an area where there is enough space for turnout.

Light Rail Vehicles

Light-rail vehicles have the same rights and responsibilities on public roadways as other vehicles. Although everyone must follow the same traffic laws, light-rail vehicles require exceptional handling ability because of their size. Safely share the road with light-rail vehicles by: • Being aware of where light-rail vehicles operate. Buildings, trees, etc., cause blind spots for the trolley operator. • Never turning in front of an approaching light-rail vehicle. • Maintaining a safe distance from the light-rail vehicle if it shares a street with vehicular traffic. • Looking for approaching light-rail vehicles before you turn across the tracks. Complete your turn only if a traffic signal light indicates you may proceed. ***Note: Light-rail vehicles can interrupt traffic signal lights. Do not proceed until the traffic signal light indicates you may proceed. (Page 61)

Electric vehicles

Local authorities can reserve parking spaces on a public street for electric vehicle charging.

Manage your speed

Make sure manage your speed and slow down when conditions call for it. Regardless of the posted speed limit, your speed should depend on: • The number of vehicles on the road. • The speed of other vehicles on the road. • The road surface - smooth, rough, graveled, wet, dry, wide, or narrow. • Bicyclists or pedestrians on or crossing the road. • Weather - rain, fog, snow, wind, or dust.

Crosswalks

Marked with solid white lines and sometimes filled with white diagonal or perpendicular lines. Shows where pedestrians should cross. Not all crosswalks are marked. Pedestrians have the right-of-way in a marked or unmarked crosswalks. If there is a stop line before the crosswalk, obey the stop line first. Some crosswalks have flashing lights. Whether or not the lights are flashing, look for pedestrians and be prepared to stop. Motorists must always yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in crosswalk.

Nonresident military personnel

May have vehicles with home state license plates or last stationed. When license plates expire, you may renew the registration in your home state or register the vehicle in California.

Motorcycles

Motorcycles have the same rights and responsibilities as car and truck drivers. They also face added dangers. Motorcycles require exceptional handling ability and are harder to see. Motorcycles can increase their chances of being seen by: • Keeping their headlight on at all times, even during the day. • Wearing a bright-colored jacket, vest, and helmet. • Adding reflective material to helmets and clothes. • Using turn signals. • Flashing their brake lights before slowing down to help others notice them. • Avoiding the blind spots of other vehicles. • Not lingering between vehicles when lane splitting. To safety share the road with motorcyclists: • Check for motorcycles and use your mirrors when you change lanes or enter a major road. Motorcycles are smaller in size and harder to see so they easily disappear in a vehicle's blind spots. • Allow a four-second following distance. This space will help you avoid hitting a motorcyclist if they brake suddenly or fall. Whenever possible, give a motorcycle the full lane. It is legal to share lanes with motorcycles, but it is not safe. • Never try to pass a motorcycle in the same lane as you. • When possible, move to one side of your lane to give motorcyclists more room to pass. • Check for motorcyclists before you open your door next to traffic. • Before you turn, check for motorcyclists and gauge their speed.

Passing

Must judge if you have enough space to pass: •An oncoming vehicle •A hill or curve •An intersection •A road obstruction •A bicyclist

Illegal parking

Never park or leave your vehicle: • Where a "No Parking" sign is posted. • On a marked or unmarked crosswalk, sidewalk, partially blocking a sidewalk, or in front of a driveway. • Within 3 feet of a sidewalk ramp for disabled persons or in front of or on a curb that provides wheelchair access to a sidewalk. • In a disabled person parking space, unless you are disabled and display a placard or disabled license plates. • In the space next to a disabled person parking space, if it is painted in a crosshatched (diagonal) pattern • In a space designated for parking or fueling zero-emission vehicles, unless you are driving a zero-emission vehicle. • In a tunnel or on a bridge, except where permitted by signs. • Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant or fire station driveway. • Between a safety zone and curb. • Double parked (parking in the street because all parking spaces by the curb are taken). • On the wrong side of the street or on a freeway, except: In an emergency When a law enforcement officer or device requires a stop. Where a stop is specifically permitted.

Example of turns

Page 36

Crossing or Entering Traffic

Page 39

How to pass

Page 40

red and white regulatory signs, Signs!

Page 50-54

Pedestrians who are Blind

Pedestrians using guide dogs or white canes (with or without a red tip) have the right-of-way at all times. These pedestrians are partially or totally blind. Be careful when you are turning or backing up. This is particularly important if you are driving a hybrid vehicle, because blind pedestrians rely on sound to know there is a vehicle nearby. • Stop at all crosswalks where pedestrians are waiting. • Do not stop in the middle of a crosswalk. This could force a blind pedestrian to walk into traffic outside of the crosswalk. • Do not turn right without looking for pedestrians first. • Do not honk your horn at a blind person. The blind person may not know who you are honking at. • Do not block any sidewalk. • When a blind person pulls in their cane and steps away from the intersection, this gesture usually means you may go.

Slippery Roads:

Rain and snow can make the roads slippery. Your tires will not have the grip they need. Drive more slowly than you would on dry road. Adjust your speed for different conditions: • Wet Road: Go 5 to 10 mph slower. • Packed snow: Reduce your speed by half. • Ice: Slow to a crawl. Some road surfaces are more slippery than others when wet. There are usually warning signs posted. Here are situations where the road may be more slippery: • Shade from trees or buildings hide icy spots on cold, wet days. These areas freeze first and dry out last. • Bridges and overpasses tend to freeze before the rest of the road. They can hide icy spots. • If it starts to rain on a hot day, the pavement can be very slippery for the first several minutes. Slow down at the first sign of rain, drizzle, or snow on the road. This is especially true if it has been dry, because oil and dust have not washed away. Turn on your windshield wipers, low-beam headlights, and defroster. In a heavy rainstorm or snowstorm, you may be able to see more than 100 feet, it is not safe to drive faster than 30 mph. Make sure you wipe mud or snow off your windshield, headlights, and taillights. If you drive in snowy areas, carry snow chains for your tires. Snow chain give you more traction, make sure you have correct number of chains and fit on the wheels. Slow down when there is a lot of water in the road. If you drive faster than 50 mph in heavy rain, your tires will lose all contact with the road and your vehicle will be riding on water "hydroplane". If hydroplane happens, slow down gradually. Do not use the brakes.

Turning

Rear wheels follow a shorter path that the front wheels.

Signs

Red STOP Sign: Make a full stop before entering the crosswalk or at the limit line. Red YIELD Sign: Slow down and be ready to stop (if necessary) to let any vehicle, bicyclist, or pedestrian pass before you proceed.

Air bags

Ride at least 10 inches from the airbag cover, maintain full control of your vehicle. Children seated next to a side air bag may be at risk of serious or fatal injuries.

Know what is ahead of you

Scan the road 10 to 15 seconds ahead of your vehicle so you can see hazards early and avoid last minute moves. Look beyond the vehicle ahead of you. Do not constantly look at the vehicle in front of you. This is known as a fixed stare and can be dangerous.

Traffic congestion

Small changes in your driving habits can help reduce traffic congestion. Avoid: • Tailgating: Following the vehicle in front of you too closely. • Unnecessary lane changes: Weaving in and out of freeway lanes. • Distractions: Eating, grooming, talking on a cell phone, texting, reading, etc. • Driving a poorly maintained or malfunctioning vehicle. • Running out of fuel or battery charge.

Choose Between Hazards

Sometimes there will be dangers on both sides of the road at the same time. For example, parked cars to the right and oncoming cars to the left. If one danger is greater than the other, give more space to the most dangerous situation. Suppose you are on a two-lane road with an oncoming vehicle to the left and a bicyclist ahead of your right. Instead of driving between the vehicle and the bicyclist, take one danger at a time. Slow down and let the oncoming vehicle pass. When the vehicle has passed, move to the left to allow plenty of space (at least three feet) to pass the bicyclist. If there is a steady flow of oncoming vehicles, use as much of the left lane as you safely can to pass the bicyclist. (Page 88)

Accelerator malfunction

Steps if your gas pedal/accelerator becomes stuck: 1. Shift to neutral. 2. Apply the brakes. 3. Keep your eyes on the road. 4. Look for a way out of traffic. 5. Honk your horn and turn on your emergency flashers to warn other drivers. 6. Try to drive the safely off the road. 7. Stop and turn off the ignition. (Page 90)

Driving off the Pavement

Steps if your wheels drift off the pavement: 1. Grip the steering wheel firmly. 2. Remove your foot from the gas pedal/accelerator. 3. Brake gently. 4. Check for traffic behind you. 5. Carefully steer back onto the pavement. Do not pull or turn your steering wheel with too much force. This may cause you to drive into oncoming traffic.

Tailgating

Tailgating makes it harder for you to see the road ahead because the vehicle in front of you blocks your view. You also will not have enough time to react if the driver in front of you breaks suddenly. If a vehicle merges in front of you too closely take your foot off the gas pedal. This creates space between you and the vehicle ahead without needing to slam on your brakes or swerve into another lane. Use the three second rule to avoid tailgating. When the vehicle ahead of you pass a certain point, such as a sign, count three seconds. If you pass the same point before you finish counting, you are following too closely.

Be familiar with new technology

Technology in vehicles is always advancing. Self driving vehicles and vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) on the road. Vehicles with these systems may respond to road situations differently than a human driver would.

Buses, Streetcars, and Trolleys

The passing speed limit when a bus, streetcar, or trolley is stopped, and it is safe to pass, is no more than 10 mph.

Near Railroad Tracks

The speed limit is 15 mph within 100 feet of a railroad crossing where you cannot see the tracks for 400 feet in both directions. You may drive faster than 15 mph if the crossing is controlled by gates, a warning signal, or a flag man.

Business or Residential Districts

The speed limit is 25 mph, unless otherwise posted.

Light Rail Crossings

The train crossing rules apply. Light rail vehicles are very quiet and accelerate more quickly than trains.

Green driving

Tips to drive green: page 44

Sun glare:

To help manage sun glare: • Keep the inside and outside of your windshield clean. • Make sure your windshield wipers are in good working order. • Make sure your wiper fluid is full. • Wear polarized sunglasses. • Maintain enough space between your vehicle and the vehicles around you. • Make sure your car visor works and is free of anything that would restrict use. • Be aware of pedestrians. You may have difficulty seeing them. • Try to avoid driving during sunrise and sunset.

Traffic Breaks

Traffic Breaks are used by law enforcement to: • Slow or stop traffic to remove hazards from the roadway. • Conduct emergency operations. • Prevent traffic collisions in heavy fog or unusually heavy traffic. During a traffic break, the officer turns the rear emergency lights and slowly weaves across lanes. To be helpful: • Turn on your emergency flashers to warn other drivers. • Slowly decrease your speed to the same speed as the officer. Do not brake suddenly unless necessary to avoid a collision. Keep a safe distance from the patrol vehicle ahead of you. • Do not attempt to drive past the patrol vehicle. Do not accelerate until the patrol vehicle has turned off its emergency lights and traffic conditions ahead allow the traffic to return to normal speeds. (Page 85)

Laws and Rules of the Road

Traffic Control: Solid Red Light: means "Stop" Red Arrow: A red arrow "Stop". Remain stopped until a green traffic signal light or green arrow appears. Do not turn at a red arrow. Flashing Red Light: A flashing red light means "Stop". Solid Yellow Light: A yellow traffic signal light means "Caution". The light is about to turn red. When you see a yellow traffic signal light, stop (if you can safely.) If you can not safely, cautiously cross the intersection. Yellow Arrow: A yellow arrow means the "protected" turning time is ending. Flashing Yellow: A flashing yellow traffic signal light is a warning to "Proceed with caution." Flashing Yellow Arrow: You can turn, but your turn is not protected from other traffic. Yield for oncoming traffic and pedestrians to clear the intersection, and then proceed with caution. Solid Green Light: A green traffic light means "Go." Green Arrow: A green arrow means "Go." The green arrow allows you to make a protected turn. Oncoming vehicles are stopped by a protected turn. Yield for any vehicle, bicyclist, or pedestrian still in the intersection. Traffic Signal Light Not Working (Blackout) Stop as if the intersection is controlled by "Stop" signs in all directions. Then proceed cautiously.

Points on Your Driver's Record

Traffic convictions and collisions stay on your record for 36 months (for longer, depending on the type of conviction). Your license may be suspended when your driver's record shows one of the following point totals: • 4 points in 12 months • 6 points in 24 months • 8 points in 36 months The point count may vary for commercial drivers. (Page 75)

Fog or Heavy Smoke

Try to avoid trying in heavy fog or smoke. If you must drive in heavy fog or smoke: • Drive slowly. • Use your low-beam headlights. High-beam headlights will reflect back and cause glare. • Never drive using only your parking or fog lights. • Make sure you can stop within the space you can ahead. • Increase your following distance. • Use your windshield wipers and defroster as necessary. • Avoid crossing lanes or passing traffic unless absolutely necessary. • Listen for traffic you cannot see. If the fog becomes too thick to drive safely, consider pulling off the road. Activate your emergency flashers and wait for conditions to improve.

During a law enforcement stop

Turn on your right turn signal to acknowledge that you see the officer. Move completely onto the right shoulder, even if in the carpool/ HOV lane. Stop in a well-lit area when possible. End your cell phone conversation and turn off your radio. Remain inside your vehicle unless directed to get out by the officer. Roll the windows down after stopping your vehicle and before the officer makes contact with you. Place your hands and all passengers' hands in clear view before the officer makes contact with you. This may be on the steering wheel, dashboard, or your lap.

Around Children

When driving within 500 to 1,000 feet of a school while children are outside or crossing the street, the speed limit is 25 mph unless otherwise posted. Some school zones may have speed limit as low as 15 mph.

Bicycling at Night

When it is dark out, bicyclist should avoid wearing dark clothing. They must have the following equipment: • A front lamp with a white light visible from 300 feet. • A rear red reflector, a solid red light, or a flashing red light. This must have a built-in reflector that is visible 500 feet. • A white or yellow reflector on each pedal, the bicyclist's shoes, or their ankles. These must be visible from 200 feet. • A white or yellow reflector on the front wheel, a white or red reflector on the rear wheel or reflectorized tires.

Road Workers and Work Zones

When there are workers, slow-moving equipment, and closed lanes ahead. Remember to go through the work zone carefully. • Slow down • Allow extra space between vehicles • Merge early • Expect sudden slowing or stopping • Watch for drivers changing lanes at the last minute • Avoid distractions Cones, drums, or other barriers will guide you through the work zone. Reduce your speed. Prepare to slow down or stop for highway equipment. Merge as soon as it is safe without crossing the cones or drums. Watch for bicycles if lanes are narrow or the shoulder is closed. Share the road when they are present. Watch for work zone speed limit and reduced speed limit warning signs. Do not stop or slow down to watch the road work. Obey special signs or instructions from workers (flaggers).

Buying or Selling a Vehicle

When you buy a vehicle, you have 10 days to transfer ownership of the vehicle to yourself. If you sell a vehicle to another person, you must notify DMV within 5 days.

Reporting a collision

When you have a collision, report it to DMV within 10 days if: • More than $1,000 in damage was done to the property of any person. • Anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed. Your driving privilege will be suspended if you fail to file a report.

Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEV) and Low-speed Vehicles (LSV)

When you see these signs or markings: NEV USE ONLY or NEV ROUTE, watch out for slow-moving vehicles in the roadway. NEVs and LSVs are restricted from roadways where the speed limit is greater than 35 mph. NEVs and LSVs reach a maximum speed of 25 mph. Owners of registered NEVs and LSVs must comply with financial responsibility laws and have a valid driver's license.

Never make a U-turn:

Where a "No U-turn" sign is posted. • At or on a railroad crossing. • On a divided highway by crossing a dividing section, curb, strip of land, or two sets of double yellow lines. • When you cannot see clearly for 200 feet in each direction because of a curve, hill, rain, fog, or other reason. • When other vehicles may hit you. • On a one-way street. • In front of a fire station. Never use a fire station driveway to turn around. • In business districts, including areas with churches, apartments, and public buildings (except schools). In these areas, turn only at an intersection (unless a sign forbids it), or where openings are provided for turns.

Understand the road conditions: Darkness

While driving in the night, make sure you can stop in the distance lit by headlights. Use your high beam headlights when possible. This includes open country or dark city streets. Do not use high beam lights where it is illegal. Dim your lights to avoid blinding the driver of an oncoming vehicle with your high-beam headlights. • If another vehicle's lights are too bright: - Do not look directly into the oncoming headlights. - Look toward the right edge of your lane. - Watch the oncoming vehicle out of the corner of your eye. - Do not react to the other driver by keeping your high-beam headlights on. This only makes it harder for both of you to see. When it is raining at night, use your low-beam headlights. Do not drive using only your parking lights.

Seat Belts

You and your passengers must wear seat belts. You can get a ticket if you do not. If your passenger is under 16 years old, you can also get a ticket if they are not wearing their seat belt. Wear lap belt and shoulder harness to increase survival during a collision. Seat belt correctly: • Wear the shoulder harness across your shoulder and chest. There should be little, if any, slack. Do not wear the shoulder harness under your arm or behind your back. Wearing the harness the wrong way could cause serious internal injuries in a collision. • Adjust the lap belt so that it is snug and lies low across your hips. Otherwise you might slide out of the belt in a crash. This could result in injury or death. • If you are pregnant, wear the lap belt as low as possible under your abdomen. Place the shoulder strap between your breasts and to the side of your abdomen's bulge.

Towing

You must drive in the far-right lane or in a lane marked for slower vehicles when you: • Tow a vehicle or trailer • Drive a bus • Drive a truck with three or more axles If no lanes are marked and there are four or more lanes in your direction, you may only drive in the two lanes closest to the right edge of the road. Pedestrians, bicyclist, and other vehicles may experience sudden strong winds when they are passing you or you are passing them. Slow down and pass safely.

Heavy Traffic or Bad Weather

You must drive slower when there is heavy traffic or bad weather. At the same time you should not block reasonable traffic flow by driving too slowly. You may be cited if you do. If you chose to drive slower than other traffic, do not drive in the fast lane. Move to the right when another driver is close behind you and wishes to drive faster. (Page 69)

Child Restraint System and Safety Seats

You must secure children with a federally-approved child passenger restraint system or safety belt. The requirements depend on the child's height and age. • Children under 2 years old: Secure in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system. This applies unless the child weighs 40 pounds or more or is 3 feet 4 inches or taller. (Page 86) A child in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system may not ride in the front seat of an airbag-equipped vehicle. • Children under 8 years old, or who are less than 4 feet 9 inches tall: secure in a federally-approved child passenger restraint system in a rear seat. • In some cases, children under 8 old may ride in the front seat of a vehicle in a federally-approved child passenger restraint system. They may ride in the front seat if: - There is no rear seat. - The rear seats are side-facing jump seats. - The rear seats are rear-facing seats. - The child passenger restraint system cannot be installed properly in the rear seat. - All rear seats are already occupied by children 7 years old or younger. - Medical reasons prevent the child from riding in the back seat. • Children who are 8 years old or older, or who are at least 4 feet 9 inches tall: May use a properly secured safety belt that meets federal standards. Your local law enforcement agency or fire department can check the installation of your child passenger restraint system. As your child grows, check to see if the child passenger restraint system is the right size.

Hills and Curves

You never know what is on the other side of a steep hill or a sharp curve. Slow down so you can stop for hazards if you need to. If your view is blocked, assume there is a vehicle on the other side. Only pass a vehicle in front of you if the hill or curve is at least one third of a mile away. You need at least that much room to pass safely.

Driving without insurance

Your driving privilege will be suspended for up to four years if you are in a collision and do not have proper insurance coverage. It does not matter who was at fault. You can get your driver's license back during the last three years of the suspension if you provide a California insurance proof certificate and maintain it during the three year period.

roundabouts

one way circular intersection in which traffic flows around a center island. Roundabouts do not have bicycle lanes. How to use a roundabout: 1. Slow down as you approach. 2. Yield to all traffic, including bicyclists and pedestrians crossing the road. 3. Watch for signs and lane markings that guide you. 4. Enter heading to the right when there is a big enough gap traffic to merge safely. 5. Travel in a counter-clockwise direction. Do not stop or pass. 6. Signal when you change lanes or exit. 7. If you miss your exit, continue around until you return to your exit. • If roundabout has multiple lanes. Choose your entry or exit lane based on your destination. - Turn right at the intersection (yellow car): Choose the right-hand lane and exit in the right-hand lane. - Go straight through the intersection (red car): Choose either lane. Exit in the lane you entered. - Enter and continue driving in the direction that you choose (blue car). Page 56

Tailgating continue: allow for more space when:

• A tailgater is behind you. Allow extra space ahead and do not break suddenly. Slow down gradually or merge into another lane to prevent a collision with the tailgater. • The driver behind you wants to pass. Allow enough distance in front of your vehicle so the driver will have space to merge in front of you. • Driving on slippery roads. • Following motorcyclist or bicyclist on wet or icy roads, metal surfaces (Bridge gratings, Railroad tracks, etc.) and gravel. • Towing a trailer or carrying a heavy load. The extra weight makes it harder to stop. • Following large vehicles that block your view ahead. The extra space allows you to see around the vehicle. • You see a bus, school bus, or a vehicle with a placard at railroad crossings. These vehicles must stop at railroad crossings. • Merging onto a freeway.

Near schools look for:

• Bicyclists and pedestrians. • School safety patrols or crossing guards. Be sure to obey their directions. For the crossing guard's safety, allow them to safely get to the side of the road before driving ahead. • Stopped school buses and children crossing the street. -Some school buses flash yellow lights when preparing to stop to let children off the bus. The yellow flashing lights warn you to slow down and prepare to stop. - When the bus flashes red lights, you must stop from either direction until the children are safely across the street and the lights stop flashing. - The law requires you remain stopped as long as the red lights are flashing. If you fail to stop, you may be fined up to 1000 and driving privilege could be suspended for one year. (Page 70) - If the school bus is on the other side of a divided or multilane highway (two or more lanes in each direction), you do not need to stop.

If arrested for DUI:

• California Administrative per se law requires DMV to suspend your driving privilege. • The law enforcement officer may take your driver's license and give you a temporary driver's license for 30 days. • You may request a DMV administrative hearing within 10 days from the date of you arrest.

maneuvering around large vehicles and trucks do not:

• Change lanes directly in front of them to reach an exit or turn. Driving into a tight space in front of a large vehicle or truck is dangerous. • Drive next to them longer then you need to when passing. Always pass a vehicle on the left side. After you pass the large vehicle or truck, move ahead of it. Driving alongside a large vehicle makes it hard for the driver to avoid dangers in the road. • Follow too closely. Give a truck more space than you would with a smaller vehicle. If you cannot see the truck's mirrors, the truck cannot see you. • Underestimate the size and speed of an approaching large vehicle or tractor-trailer. A large vehicle or tractor-trailer appears to be moving slower due to its size. Many of these types happen at intersections.

Check your blind spots before you:

• Changes lanes. • Turn at an intersection. • Merge with traffic. • Back up. • Leave a parking space. • Parallel park. • Pull out from the curb. • Open your car door.

Here are ways to help you avoid distractions on your cell phone and focus on safe driving:

• Do not answer your cell phone if it rings. Let the call go to voicemail. • Pull off the road if you must make a call. • Have a passenger make the phone call if possible. • Use the audio navigation function. Do not input navigation instructions. • Do not change music on your cell phone. • Only make calls to get help in an emergency. • Mount your cell phone on the windshield, dashboard, or center console. It cannot block your view of the road. • Use the single swipe or touch feature on the mounted cell phone. Do not use your cell phone: • During hazardous conditions • To engage in distracting conversations • To text or email while driving unless using a speech to text feature.

Causes of collisions are:

• Driver distractions. • Unsafe speed. • Improper turns. • Not following the right-of-way rules. • Not following stop signals and signs. • Driving on the wrong side of the road. • A vehicle traveling faster or slower than the flow of traffic. If you see a vehicle's emergency flashers ahead, slow down. There may be a collision or other road emergency. Pass carefully. Avoid driving near collisions. If anyone is injured, they will get help faster if other vehicles are not blocking the road.

No matter what age you are, it is illegal to drive after:

• Driving excessive amounts of alcohol in any form. This includes medications like cough syrup. • Taking any drug that affects your ability to drive. This includes prescriptions or over-the-counter medications. • Using any combination of alcohol or drugs that decreases your ability to drive safely. If law enforcement officer thinks you are driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, they have the right to ask you to take a blood or urine rest. If you refuse to take one, DMV will suspend or revoke your driving privilege.

Be aware of your surroundings

• Green: Ahead of you • Blue: Next to you • Yellow: Blind spots • Red: Behind you Page 77

Do not pass:

• If you are approaching a hill or curve and you cannot see if there is another vehicle approaching. •Within 100 feet of an intersection •At crossroads and driveways

When you drive at night, remember:

• Pedestrians and bicyclists are much harder to see at night. Stay alert. • Motorcycles are also harder to see at night. Most have only one taillight. • Highway construction can take place at night. Reduce your speed in highway construction zones. • When you leave a brightly lit place, drive slowly until your eyes adjust to the darkness. • When a vehicle with one light drives toward you, drive as far to the right possible. It could be a bicyclist, motorcyclist, or vehicle with a missing headlight.

Pedestrians

• People who travel on foot • A person traveling other than a vehicle or bicycle. This includes roller skates, a skateboard, etc. • A person with a disability using a tricycle, quadricycle, or wheelchair for transportation. Although pedestrians have the right-of-way. They also must follow the rules of the road. When there is a pedestrian crossing a roadway with or without a crosswalk, you must use caution, slow your speed, or stop to allow the pedestrian to safely finish crossing. Other things to keep in mind: • Do not pass a vehicle stopped at a crosswalk. You may not be able to see pedestrian crossing the street. • Do not drive on a sidewalk, except to cross it to enter or exit a driveway or alley. When crossing, yield to all pedestrians. • Do not stop in a crosswalk. This may put pedestrians in danger. • If a pedestrian makes eye contact with you, they are ready to cross the street. Yield to the pedestrian. • Obey all signs pedestrians more time to cross the street: - seniors - people with disabilities - people with young children

road conditions can cause motorcyclists to suddenly change speed or direction. These include:

• Potholes • Gravel • Wet or slippery surfaces • Pavement seams • Railroad crossings • Grooved pavement

Critical Roadway Information, you must not continued (pg 73-74)

• Put signs or other objects on the front windshield or back side windows that block your view. Do not hang objects on the mirror. Windshield and window stickers, etc. are allowed only in these locations: - A 7-inch square on either the lower corner of the passenger's side windshield or the lower corner of the rear window. - A 5-inch square on the lower corner of the driver's side window. - On the side windows behind the driver. - Interfere with a funeral procession. You can be ticketed. A funeral procession is led by a traffic officer and has the right-of-way. All vehicles taking part in the procession have windshield markers to identify them and have their headlights on. • Operate a vehicle that a visual or electronic product or device that makes it hard to read the license plate. • After a license plate in any way.

Critical Roadway Information, you must not:

• Smoke when a minor is in the vehicle. You can be fined up to 100 dollars. • Dump or abandon animals on a highway. This crime is punishable up to 1000 dollars, 6 months in jail or both. • Send or read a text message or emails while you are driving. • Wear a headset or ear plugs while you are driving. • Drive a vehicle so loaded with property or people that you cannot control, see ahead, or see to the sides of your vehicle. - It is illegal to drive any vehicle with an unsecured load that is a safety hazard. Unsecured loads like ladders, buckets, and loose items in the back of pickup trucks can fall onto the road and be dangerous for other motorist and motorcyclist. • Carry anything in or on a passenger vehicle which extends beyond the fenders on the left side beyond the fenders on the right side. Cargo that extends more than four feet from the back-rear bumper of the vehicle must display a 12-inch red or fluorescent orange square flag. At night, this cargo must be marked with two red lights. • Allow a person to ride in the back of a pickup truck unless vehicle has seats. The passenger must use both the seat and a safety belt. • Transport animals in the back of a pickup or truck unless the animal is properly secured. This prevents the animal from falling, jumping, or being thrown from the vehicle. • Drive a vehicle equipped with a video monitor, if the monitor is visible to the driver and displays anything other than the vehicle information, global mapping, external media player, or satellite radio information. • Throw a cigarette, cigar, or other flaming or glowing substance from your vehicle.

Drivers under 21

• Under 21 illegal to possess alcohol. Exception: If you are working for someone with an off-site liquor sales license, you may carry alcoholic beverages in closed containers. • If caught with alcohol, law enforcement can impound your vehicle for up to 30 days. The court may fine you to 1000 and suspend license up to a 1 year. Dmv can suspend license up to 1 year. Consuming alcohol: Convicted of BAC 0.01% or higher, DMV may revoke your driving privilege for 1 year. - On first offense, must complete a licensed DUI program. - If have any more offenses, you might have to complete a longer DUI program. • If PAS, BAC shows 0.05% or higher, officer may require you to take a breath or blood test. • If a later test shows you have a BAC of 0.05% or higher, you may be arrested for a DUI and your driving privilege may be suspended. (Page 100)

You must:

• Use your headlights beginning 30 minutes after the sunset. • Use your headlights until 30 minutes before sunrise. • Dim your high-beam headlights to low beams within 500 feet of a vehicle coming toward you or within 300 feet of a vehicle you are following.

Right-of-Way Rules at Intersections

• Without "Stop" or "Yield" signs: Vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians that get to the intersection first have the right-of-way. If a vehicle or bicycle gets to the intersection at the same time as you, give right-of-way to the vehicle or bicycle on your right. • "T" intersections without "Stop" or "Yield" signs: Vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians on the through road (continuing to go straight) have the right-of-way. • "Stop" signs at all corners: Stop first. Then follow the right-of-way rules. • Turning left: Give the right-of-way to any approaching vehicle that is close enough to be dangerous. Check for motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians. • Turning right: Check for pedestrians crossing the street, and motorcycles and bicycles riding next to you. • Green traffic signal light: Pedestrians have the right-of-way. • Divided highways or highways with several lanes: Watch for vehicles coming in any lane you will cross or enter. • Entering traffic: Yield to traffic before entering.

DMV may suspend your driver's license if:

• You are involved in a collision and do not have insurance. • A vehicle you own is involved in a collision and DMV is not sure who was driving. • The collision is not covered by your insurance policy.

Here are some additional penalties if you are convicted of DUI:

• You may be sentenced to up to 6 months in jail. • You may have to pay a fine between $390-$1000 • Law enforcement may impound your vehicle and you may have to pay a storage fee. • If you cause serious injury or death while driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, you may face civil lawsuits. All DUI convictions remain on your driver's record for 10 years. If you get any other DUIs during that time, the court and/or DMV may give you a harsher penalty. (Page 99)

What to do if you are in a collision

• You must stop. Someone could be injured and need your help. Failing to stop is called a "hit-and-run". The punishment is severe if you are convicted of a hit-and-run. • Call 9-1-1 right away if anyone is hurt. • Move your vehicle out of traffic if no one is hurt. Then call 9-1-1. • Show your driver's license, vehicle registration card, insurance information, and current address to the other driver, law enforcement officer, and anyone else involved in the collision. • You must make a report to law enforcement within 24 hours of the collision if anyone is injured or killed. Your insurance agent, broker, or legal representative can also file the report. • Try to find the owner if your vehicle hits or rolls into a parked car or other property. If you cannot find the owner, leave a note with your name, phone number, and address. Securely attach the note to the vehicle or property. Report the collision to law enforcement. • If you kill or injure an animal, call the nearest humane society or law enforcement. Do not try to move an injured animal. Do not leave an injured animal to die.

What you need to know about record confidentiality

• most information in your driving record is available to the public. • Records containing a physical or mental condition or confidential. There are fewer restrictions of your mailing address. • you can get a copy of your driving record at any DMV kiosk or office.

Parking on a hill

•Downhill: Turn front tires toward or into the curb or road shoulder •Uphill with curb: Turn front tires away from curb •Uphill and no curb: Turn front tires toward the road shoulder Always set parking brake

When you enter a highway, you will need to:

•Enter at or near the speed of traffic •Merge into highway traffic when safe to do so. Do not stop unless absolutely necessary. •Merge into a space large enough for your vehicle to safely join the lane. Do not try to merge into a gap that is too small. •Use your mirrors and turn signals. •Watch for vehicles around you. Turn your head to quickly look over your shoulder before changing lanes or merging into traffic. •Leave three seconds of space between you and the vehicle ahead of you. Make sure you can stop safely if you need to. Note: If you need to cross several lanes, cross them one at a time, and check your blind spots for vehicles each time.

To exit a highway safely:

•Know your exit and be aware of when it is approaching. •If you plan to change lanes, signal and look over your shoulder to check your blind spot. •Change lanes one at a time until you are in the proper lane to exit. •When exiting, signal your intention or about five seconds. •Make sure you are at a safe speed to exit.

Parking at colored curbs

•White: Stop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers. Green: Park for a limited time. The time limit may be posted on signs or painted on the curb. Yellow: Load and unload Passengers and freight. Do not stop longer than the time posted. If you drive a noncommercial vehicle, you are usually required to stay with your vehicle. Red: No stopping, standing, or parking. Buses may stop at a red zone marked for buses. Blue: Parking for a disabled person or someone driving a disabled person. (Page 43, top)