Calvin cycle
What are the inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle?
2. INPUTS - PRODUCTS- NADPH +ATP
Pigment
A colored chemical compound that absorbs light, producing color.
Calvin Cycle, Stage 3: regeneration
All the molecules produced from _____ are floating in the cycle and a provider for building block
• Summarize the overall process of photosynthesis.
• 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 • The light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes, convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH. • The light reactions use the reactant water from the equation and release the product oxygen. • The Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide to sugar
Photosynthesis provides oxygen, but after that what happens?
Next the Calvin Cycle must produce sugar to give the plant energy. The Calvin Cycle produces the raw materials to do this sugar production.
What molecule is the direct product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
-photosynthesis - sugars
The cycle uses the energy produced by ____________ to synthesize _______ (such as glucose) by reducing CO2.
Rubisco
The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP).
Chlorophyll
The pigment that helps the plant absorb light, makes plant green
How is that molecule then used by plant cells?
The plant can use the sugar to build other organic molecules.
dark reactions
The reactions of this cycle are called the ___________ because they do NOT depend on light energy directly.
CO2
_____ from air is fixed.That is the power of calvin cycle. Power of synthesizing molecules.
Stage 3: Regeneration
_________: Ribulose 1,5_BP is a ribulose, pentoketose. 5 carbons. It accepts the carbons to be fixed on it, in order to make more complex molecules. Hence the reducing power. Must be regenerated
Stage 2: Reduction
_________: adding reducing power. Plants are putting energy in (we take the energy out of 3-phosphoglycerate). Reduce the carbons adding more energy to them to eventually build fructose 6-phosphate.
Stage 1: fixation
_________: carbon fixation getting free carbons and fixing them to a molecule.
Calvin Cycle
a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP
Light
What do the calvin reaction not depend on?
Uses NADPH not NADH
What is different between the Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme in the calvin reaction compared to gyloclysis and gluconeogensis?
Thylakoid membrane space
Where does oxidation/phosphorylation occur?
Stroma
Where does the calvin cycle happen? This is because everything is pumped outside the Thylakoid.
NADPH
CO2 is reduced using the reducing potential of _______ that is also produced by photosynthesis.
Which stage of photosynthesis uses each reactant from the overall photosynthesis equation?
Calvin Cycle
No
Can the glucose 6-phosphate be used to build polymers?
Which stage generates each product from the overall photosynthesis equation?
Stage 1-By converting light energy to chemical energy Stage 2-The Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide to sugar
Thylakoid space
Thylakoid lumen is also called ?
NADPH and ATP
To link carbons together it needs energy. generates ___ and ___ to utilize this energy.
1. Fixation 2. Reduction 3. Regeneration
What are the three stages?
It is built from units of carbon dioxide.
What different about the glucose 1-phosphate built in the Calvin cycle compared to glucose 1-phosphate from the galactose entry to glycolysis?
Explain the Calvin cycle:
• makes sugar. • starting compound called RuBP, • each turn of the Calvin cycle, there are chemical inputs and outputs. • The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. • cycle uses carbon from the carbon dioxide, energy from the ATP, and high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from the NADPH. • The cycle's output is an energy-rich sugar molecule. • That sugar is not yet glucose, but a smaller sugar named G3P. • The plant cell uses G3P as the raw material to make glucose and other organic molecules it needs.
