Campbell Biology: Homework #4

Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system? a. tracheid - vascular tissue b. companion cell - ground tissue c. guard cell - vascular tissue d. root hair - vascular tissue

A. Trachied- vascular tissue

Plant meristematic cells _____. a. are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells b. are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant c. subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, ground meristem, and procambium d. increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs

A. are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible? a. increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem b. increased absorption of carbon dioxide. c. decreased absorption of mineral nutrients d. effective lateral growth of the stem

A. increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they? a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. endodermis

A. parenchyma

Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function? a. sclerenchyma - supporting cells with thick secondary walls b. periderm - parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves c. ground meristem - protective coat of woody stems and roots d. guard cells - waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots

A. sclerenchyma - supporting cells with thick secondary walls

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances? a. sieve-tube elements b. tracheids and vessel elements c. sclerenchyma cells d. parenchyma cells

A. sieve-tube elements

The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by _____. a. water potentials b. prevailing weather conditions c. aquaporins d. level of active transport

A. water potentials

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward? a. zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation b. zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation c. zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation d. zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division

A. zone of cell division , zone of elongation, zone of differentiation

Transpiration in plants requires _____. I) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose II) cohesion between water molecules III) evaporation of water molecules IV) active transport through xylem cells V) transport through tracheids a. I, II, III, and IV b. I, II, III, and V c. I, II, IV, and V d. I, III, IV, and V

B. I, II, III, and V

Which of the following are important components of the long-distance transport process in plants? I) the cohesion of water molecules II) a negative water potential III) the root parenchyma IV) the active transport of solutes V) bulk flow from source to sink a. I, II, III, and V b. I, II, IV, and V c. II, III, IV, and V d. I, III, IV, and V

B. I, II, IV, and V

Girdling is a procedure to kill unwanted tress by cutting a groove into the bark of the tree. The groove must completely encircle the trunk and should penetrate into the wood to a depth of at least -inch on small trees, and 1- inches on larger trees. Why does this procedure cause tree death? a. No water can be transported from the roots to the leaves. b. No sugars can be transported from the leaves to the roots. c. No water can be transported from the leaves to the roots. d. Both water and sugars are prevented from being transported.

B. No sugars can be transported from the leaves to the roots.

Canada thistle is a dicot that spreads via growth from lateral roots. You want to use a root miner insect for weed control. What would you need to observe in the underground growth to verify that this weed spreads via lateral roots and not by underground stems? a. vascular bundles in a ring around the outside of a cross section b. a vascular bundle in the center surrounded by parenchyma tissue c. meristematic tissue at the tips of the branches d. an epidermis at the periphery

B. a vascular bundle in the center surrounded by parenchyma tissue

The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would _____. a. be from the sucrose solution into the tissue b. be from the tissue into the sucrose solution c. be in both directions and the concentration of water would remain equal d. be impossible to determine from the values given here

B. be from the tissue into the sucrose solution

If isolated plant cells with a water potential averaging -0.5 MPa are placed into a solution with a water potential of -0.3 MPa, which of the following would be the most likely outcome? a. Water would move out of the cells. b. The pressure potential of the cells would increase. c. The cell walls would rupture, killing the cells. d. Solutes would move out of the cells.

B. the pressure potential of the cells would increase

How does a flaccid cell differ from a turgid cell? a. A flaccid cell has higher solute potential. b. A flaccid cell has lower solute potential. c. A flaccid cell has lower pressure potential. d. A flaccid cell has higher pressure potential.

C. A flaccid cell has lower pressure potiential

Active transport of amino acids in plants at the cellular level requires _____. a. xylem membranes and channel proteins b. NADP and channel proteins c. ATP, transport proteins, and a proton gradient d. sodium/potassium pumps and xylem membranes

C. ATP, transport proteins, and a proton gradient

Which of the following contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system? I) root hairs II) endodermis III) mycorrhizae IV) fibrous arrangement of the roots a. I, II, and IV b. II and III c. I, III, and IV d. I, II, III, and IV

C. I, III, and IV

What is the primary function of stems? a. Facilitation of gas exchange b. Reproduction c. Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves d. Water absorption and movement

C. Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves

Trichomes _____. a. open and close for gas exchange b. increase water loss from leaves c. repel or trap insects d. absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves

C. Repel or trap insects

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity? a. tubers b. leaves c. secondary xylem d. trichomes

C. Secondary xylem

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily _____. a. continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem b. continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root c. elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem d. continuous cell division of root cap cells

C. elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem

In plant roots, the Casparian strip _____. a. provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex b. ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts c. ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele d. aids in the uptake of nutrients

C. ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, _____. a. the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem b. the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium c. the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark d. the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm

C. the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phleom, and bark

Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are _____. a. vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem; cork cambium, producing secondary xylem b. vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem c. vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork d. vascular cambium, producing cork; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem

C. vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region? I) the region of cell division II) immature buds and leaves III) cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium a. only I b. only II c. only III d. I, II, and III

D. I, II, and III

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree? a. Nowhere; trees more than a year old have only secondary growth. b. closest to ground level at the base of the tree c. where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are located d. in young branches where leaves are forming

D. In young branches were leaves are forming

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency? a. The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed. b. Active transport of minerals was inhibited. c. Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. d. Mycorrhizal fungi were killed.

D. Mycorrhizal fungi were killed

Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence against root pressure being the principal mechanism of water transport in the xylem? a. Root pressure requires movement of water into the xylem from surrounding cells in the roots. b. There is no water potential gradient between roots and shoots. c. Not all soils have high concentrations of ions. d. Over long distances, the force of root pressure is not enough to overcome the force of gravity.

D. Over long distances, the force of root pressure is not enough to overcome the force of gravity.

Why do most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy, with leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5° compared to leaves above and below? a. To reduce shading of lower leaves b. To promote a leaf area index above 8 c. To allow maximum exposure to light d. To allow maximum exposure to light and to reduce shading of lower leaves

D. To allow maximum exposure to light and to reduce shading of lower leaves.

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division? a. a stem fiber b. a tracheid c. a functional sieve tube element d. a parenchyma cell near the root tip

D. a parenchyma cell near the root tip

The _____ is the most efficient route of water movement in plants, while the _____ is the most select. a. apoplast: symplast b. transmembrane: symplast c. symplast apoplast d. apoplast: transmembrane

D. apoplast: transmemberane

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will _____. a. have a faster rate of active transport b. have a lower water potential c. have a higher water potential d. have a faster rate of osmosis

D. have a faster rate of osmosis

Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land plants were most likely _____. a. species that did not exhibit alternation of generations b. plants with well-developed leaves c. vascular plants with well-defined root systems d. nonvascular plants that grew leafless, photosynthetic shoots

D. nonvascular plants that grew leafless, photosynthetic shoots

Which mechanism of water transport in xylem can contribute to recovery from cavitation? a. capillarity b. cohesion-tension c. pressure flow d. root pressure

D. root pressure

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? a. dermal tissue b. leaves c. secondary xylem d. secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

D. secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

When an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution and water enters the cell via osmosis, the volume of the cell increases until it bursts. This does not happen to plant cells, because _____. a. certain gated channel proteins embedded in their plasma membranes open as osmotic pressure decreases, allowing excess water to leave the cell b. they have large central vacuoles, which provide abundant space for storage of incoming water c. they have cell walls, which prevent the entry of water by osmosis d. they have cell walls, which provide pressure to counteract the pressure of the incoming water

D. they have cell walls, which provide pressure to counteract the pressure of the incoming

What is the function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane? a. to transfer phosphorus groups from ATP to proteins b. to transfer anions across the plasma membrane c. to transfer metal ions across the plasma membrane d. to create a membrane potential

D. to create a membrane potential

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells? a. endodermis b. apical meristem c. xylem d. vascular cambium

D. vascular cambium

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to affect osmosis in plants? a. receptor proteins in the membrane b. a difference in water potential c. a difference in solute concentrations d. aquaporins

a. receptor proteins in the membrane

As an undergraduate research assistant, your duties involve measuring water potential in experimental soil-plant-atmosphere systems. Assume you make a series of measurements in a system under normal daylight conditions, with stomata open and photosynthesis occurring. Which of the following correctly depicts the trend your measurement data should follow if the cohesion-tension mechanism is operating? a.soil < roots = leaves < atmosphere b. atmosphere < leaves < roots < soil c. atmosphere < leaves = roots < soil d. soil < roots < leaves < atmosphere

b. atmosphere < leaves < roots < soil