Capstone Bio Final Exam
Burning fossil fuels has rapidly released long-term reserves of the ___________ cycle
Carbon
When Roan cattle are mated, 25% of the offspring are red, 50% are roan, and 25% are white. Upon examination it can be seen that the coat of a roan cow consists of both red and white hairs. This trait is one controlled by ___________.
Co-dominant alleles
Each group of 3 bases on the mRNA is called a __________
Codon
Suppose 10,000 units of energy are available at the bottom level of the energy period, what is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the top? A. 90 Units B. 990 Units C. 9900 Units D. 9990 Units
D. 9990 Units
Which of the following allows the flow of energy through an ecosystem to happen? a. Abiotic factors B. cycling of nutrients C. Evaporation D. Predation
D. Predation (I dont understand but im so sick of this class i didnt want her to explain it to me)
Which of the following would be lease likely to happen as a result of a mutation in a person's skin cell? A. Skin Cancer B. Reduced functioning of the skin cell C. No change in functioning of the skin cell D. The person's off spring have mutated skin.
D. The person's off spring have mutated skin.
This is a template DNA sequence: 3'AATCGC5'. this is a partially-completed mRNA strand transcribed from the DNA template: 3'GCGA5'. What is the next nucleotide? A. A B. C C. G D. U
D. U
List three differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA- Stays in nucleus, T, Double RNA- Travels in Cytoplasm, U, Single
Water, Carbon, and nitrogen are released back into the atmosphere during _____________.
Decomposition
T or F A frame shift insertion mutation will change the sequence of DNA before the added base.
False
T or F A substitution that does not change the amino-acid is called missense.
False
T or F Adding nitrogen or phosphorus to an ecosystem would probably not affect organisms at high trophic levels because those nutrients are limiting factors to producers.
False
T or F Carbon is the only biogeochemical cycle that lacks an atmospheric reservoir.
False
T or F Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked disorder and is generally exhibited in males. A woman whose parents were unaffected but whose brother has the disorder, has a 25% chance that she will be a carrier of the gene.
False
T or F Environmental factors have no influence on the transcription and translation of genes.
False
T or F Large volumes of atmospheric dust, such as those from massive volcanic eruptions, do not affect food webs because the do not affect the energy output of the sun, the ultimate source of energy for food webs
False
T or F Living things are formed from carbon-containing molecules, so the carbon cycle is the only biogeochemical cycle that really affects humans.
False
T or F Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient for many food webs because the element is relatively rare.
False
T or F Photosynthetic autotrophs remove water from the air as part of one of the major biogeochemical cycles.
False
T or F Some plants have bacteria living in nodules on their roots that "Fix" atmospheric nitrogen, converting it to a form of nitrogen the plant can use. Because living organisms (Bacteria) are involved in the process, nitrogen availability is a biotic factor for the plant
False
T or F Temperature affects the genotype of Siamese cats, resulting in areas of pigment of different colors.
False
T or F The biogeochemical cycles and the flow of energy through an ecosystem are two ways to describe the same phenomenon.
False
T or F The following sequence could be a tRNA anticodon: GTG
False
T or F The species interaction most frequently represented in a food chain is mutualisms.
False
T or F The statement, "The cowbird can tolerate a wide range of temperatures," characterizes the cowbird's habitat.
False
T or F Hershey and chase concluded from their experiments that DNA is the genetic material of viruses, providing weak evidence that DNA is also the genetic material of bacteria and eukaryotes .
False (provided strong evidence)
A DNA segment is changed from AATTAGAAATAG to ATTAGAAATAG. This is a ___________
Frameshift Insertion
DNA replication involves which enzymes?
Helicase, polymerase, ligase
Some farmers use manure on their crop fields. How does this help the plants?
Increases soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels
How long are food Chains?
It varies with ecosystem
When the chain is complete, it is called a ___________.
Protein
RNA made in the nucleus (mRNA) leaves and attaches to the __________, where proteins are made.
Ribosome
What did Watson and Crick do?
Stole Franklin's discovery and built a model of the double helix DNA
A DNA Segment is changed from AATTAG to AAATAG this is a ___________
Substitution
T or F It is possible to create a karyotype of a fetus.
TRUE
What did Erwin Chargaff demonstrate about the bases of DNA?
That there is the same number of C and G, and A and T
What did Rosiland Franklin Do? What did she discover?
Took the X-Ray that showed DNA had a double helix
Plants return liquid water to the atmosphere through a process called ____________
Transpiration
T or F an O person can give blood to a B person
Tru Bro
T or F An O person can give blood to an AB person
Tru Tru
T or F A bird fluffs its feathers to trap warm air close to it's body. the temperature of the air next to the bird's skin is a(n) abiotic factor.
True
T or F A karyotyope of a human has 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
True
T or F A mutation is a change in your molecular DNA
True
T or F A woman with an X-linked dominant genetic disorder will have children who have a 50% chance to be affected by the trait also
True
T or F All the biogeochemical cycles involve both biotic and abiotic reservoirs
True
T or F At first; the release of phosphates into an aquatic ecosystem would cause a(n) increase in the population of snails that feed on algae.
True
T or F DNA nucleotides are always added to an existing strand at the same (3' of 5') end. This means that during replication a leading and lagging strand are created.
True
T or F Even though you need sunlight for some body processes, such as synthesizing vitamin D, you have to eat a producer to use solar energy for respiration and movement.
True
T or F One strand of a double-stranded DNA helix is oriented in the 5' (carbon of the deoxyribose molecule) to 3' direction, while the complementary strand it is bonded to is oriented in the 3' to 5' direction
True
T or F Sunlight is the ultimate energy source driving the biogeochemical cycles.
True
T or F Telomeres are caps found on chromosomes that serve a protective function.
True
T or F The biotic factors that affect an organism include other species in that organism's community
True
T or F The enzymes involved in DNA replication are named for the tasks they perform
True
T or F A researcher is interested in plants and nitrogen. She puts two groups of plants into identical soil that has been sterilized, so there are no living organisms in it. One group of plants is placed in a chamber with ordinary air, and the other group is placed in a chamber with air that has been enriched with nitrogen gas. The two groups of plants will grow at identical rates.
True
Which biogeochemical cycle is least dependent of the biotic processes?
Water
Compare and Contrast a food web and food chain
Web-Intricate. Shows multiple ways animals and plants interact Chain-Simple. Shows one way animals and plants interact. Both-Show ways organisms interact
What is "Soil Type" to an earth worm?
An Abiotic Factor
Which process plays a role in all four biogeochemical cycles?
Animals eliminating waste
These have a series of 3 bases, complimentary to the mRNA called an ___________, which makes sure that they deliver the correct amino acid to the correct location
AntiCodon
Given that the dominance hierarchy of rabbit fur color alleles is C>Cch>Ch, from grey to chinchilla to Himalayan, respectively, what would be the percentage of Himalayan colored rabbits from parents with C Ch and Cch Ch? (I think this was an extra Credit question.) A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100%
B. 25%
Which process describes nitrogen fixation? A. animals eat plants containing nitrogen and return it to the soil through urination B. Bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it to a form usable by plants C. Organisms die and are decomposed into ammonia in the soil D. Plants take nitrogen from the air and store it in their roots
B. Bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it to a form usable by plants
Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size? A. Chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide B. Cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide C. Nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus D. Cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome
B. Cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
Organisms with overlapping niches probably have which type of relationship? A. Commensal B. Competitive C. Mutualistic D. Parasitic
B. Competitive
Which of the following nutrients has only a short-term biogeochemical cycle? A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Phosphorus
B. Nitrogen
T or F A man whose parents both have heart disease is worried that he too will have heart disease. It is possible for him to reduce his risk of the disease by maintaining a healthy diet and by engaging in frequent exercise.
true
To explain and show how the amount of living material at each trophic level of a food chain changes, you could use a pyramid of ___________.
Biomass
Mosquito larvae are eaten by some fish species when they are present in the same body of water. For the mosquito these fish are a _________ Factor.
Biotic
Which of the following would be the easiest way to diagram predatory and parasitic relationships between several species? A. Biomass pyramid B. Food Chain C. Food web D. Numbers pyramid
C. Food Web
Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. this type of relation ship can best be described as ____________. A. Parasitism B. Commensalism C. Mutualism D. Symbiosis
C. Mutualism
Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of the _______ of cougars. A. habitat B. Community C. Niche D. None of these
C. Niche
Which of the following information could be included in the description of the grasshopper's niche, but not it a description of its habitat? A. Continent where it lives. B. Locations where it shelters. C. Plant species it eats. D. Temperatures it experiences.
C. Plant species it eats
What occurs during the process of meiosis in humans that can lead to a child with th3e condition of Down Syndrome? A. Production of a duplicate chromosome set B. Production of gametes which are diploid C. Production of gametes with one duplicate chromosome D. production of gametes with one duplicate sex chromosome
C. Production of gametes with one duplicate chromosome
Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for the energy pyramid? A. Grass B. Heat. C. Sunlight D. Water
C. Sunlight
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma? A. Protein synthesis, transcription, translation B. Protein synthesis, translation, transcription C. Transcription, translation, protein synthesis D. Translation transcription, protein synthesis
C. Transcription, translation, protein synthesis
What part of the chromosome might be involved with processes such as aging and cancer? A. karyotype B. nondisjunction C. telomere D. telophase
C. telomere
T or F The staff in the neonatal unit at a hospital are not sure which of two babies belong to which set of parents. The blood types of the babies are AB and O. One set of parents has blood types A and B with this knowledge it would still be necessary to test the second couple
ye its tru
In chickens, black and white feather color are co-dominant alleles for this trait. Cross a black and a white feathered chicken. What percent of off springs will have both black and white feathers?
100%
Make a punnett square showing the cross between a normal man and a woman who is homozygous for the disorder. What is the probability that one of their children has the disease? Probability: _____
100%
A man heterozygous for blood type A marries a woman heterozygous for blood type B. The chance that their first child will have type O blood is _____
25%
Make a punnett square showing the cross between a normal man and a woman who is a carrier of colorblindness. What is the probability that one of their children is color blind? Probability: _____
25%
A man's grandfather on his father's side had glactosemia. Assuming his mother was not a carrier, what is the probability that this man is a carrier for the disorder?
50%
If a female fruit fly heterozygous (XR Xr) for red eyes crossed with a white eyed male (Xr Y), what percent of their offspring would have white eyes?
50%
In Caucasians, straight hair (S) is incompletely dominant to curly hair (c). The heterozygous condition results in wavy hair. If a woman with wavy hair marries a man with wavy hair what are the chances of having an off spring with wavy hair? Probability: _____
50%
In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red is dominant to white. Cross a pure red eyed female and a white eyed male. What percent are red eyed, male?
50%
Make a punnett square showing the cross between a type AB male and a woman who has type O blood. What are the possibilities for their children? Probability: _____ _____
50% for type A 50% for type B
Make a punnett square showing the cross between two persons with achondroplasia. What is the probability that one of their children is also a dwarf? Both parents are heterozygous. Probability: _____
75%
Your favorite plant is growing very slowly and you would like to find some way to increase its growth rate. Which of the following should you try increasing first? A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen C. Sodium D. Calcium
A. Nitrogen
A reasearcher is studying reproduction in Taraxacum officinale, the dandelion. She decides to measure only soil temperature. You think her study is poorly designed. Why? A. biotic factors probably play a large role in dandelion reproduction B. Dandelions are not affected by soil temperature C. It is hard to measure soil temperature D. Soil temperature varies too much.
A. biotic factors probably play a large role in dandelion reproduction
There are _________ different possible combinations of 3 bases, so some code for amino acids, while some are a codes for the __________ and _________ of the gene.
1. Sixty Four 2. Start 3. Stop
The relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and their host plants is best called ___________
Mutualism
The range of temperatures in which an insect is able to live and reproduce is one element of that organism's _________, a description of its ecological requirements.
Niche
One of the nutrient cycles moves from an atmospheric gaseous form to the soil through both abiotic and biotic processes, moves through the food web, then is returned to the soil or the atmosphere. Which cycle fits this description?
Nitrogen
Where does mRNA get the code?
Nucleus
Decomposers recycle _________ from other organisms, but they use energy to do so.
Nutrients
Which process locks phosphorus into a long term cycle?
Organic matter buried at the bottom of the sea
What are the two major life processes that involve carbon and oxygen?
Photosynthesis and respiration
A nitrogen molecule has just been "Fixed" by a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. The next organism to use the nitrogen molecule is probably a(n) _________
Plant
Adding carbon dioxide to a green house generally increases the rate of plant growth meaning that in natural concentrations it _______ the growth of plants.
limits
As the amino acids are delivered, they are connected. One there are several amino acids strung together, they are called a _____________ chain.
polypeptide
In the cytoplasm of the cell, amino acids are carried around by the __________.
tRNA
