Carbs

What is the American Diabetes Association recommended cutoff value for adequate control of blood glucose in diabetics as measured by glycated hemoglobin?

6.5%

Select the most appropriate adult reference range for fasting blood glucose.

65-99 mg/dL (3.61-5.50 mmol/L)

In addition to measuring blood glucose, Hgb A1c, and microalbumin, which test should be done on diabetic persons once per year?

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Which of the following hormones promotes hyperglycemia?

Growth hormone

Which of the following findings is characteristic of all forms of clinical hypoglycemia?

Neuroglycopenic symptoms at the time of low blood sugar

Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Requires insulin replacement to prevent ketosis

According to American Diabetes Association criteria, which result is consistent with a diagnosis of impaired fasting glucose?

117 mg/dL

Which of the following 2-hour glucose challenge results would be classified as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)? Two-hour serum glucose:

150 mg/dL

What is the recommended cutoff for the early detection of chronic kidney disease in diabetics using the test for microalbuminuria?

>30 mg/g creatinine

Point-of-care-tests (POCTs) for whole-blood glucose monitoring are based mainly on the use of:

Amperometric detection

In addition to polarography, what other electrochemical method can be used to measure glucose in plasma?

Amperometry

When preparing a patient for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which of the following conditions will lead to erroneous results?

Carbohydrate intake is restricted to below 150 g/day for 3 days prior to test

Which stationary phase is used for the measurement of hemoglobin A1c by high performance liquid chromatography?

Cation exchanger

Which of the following statements about carbohydrate intolerance is true?

Galactosemia results from deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate (galactose-1-PO4) uridine diphosphate transferase

Select the enzyme that is most specific for β-D-glucose.

Glucose oxidase

Select the coupling enzyme used in the hexokinase method for glucose.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Which of the following is a potential source of error in the hexokinase method?

Hemolysis

Which of the following is the reference method for measuring serum glucose?

Hexokinase

Which of the following is characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Hyperglycemia is often controlled without insulin replacement

Which statement regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is correct?

Is defined as glucose intolerance originating during pregnancy

Which statement about glucose in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is correct?

Levels below 40 mg/dL occur in septic meningitis, cancer, and multiple sclerosis

Which statement regarding measurement of Hgb A1c is true?

Levels do not need to be done fasting

What effect does hematocrit have on POCT tests for whole-blood glucose monitoring?

Low hematocrit raises readings and high hematocrit lowers readings unless corrected

Which testing situation is appropriate for the use of point-of-care whole-blood glucose methods?

Monitoring of blood glucose control in type 1 and type 2 diabetics

In peroxidase-coupled glucose methods, which reagent complexes with the chromogen?

Phenol

Which of the following results falls within the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?

Random plasma glucose of 250 mg/dL and presence of symptoms

Which statement regarding glycated (glycosylated) Hgb (G-Hgb) is true?

Reflects the extent of glucose regulation in the 8- to 12-week interval prior to sampling

Polarographic methods for glucose analysis are based upon which principle of measurement?

The rate of O2 depletion

Which glucose method is subject to falsely low results caused by ascorbate?

Trinder glucose oxidase

Which of the following biochemical processes is promoted by insulin?

Uptake of glucose by cells