Cardiac & GI Meds

A nurse is teaching a client who has just been prescribed lansoprazole . What statement would indicate that the client correctly understands the action of this medication? A. "The medication inhibits acid secretions." B. "The medication is an antibiotic." C. "The medication is an analgesic." D. "The medication will repair my ulcer."

A. "The medication inhibits acid secretions."

A client has been diagnosed with chronic renal failure. Which agent will assist in raising the client's hemoglobin levels? A. Epoetin alfa B. Pentoxifylline C. Estazolam D. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide

A. Epoetin alfa

The effects of warfarin (Coumadin) are monitored by what laboratory test(s)? A. RBC B. aPTT C. PT and INR D. Platelet count

C. PT and INR

A 22-year-old female client is seen in the primary care provider's office for follow-up. The client was diagnosed six weeks ago with iron deficiency anemia and has been taking the prescribed iron supplement when she notices that her stool has turned black. She tells the nurse that she fears that she is bleeding to death inside her belly. The nurse teaches the client about which expected outcome? A. "Don't worry, iron supplements can cause black or dark stools because of the iron composition." B. "Don't worry, iron supplements cannot cause bleeding." C. "Iron supplements may cause bleeding but this is nothing to worry about." D. "Don't worry, black stool is not a sign of internal bleeding."

A. "Don't worry, iron supplements can cause black or dark stools because of the iron composition."

After teaching a client about prescribed statin therapy, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the client makes which statement? A. "I can take the drug with grapefruit juice." B. "I should take the dose around bedtime." C. "I need to be careful when I'm out in the sun." D. "I should report any problems with muscle pain or weakness."

A. "I can take the drug with grapefruit juice."

The nurse is about to administer a laxative to a client for the first time. What should be included in client education? A. "It is not uncommon to experience some abdominal discomfort and flatulence." B. "It is good to take this medication daily as it is non-habit forming." C. "It is important to avoid a large intake of fluids when taking this medication." D. "If you are allergic to red dye number 5, you may have an allergic reaction to this medication."

A. "It is not uncommon to experience some abdominal discomfort and flatulence."

A client with constipation is prescribed psyllium. The client asks the nurse how the client should take the medication. What is the nurse's best response? A. "Take this medication with 8 ounces of water." B. "You should sprinkle the medication on the food." C. "Mix the medication with grapefruit juice and water." D. "Drink 4 ounces of soda a day. "

A. "Take this medication with 8 ounces of water."

A male client has called the clinic because he is taking digoxin and is concerned about his pulse rate. The nurse should tell the client to hold the medication if he reports a pulse rate of: A. 52 beats/minute. B. 84 beats/minute. C. 78 beats/minute. D. 66 beats/minute.

A. 52 beats/minute.

A client is receiving carvedilol to treat hypertension. The nurse identifies this drug as a(n): A. Alpha- and beta-blocker B. Beta adrenergic blocker C. Alpha-1 blocker D. Alpha-2 agonist

A. Alpha- and beta-blocker

The nurse is teaching a nursing student about anemia and knows that it is important to include why anemia occurs. Which statement is true about why anemia occurs? A. Anemia occurs due to chronic illnesses or specific deficiencies such as iron. B. Anemia occurs due to chronic illnesses or specific deficiencies such as vitamin C. C. Anemia occurs due to chronic illnesses or specific deficiencies such as vitamin A. D. Anemia occurs due to acute illnesses or specific deficiencies such as vitamin D.

A. Anemia occurs due to chronic illnesses or specific deficiencies such as iron.

A client with diabetes is given a prescription for propranolol (Inderal) to treat a cardiac arrhythmia. Which instruction by the nurse would be appropriate? A. Check blood glucose once or twice daily. B. Stop taking diabetes medications. C. Eat a diet high in carbohydrates. D. Double the dose of diabetes medication.

A. Check blood glucose once or twice daily.

Older adults who are unable or unwilling to eat an adequate diet or who are debilitated may benefit from using bulk-forming laxatives. What is an important teaching regarding intake for anyone using bulk-forming laxatives? A. Ensure adequate fluid intake B. Ensure adequate roughage intake C. Ensure adequate fat intake D. Ensure adequate protein intake

A. Ensure adequate fluid intake

A client is receiving verapamil. What would be important for the nurse to stress that the client avoid? A. Grapefruit juice B. Milk C. Apple juice D. Yogurt

A. Grapefruit juice

Which assessment finding serves to contraindicate the use of an antiemetic agent? A. History of chronic liver dysfunction B. History of lung cancer C. Currently receiving radiation therapy D. Demonstrated signs/symptoms associated with menopause

A. History of chronic liver dysfunction

A client arrives at the walk-in clinic reporting vomiting and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region. The nurse suspects that the client has peptic ulcer disease. Which is a potential cause of peptic ulcer disease? A. Infection with H. pylori B. Decreased stomach acid secretion C. Excessive worrying D. Overconsumption of spicy foods

A. Infection with H. pylori

A client is taking lovastatin. Which are noted as the most common adverse effects? A. Nausea, flatulence, and constipation B. Increased appetite and blood pressure C. Fatigue and mental disorientation D. Hiccups, nasal congestion, and dizziness

A. Nausea, flatulence, and constipation

A patient, admitted to a health care facility with cardiac arrhythmia, is prescribed propranolol. Which factor should the nurse closely monitor as a part of the ongoing assessment during the therapy? A. Pulse rate B. Tendon reflexes C. Hydration D. Visual acuity

A. Pulse rate

A client has been prescribed intravenous heparin. What laboratory value will the nurse prioritize when providing care for this client? A. aPTT B. D-dimer C. platelet count D. factor XIII levels

A. aPTT

A client needing to evacuate the colon for endoscopy would likely be prescribed which medication solution? A. polyethylene glycol electrolyte B. methylcellulose C. psyllium D. mineral oil

A. polyethylene glycol electrolyte

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed hydroxyzine. Which statement indicates that the client has understood the teaching? A. "I will take repeated doses of this medication until my nausea resolves." B. "I may experience drowsiness with this medication." C. "I should eat before I take this medication." D. "I will need to take potassium with this medication."

B. "I may experience drowsiness with this medication."

A client is discharged from the hospital with a prescription of warfarin. Which statement indicates successful client teaching? A. "If I miss a dose, I will take two doses." B. "I will avoid herbal remedies." C. "I will eat spinach or broccoli daily." D. "I will discontinue my other medications."

B. "I will avoid herbal remedies."

A client asks the nurse what cardiac glycosides do to relieve the symptoms of heart failure. What is the nurse's best response? A. "They increase your blood pressure by reducing your urine output." B. "They make your heart contract more forcefully." C. They increase your heart rate. D. "They increase the velocity of electrical conduction in your heart."

B. "They make your heart contract more forcefully."

A client receiving chemotherapy has begun receiving aprepitant. The client also takes oral contraceptives. What should the nurse tell the client in regard to birth control? A. "Double the dose of the oral contraceptive while you are taking aprepitant." B. "Use alternative means of birth control for 1 month after taking aprepitant." C. "There is no need to do anything; your oral contraceptive will continue to be effective." D. "You should practice abstinence because the aprepitant will cause severe sores in the vagina."

B. "Use alternative means of birth control for 1 month after taking aprepitant."

A nurse is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the consequent need for antihyperlipidemics. Treatment of high cholesterol using statins would be contraindicated in which client? A. A 72-year-old man who has emphysema and a long history of cigarette smoking B. An obese male client who is a heavy alcohol user and who has cirrhosis of the liver C. A female client who had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gall bladder removal) earlier this year D. A resident of a long-term care facility whose Alzheimer disease is being treated with donepezil (Aricept)

B. An obese male client who is a heavy alcohol user and who has cirrhosis of the liver

A client is receiving a phenothiazine antiemetic. The nurse instructs the client to use the call light if he needs to get out of bed to go to the bathroom based on the understanding that this group of drugs is associated with: A. Gastrointestinal overstimulation B. Central nervous system effects C. Urinary abnormalities D. Endocrine effects

B. Central nervous system effects

A client asks the nurse what the atorvastatin (Lipitor) prescribed for the client will do. What is an expected outcome for this client? A. Decrease in serum cholesterol only B. Decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL levels C. Decrease in sitosterol and serum cholesterol D. Decrease in campesterol and LDL levels

B. Decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL levels

The nurse is caring for a child who is obese and has hypertension and a slightly elevated serum glucose level. What would the nurse anticipate will be ordered if lifestyle changes do not return blood pressure to an acceptable limit? A. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor B. Diuretic C. Calcium channel blocker. D. Beta-adrenergic blocker

B. Diuretic

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving antacids to relieve gastrointestinal discomfort. Which nursing action is most appropriate? A. Administer the medication with other drugs or food. B. Give 1 hour before or 2 hours after other oral medications. C. Limit fluid intake when administering the medication. D. Tell the client not to crush or chew the tablet.

B. Give 1 hour before or 2 hours after other oral medications.

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing an acute angina attack. Sublingual nitroglycerin has been administered. The nurse assesses the client's vital signs for which reason? A. Confirm report of headache. B. Identify hypotension. C. Reassure client that they are okay. D. Evaluate for recurrent pain.

B. Identify hypotension.

A female client has been prescribed epoetin alfa therapy for anemia associated with chemotherapy. What other nonpharmacologic remedies can the client use to improve her anemia? A. Include milk and dairy products in her diet. B. Include in her diet green, leafy vegetables, beans, and organ meats that are high in iron. C. Include a lot of fatty products in her diet. D. Include fatty and sugar-rich foods, such as sweets and desserts, in her diet.

B. Include in her diet green, leafy vegetables, beans, and organ meats that are high in iron.

The nurse is administering intravenous amiodarone to a patient in the emergency department. Which task would the nurse need to prioritize? A. Checking the patient's urine output B. Monitoring the patient's blood pressure C. Giving drinks to the client D. Explaining the treatment to the patient's family

B. Monitoring the patient's blood pressure

The nurse instructs the client that he can repeat the dose of nitroglycerin every 5 minutes up to a maximum total of how many doses? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

B. Three

The nurse is preparing to administer norepinephrine IV to a client. What intervention can the nurse take to minimize the risk for extravasation? A. Warm the medication before administration. B. Use a central line to administer the medication. C. Administer phentolamine just prior to the induction of the medication. D. In older adults, administer medication into a large vein in a lower extremity.

B. Use a central line to administer the medication.

A female patient diagnosed with chronic atrial flutter has been prescribed verapamil in conjunction with digoxin to control ventricular rate. To enhance the therapeutic effect of the drug, the nurse will instruct the patient to: A. take the medication with meals. B. avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice. C. take an aspirin every day. D. avoid fresh fruit.

B. avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice.

A 51-year-old man is being discharged from the hospital following treatment with anticoagulants for a deep vein thrombosis. The nurse will instruct the client to: A. alternate between the types of anticoagulant drugs in the therapy. B. consider safety measures to prevent bleeding and be alert for signs of bleeding. C. change the route of administration to intravenous if oral proves ineffective. D. eat small amounts of food during drug administration.

B. consider safety measures to prevent bleeding and be alert for signs of bleeding.

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed captopril. What common adverse effect would the nurse mention in the teaching? A. rhinitis B. dry cough C. photosensitivity D. rash to the trunk and extremities

B. dry cough

The client will receive cimetidine 800 mg PO at bedtime. Prior to administration, the nurse should inform the client that common side effects related to this medication include: A. tremors. B. headache. C. visual disturbances. D. anxiety.

B. headache.

The nurse teaches the older adult client to best promote optimal gastrointestinal function by including what in the daily routine? A. exercise, adequate sleep, and avoiding caffeine B. nutritious diet, adequate fluid intake, and exercise C. nutritious diet, avoiding alcohol, and cautious use of laxatives D. no prescription medications, increased fluid intake, and vigorous exercise

B. nutritious diet, adequate fluid intake, and exercise

A client has been prescribed esomeprazole. What statement by the client indicates that the nurse's teaching on safe and effective use of this medication is understood? A. "I should open the capsules and crush the drug into applesauce." B. "It is important that I take the drug after each meal." C. "I need to swallow the drug whole and not chew the capsules." D. "I should always take the drug with an antacid."

C. "I need to swallow the drug whole and not chew the capsules."

Which instruction would be most important to give to a client who is receiving omeprazole? A. "Chew the tablet thoroughly before swallowing." B. "Open the capsule and sprinkle it on applesauce." C. "Swallow the tablet whole with a large glass of water." D. "Take an antacid immediately before taking the drug."

C. "Swallow the tablet whole with a large glass of water."

A client has requested an oral antiemetic to control motion sickness on an upcoming flight. While explaining proper use of the drug, the nurse should recommend that the client take the drug: A. at the onset of symptoms. B. when symptoms are at their peak. C. 30 minutes prior to the flight. D. upon waking on the morning of the flight.

C. 30 minutes prior to the flight.

A nurse is caring for a client receiving warfarin therapy. The nurse instructs the client and family that certain foods must be ingested in moderation because of the possible interference with the effect of the therapy. Which foods must be taken in limited quantity? A. Foods rich in vitamin A B. Foods rich in vitamin C C. Foods rich in vitamin K D. Foods rich in Vitamin D

C. Foods rich in vitamin K

The nurse is providing education regarding lifestyle changes to a client diagnosed with hypertension. When providing dietary instruction on a low-sodium diet, which dietary choice would the nurse identify as most appropriate? A. Hot dog, baked beans, and coleslaw B. Grilled hamburger, French fries, and cola drink C. Grilled chicken, green salad, and apple D. Ham sandwich, potato chips, and cookie

C. Grilled chicken, green salad, and apple

Which adverse reaction of proton pump inhibitors is specific to menopausal women with osteoporosis? A. Headache B. Abdominal pain C. Increased fracture risk D. Diarrhea

C. Increased fracture risk

A nurse is caring for a client with an arrhythmia. What is the priority goal for this client? A. Maintain nutritional intake B. Maintain fluid intake C. Maintain cardiac output D. Maintain urine output

C. Maintain cardiac output

The nurse teaches the client at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) that some risk factors can be controlled or modified. What modifiable factors would the nurse include? A. Gender, obesity, family history, and smoking B. Inactivity, stress, gender, and smoking C. Obesity, inactivity, diet, and smoking D. Stress, family history, and obesity.

C. Obesity, inactivity, diet, and smoking

The nursing instructor is teaching students about proper administration of sucralfate. According to the instructor, sucralfate should be administered: A. with meals. B. with an antacid. C. an hour before meals. D. immediately after each meal.

C. an hour before meals.

A client has been prescribed lovastatin for high cholesterol. The nurse's teaching plan will include a basic explanation of how the drug produces its therapeutic effect. The nurse will explain that lovastatin lowers cholesterol levels in which manner? A. is a hormone. B. is a bile-acid resin. C. inhibits cholesterol syntheses. D. consists of a fibric acid derivative.

C. inhibits cholesterol syntheses.

A client who is taking digoxin would withhold the drug if his pulse rate was: A. 78 beats/minute B. 70 beats/minute C. 64 beats/minute D. 56 beats/minute

D. 56 beats/minute

A 21-year-old female client has been prescribed metoclopramide for treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with migraines. Which substance should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? A. Caffeine B. Folic acid supplements C. Fluids D. Alcohol

D. Alcohol

Pancreatic enzymes are required for absorption of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Replacement therapy is used when clients are in deficiency states. What conditions create a deficiency state for pancreatic enzymes? A. Cystic fibrosis B. Chronic pancreatitis C. Pancreatic obstruction D. All choices are correct

D. All choices are correct

What is the best indicator of decreased nausea after administering ondansetron (Zofran) IV? A. Heart rate 64 bpm B. Blood pressure 110/64 C. Client is hungry D. Client states, "I feel less nauseated."

D. Client states, "I feel less nauseated."

The black box warning associated with warfarin concerns its risk of causing what condition? A. DIC B. Severe coagulopathy C. Hypotension D. Major or fatal bleeding

D. Major or fatal bleeding

After teaching a group of students about nitroprusside and cyanide toxicity, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify what as an assessment finding? (Select all that apply.) Dyspnea Dilated pupils Distant heart sounds Shallow breathing Hyperactive reflexes Bounding pulse

Dyspnea, Dilated pupils, Distant heart sounds, Shallow breathing

Niacin is prescribed to a client to increase HDL levels. What are the most common adverse effects of this therapy? Select all that apply. Flushing of the face Nausea Headache Diarrhea Vomiting

Flushing of the face, Nausea, vomiting

The nurse is providing dietary education to a client who has been prescribed a loop diuretic. What type of foods should the nurse identify as important to individuals on this therapy? Select all that apply. Potassium rich Low sodium Low fat High protein High fiber

Potassium rich, Low sodium

A male client's laboratory results indicate that both cholesterol and triglycerides are elevated. Which medications may be ordered? (Select all that apply.) Statin (Atorvastatin) Ezetimibe Gemfibrozil Cholestyramine Colesevelam

Statin (Atorvastatin), Ezetimibe, Gemfibrozil

A male client is receiving heparin by continuous intravenous infusion. The nurse will instruct the client and family members to report what should it occur? A. A skin rash B. Sudden occurrence of sleepiness and drowsiness C. Dizziness D. Presence of blood in urine or stools

D. Presence of blood in urine or stools

The nurse is caring for a client who is being treated for opioid withdrawal. The nurse notes that the health care provider has ordered which medication that is also used as an antihypertensive? A. Clonidine B. Hydrochlorothiazide C. Lisinopril D. Prazosin

A. Clonidine

An older adult has been taking a calcium-based antacid on an increasingly frequent basis. When teaching this client, the nurse should include suggestions for the prevention of which adverse effect? A. Constipation B. Urinary frequency C. Fatty stools D. Nausea

A. Constipation

A 20-month-old child is experiencing diarrhea. When planning the child's care, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem? A. Electrolyte deficiencies B. Anorectal bleeding C. Anal fissures D. Nausea

A. Electrolyte deficiencies

The nurse is visiting the home of a client who is prescribed antidysrhythmic medication. The nurse will teach the client to report which possible adverse effect? A. Increased energy B. Improved functional status C. Dizziness D. Improved mentation

C. Dizziness

A client should be instructed to take sublingual NTG how often if he experiences chest pain? A. Every 1 minute times 3 B. Every 2 minutes times 5 C. Every 5 minutes times 3 D. Every 10 minutes times 5

C. Every 5 minutes times 3

Which drug is most effective in reducing serum triglyceride levels? A. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors B. Bile acid sequestrants C. Fibrates D. Niacin

C. Fibrates