Cardio System Part 2
arterioles
distribute blood flow into capillary beds
What is the result of a blocked coronary artery?
heart attack
peripheral resistance
is the amount of friction encountered by the blood as it flows through the blood vessels
venules
the smallest vessels that receive blood from the capillaries
what makes the heart sounds you hear with a stethoscope
"Lub" is the closing of the two AV valves simultaneously. "Dub" is the closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves simultaneously.
capillaries
Are the smallest and thinnest blood vessels. They allow the delivery and exchange of materials, nutrients, and wastes between blood and body cells/ body tissues.
structural differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries
Artery: narrow diameter, internal elastic layer, thick smoother muscle layer, external elastic layer, Vein: Wider diameter, one-way valves, no elastic layers, thinner smoother muscle layer Capillaries: smallest blood vessels, only one cell layer thick
equation for blood pressure
Blood Pressure (BP) = Cardiac Output (CO) x Peripheral Resistance (PR)
Understand that blood pressure changes throughout your cardiovascular system
Blood pressure is the highest closest to your heart in your aorta and major arteries. Blood pressure is much lower in your capillaries and veins
arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
veins
Bring blood back to the heart.
the function of the muscular pump
Helps low-pressure blood in veins return to the heart. Especially in the legs
What do the waves of a ECG represent?
P wave = Atria contracting QRS complex = Signal traveling to heart apex, ventricles contracting, atria relaxing T wave = Ventricles relaxing
the difference between systole and diastole
Systole is when the ventricles contract Diastole is when the ventricles relax -This is why a blood pressure reading has two numbers a systolic pressure and a diastolic pressure
the location and function of the coronary arteries
The 2 main coronary arteries are the left main and right coronary arteries. Left main coronary artery (LMCA). The left main coronary artery supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle (the left ventricle and left atrium). The left main coronary divides into branches: The left anterior descending artery branches off the left coronary artery and supplies blood to the front of the left side of the heart. The circumflex artery branches off the left coronary artery and encircles the heart muscle. This artery supplies blood to the outer side and back of the heart. Right coronary artery (RCA). The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes, which regulate the heart rhythm. The right coronary artery divides into smaller branches, including the right posterior descending artery and the acute marginal artery. Together with the left anterior descending artery, the right coronary artery helps supply blood to the middle or septum of the heart. Smaller branches of the coronary arteries include: obtuse marginal (OM), septal perforator (SP), and diagonals.
