Cardiology quizzes

A client is taking bumetanide and spironolactone. You explain to the client what using these drugs together may reduce the risk if which adverse effect? a) hypokalemia b) hyponatremia c) hyperglycemia d) hypochloremia

a) hypokalemia

You are talking with a client who is taking losartan for hypertension. She asks you about stopping contraception and starting a family. you inform the client that losartan is unsafe to take during pregnancy due to which risk? a) macrosomia b) fetal injury c) gestational diabetes d) thromboembolic disease

b) fetal injury

A client is about to start taking hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. To assess for adverse effects of this drug, you monitor for which during drug therapy? (select all that apply) a) ototoxicity b) hyponatremia c) hypokalemia d) dehydration e) hypoglycemia

b) hyponatremia c) hypokalemia d) dehydration

While talking with a client who is taking captopril to treat hypertension, which instructions do you include to help her manage the drug's adverse effects? a) Check you HR prior to taking the drug b) Wear sunscreen and protective clothing while outdoors c) Do not use salt substitutes to season your food d)Take the drug with a meal

c) Do not use salt substitutes to season your food

A client is about to start taking aliskiren to treat hypertension. Which of the following should you tell the client to avoid to ensure optimal absorption of tis drug? a) soy sauce b) green, leafy vegetables c) fatty foods d) foods high in carbohydrates

c) fatty foods

You are administering lidocaine, 50 mg via IV bolus, to a client with a ventricular dysrhythmia. You monitor the client for which adverse reactions to lidocaine? a) metabolic alkalosis b) hypertension c) tachycardia d) paresthesias

d) paresthesias

A nurse is caring for a client who will begin using transdermal nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris. When speaking to the client about the drug, what instructions should the nurse include?

-Apply the patch to a hairless skin area and rotate sites -Apply a new patch when you start the day -Remove patches 10 to 12 hours each day

A nurse should recognize that milrinone is contridicated for a client who has what condition?

Acute myocardial infarction

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin and develops changes on their ECG tracing and other maneifestations that indicate the client has severe digoxin toxicity. What drug should the nurse expect to administer to treat this complication?

Antigen-binding fragments

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for losartan to treat hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client that what finding could indicate an adverse reaction to the drug and needs to be reported?

Facial Edema Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, can cause angioedema, which often manifests as swelling around the eyes and lips. Clients who develop this adverse effect should stop taking the drug and seek medical attention.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking amiodarone to treat atrial fibrillation. What should the nurse instruct the client to avoid while taking this drug?

Grapefruit Juice Grapefruit juice, particularly in large amounts, can cause toxicity of potassium channel blockers, such as amiodarone.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin. The nurse should instruct the client that what manifestation is a potential adverse effect of the drug?

Headache Adverse effects of nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, include headaches, which can be severe at the beginning of nitrate therapy but decrease in severity with continued exposure to nitrates.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for aliskiren to treat hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which findings as an adverse effect of the drug?

Hyperkalemia Aliskerin, a direct renin inhibitor, can cause elevated potassium levels, especially when taken with an ACE inhibits, potassium supplements, or potassium-sparing diuretics. The nurse should obtain a potassium level at baseline and periodically monitor the client's potassium level thereafter. Throat swelling Aliskerin can cause angioedema, which is swelling not the mouth and throat. Clients who develop this adverse effect should stop taking the drug and seek medical attention. Cough Aliskerin, a direct renin inhibitor, can cause a cough. (Renin is an enzyme that helps control your blood pressure and maintain healthy levels of sodium and potassium in your body. Made by special cells in your kidneys, renin is released into your bloodstream when your blood pressure drops too low)

A nurse is administering hydrochlorothiazide to a client who has arthritis. The nurse should monitor the client for what finding that indicates an adverse effect of this drug?

Hyperuricemia Hyperuricemia, or increased uric acid levels, can occur in clients who have a history of these conditions and are taking hydrochlorothiazide

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking carvedilol and has a prescription for an oral antidiabetic drug to manage their new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By taking both drugs concurrently, the nurse should identify that the client is at an increased risk for what condition?

Hypoglycemia

A nurse is assessing a client who is taking a loop diuretic and is experiencing a thready, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, and confusion. The nurse should identify that these manifestations indicate what adverse effect?

Hypokalemia

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking atorvastatin and has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. The nurse should recognize that this drug combination places the client at an increased risk for what adverse effect?

Myopathy

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil to treat atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking verapamil because it can cause the client to experience..?

Hypotension

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for dobutamine. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client is receiving what types of drugs?

MAOI General Anesthetia Tricyclic antidepressants Beta Blocker

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for quindine. What statement should the nurse include?

Monitor your pulse rate and report changes

A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking simvastatin (Zocor) to treat hypercholesterolemia. The health care professional should tell the patient to report what indication of a serious adverse reaction that could warrant stopping drug therapy?

Muscle Pain Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) can cause myopathy or pain in muscles and joints that can progress to rhabdomyolysis. With this rare but serious adverse effect, muscle protein breaks down and is excreted, resulting in kidney damage.

The nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for propranolol to treat a tachydysrhythmia. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid what type of over the counter drugs while taking propranolol?

NSAIDS

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking spironolactone to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that what client laboratory value requires immediate intervention?

Potassium of 5.2 mEq/L Spironolactone is a diuretic and an aldosterone antagonist that can cause hyperkalemiia and places the client at risk for cardiac dysrhythmias. This potassium level is outside the expected reference range o 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L and requires immediate intervention.

A nurse should identify that which drug is used only for the short term treatment of a cardiac dysrhythmia because of the serious adverse effects associated with long term use?

Procainamide Procainamide is a sodium channel blocker and a broad-spectrum antdysrhythmic, It should to be used for long term treatment dysrhythmias because of its risk for serious adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity and arterial embolism.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking a diuretic. The nurse should instruct the client to include what food in their diet to increase potassium intake?

Raisins Diuretics can deplete the body of potassium, so the nurse should instruct the client to include potassium-rich foods in their diet, such as raisins and other dried fruits.

A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin captopril therapy. What adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to report because it can indicate a need to discontinue drug therapy?

Rash Distorted taste Swelling of tongue Captopril can cause angioedema, often manifesting as edema of the tongue, pharynx, and glottis. Clients who develop this adverse effect should discontinue the drug and seek medical attention. Dry cough Captopril can cause a dry cough because of an accumulation of bradykinin. This often indicates a need to discontinue the drug.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. Whiat instructions should the nurse include?

Report any new tolerance to fried foods. Because gemfibrozil, a fibrate, can cause gallstones, clients should monitor and report any new intolerance to fried foods, as well as any bloating or upper abdominal discomfort Report muscle tenderness. Gemfibrozil can cause myopathy Expect periodic liver function testing.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a depressive disorder and requires a prescription drug to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that whatfollowing antihypertensive drug is contraindicted for this client?

Reserpine Severe depression and an increased risk for suicide are adverse effects of adrenergic neuron blockers, such as reserpine. These adverse effects develop because of the depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine and can persist after clients discontinue taking the drug.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client has a history of what condition?

Second-degree AV block Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, can affect AV conduction and is contraindicated for clients who have sick sinus syndrome or second- or third- degree AV block. Verapamil is indicated for hypertension, angina pectoris, and the management of atrial flutter and fibrillation. It is also prescribed for the management of migraine headaches.

A nurse is reviewing new prescriptions with a client who has heart disease. The nurse should instruct the client that which drug is prescribed to treat hypercholesterolemia?

Simvastatin Simbastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. It blocks synthesis of cholesterol by the body to help lower cholesterol levels.

A nurse is caring for a client who has glomerular filtration rate of 10 mL/min and a reduced urine output. The nurse should clarify a prescription for hydrochlorothizaide for this client because of what characteristic of the drug?

The drug does not promote diuresis for patients who have renal insufficiency.