Cardiovascular Saunders Study Guide

The licensed practical nurse (LPN) in a medical unit is caring for a client with heart failure. The client suddenly develops extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and lung crackles, and the nurse suspects pulmonary edema. The LPN immediately notifies the registered nurse (RN) and expects which interventions to be prescribed? Select all that apply. A. Administering oxygen B. Inserting a Foley catheter C. Administering furosemide D. Administering morphine sulfate intravenously E. Transporting the client to the coronary care unit F. Placing the client in a low-Fowler's side-lying position

A. Administering oxygen B. Inserting a Foley catheter C. Administering furosemide D. Administering morphine sulfate intravenously

About which laboratory values would the nurse be immediately concerned because they could cause cardiac arrest? Select all that apply. A. Calcium 7.9 mg/L B. Potassium 5.9 mEq/L C. Sodium 138 mEq/L D. Chloride 104 mEq/L E. Magnesium 1.7 mg/ dL

A. Calcium 7.9 mg/L B. Potassium 5.9 mEq/L

The nurse is caring for a client with a new onset of atrial fibrillation. Which prescribed treatments would the nurse expect? Select all that apply. A. Digoxin B. Warfarin C. Amiodarone D. Defibrillation E. Electrical cardioversion

A. Digoxin B. Warfarin E. Electrical cardioversion

The nurse would anticipate the use of which medications in the treatment of the client with heart failure? Select all that apply. A. Diuretics B. Anticoagulants C. Anticholinergics D. Cardiac glycosides E. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors F Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A. Diuretics D. Cardiac glycosides E. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors F Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A client with hypertension has been prescribed a low-sodium diet. The nurse reinforcing instructions about foods that are allowed would include which foods in a list provided to the client? Select all that apply. A. Fresh tomato B. Tomato soup C. Boiled shrimp D. Instant oatmeal E. Summer squash

A. Fresh tomato E. Summer squash

A client is diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). The nurse would become concerned with which laboratory values? Select all that apply. A. Increased D-dimer B. Decreased hemoglobin C. Increased platelet count D. Decreased fibrinogen level E. Decreased prothrombin level

A. Increased D-dimer B. Decreased hemoglobin D. Decreased fibrinogen level

The health care provider is discharging a client with a diagnosis of primary hypertension. Which health maintenance instructions would the nurse reinforce in the discharge teaching plan? Select all that apply. A. Monitor the blood pressure at home. B. Restrict sodium intake as prescribed. C. Take a calcium supplement to lower blood pressure. D. Eye examinations with an ophthalmoscope should be routine. E. Follow-up appointments for blood pressure checks are important.

A. Monitor the blood pressure at home. B. Restrict sodium intake as prescribed. D. Eye examinations with an ophthalmoscope should be routine. E. Follow-up appointments for blood pressure checks are important.

The nurse is preparing for a health fair about tobacco use and the development of coronary heart disease. Which information would the nurse include? Select all that apply. A. Nicotine decreases oxygen to the heart. B. Hypnosis may be helpful to stop smoking. C. Avoid exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. D. Cigars or pipes are healthier than cigarette smoking. E. Tobacco smoking increases a female's level of estrogen.

A. Nicotine decreases oxygen to the heart. B. Hypnosis may be helpful to stop smoking. C. Avoid exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

The primary health care provider is discharging a client with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure. Which health maintenance instructions would the nurse reinforce in the discharge teaching plan? Select all that apply. A. Obtain annual influenza vaccination. B. Restrict fluid intake to 1000 mL per day. C. Avoid adding salt to foods or in cooking. D. Report a weight gain of 3 or more pounds in a week. E. Take an extra dose of prescribed diuretic for swollen ankles.

A. Obtain annual influenza vaccination. C. Avoid adding salt to foods or in cooking. D. Report a weight gain of 3 or more pounds in a week.

A client with left-sided heart failure has been admitted to the hospital. The nurse is reviewing the medical record and notes which signs and symptoms? Select all that apply. A. Orthopnea B. Weight gain C. Sleep apnea D. Pitting edema E. Pink frothy sputum

A. Orthopnea C. Sleep apnea E. Pink frothy sputum

The nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical signs are most important for the nurse to communicate to the primary health care provider? Select all that apply. A. Pink-tinged frothy sputum B. Increase in respiratory rate C. Ankle and lower leg swelling D. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea E. Auscultation of crackles throughout the lungs

A. Pink-tinged frothy sputum B. Increase in respiratory rate E. Auscultation of crackles throughout the lungs

The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of angina pectoris. What are included in the discharge plan? Select all that apply. A. Smoking cessation B. Get a flue vaccination C. Avoid aspirin products D. Decrease protein in diet E. Limit activity in cold weather F. Check blood pressure and pulse

A. Smoking cessation B. Get a flue vaccination E. Limit activity in cold weather F. Check blood pressure and pulse

The primary health care provider (PHCP) is going to perform carotid massage on a client with rapid rate atrial fibrillation. Which interventions would the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply. A. The client should be placed on a cardiac monitor. B. The PHCP massages the carotid artery for a full minute. C. The head should be turned toward the side to be massaged. D. Rhythm strips should be obtained before, during, and after the procedure. E. Monitor the vital signs, cardiac rhythm, and level of consciousness after the procedure.

A. The client should be placed on a cardiac monitor. D. Rhythm strips should be obtained before, during, and after the procedure. E. Monitor the vital signs, cardiac rhythm, and level of consciousness after the procedure.

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with croup. The nurse collects data on the child, knowing that which are characteristics of this illness? Select all that apply. A. The cough is harsh and metallic. B. Inspiratory stridor may be present. C. Symptoms usually worsen at night and are better during the day. D. Symptoms usually worsen during the day and are relieved during sleep. E. It is usually preceded by several days of upper respiratory infection symptoms.

A. The cough is harsh and metallic. B. Inspiratory stridor may be present. C. Symptoms usually worsen at night and are better during the day. E. It is usually preceded by several days of upper respiratory infection symptoms.

A client with hyperlipidemia is seen in the clinic for a follow-up visit. Which dietary modifications would the nurse include to lower the risk of coronary heart disease? Select all that apply. A. Use liquid vegetable oil. B. Increase intake of fruits. C. Choose whole grain foods. D. Remove skin from poultry. E. Select whole milk products.

A. Use liquid vegetable oil. B. Increase intake of fruits. C. Choose whole grain foods. D. Remove skin from poultry.

A client is being discharged from the hospital on warfarin for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention. Which instructions would the nurse reinforce in the client's teaching plan? Select all that apply. A. Wear a Medic Alert bracelet. B. Check urine and stool for blood. C. Notify your dentist before an appointment. D. Take a double dose to make up for a missed dose. E. You do not have to take the medication at the same time each day.

A. Wear a Medic Alert bracelet. B. Check urine and stool for blood. C. Notify your dentist before an appointment.

The nurse is teaching the client with angina pectoris about disease management and lifestyle changes that are necessary in order to control disease progression. Which statements by the client indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. A. "I will avoid using table salt with meals." B. "I am going to switch to electronic cigarettes." C. "It is best to exercise once a week for an hour." D. "I will take nitroglycerin whenever chest discomfort begins." E. "I will use muscle relaxation to cope with stressful situations."

B. "I am going to switch to electronic cigarettes." C. "It is best to exercise once a week for an hour."

The nurse is planning to reinforce instructions to a client with peripheral arterial disease about measures to limit disease progression. The nurse would include which items on a list of suggestions to be given to the client? Select all that apply. A. Wear elastic stockings. B. Be careful not to injure the legs or feet. C. Use a heating pad on the legs to aid vasodilation. D. Walk each day to increase circulation to the legs. E. Cut down on the amount of fats consumed in the diet.

B. Be careful not to injure the legs or feet. D. Walk each day to increase circulation to the legs. E. Cut down on the amount of fats consumed in the diet.

A client with right-sided heart failure has been admitted to the hospital. The nurse is reviewing the medical record and notes which signs and symptoms? Select all that apply. A. Orthopnea B. Weight gain C. Sleep apnea D. Pitting edema E. Pink frothy sputum

B. Weight gain D. Pitting edema

A client has been diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angina. The nurse reviews the medical record and notes which accompanying characteristics? Select all that apply. A. Relieved by rest B. Occurs after exercise C. Prolonged severe pain D. Nitroglycerine relieves the pain E. Happens at the same time each day

C. Prolonged severe pain E. Happens at the same time each day

The nurse is admitting a client with acute pericarditis who reports chest pain. When planning the client's care, which positions would the nurse encourage the client to assume to alleviate the chest pain? Select all that apply. A. Lying supine B. Right side-lying C. Sitting up and leaning forward D. Semi-Fowler's with knees bent E. Head of bed elevated to 45 degrees

C. Sitting up and leaning forward E. Head of bed elevated to 45 degrees