Cardiovascular System PME
A client starts drug therapy, but the following day he reports that he is having palpitations. His ECG at the emergency department indicates frequent premature ventricular contractions, so the primary care provider prescribes a stat dose of lidocaine, 50 mg via IV bolus. A healthcare professional who administers the drug monitors the client for which adverse reactions to lidocaine? a. metabolic alkalosis b. hypertension c. tachycardia d. paresthesias
d
A client is taking bumetanide and spironolactone. You explain to the client that using these drugs together may reduce the risk of which adverse effects? a. hypokalemia b. hyponatremia c. hyperglycemia d. hypochloremia
a
A nurse is administering hydrochlorothiazide to a client who has gouty arthritis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings that indicates an adverse effect of this drug? a. Hyperuricemia b. Hypernatremia c. Hyperkalemia d. Hypoglycemia
a
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking a loop diuretic and is experiencing a thready, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, and confusion. The nurse should identify that these manifestations indicate which of the following adverse effects? a. Hypokalemia b. Hypoglycemia c. Hypouricemia d. Hyponatremia
a
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for losartan to treat hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following findings could indicate an adverse reaction to the drug and needs to be reported? a. Facial edema b. Sleepiness c. Peripheral edema d. Constipation
a
A nurse is reviewing new prescriptions with a client who has heart disease. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following drugs is prescribed to treat hypercholesterolemia? a. simvastatin b. furosemide c. losartan d. nitroglycerin
a
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following manifestations is a potential adverse effect of this drug? a. Headache b. Constipation c. Hypertension d. Hyperglycemia
a
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for quinidine. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? a. "Monitor your pulse rate and report changes." b. "Remain upright for 30 minutes after taking this medication." c. "This medication can decrease digoxin levels." d. "This medication can cause urinary incontinence."
a
A nurse should recognize that milrinone is contraindicated for a client who has which of the following conditions? a. acute MI b. peripheral vascular disease c. ulcerative colitis d. ventricular tachycardia
a
A primary care provider prescribes captopril to treat the client's hypertension and also help alleviate his heart failure. It is essential for a health care provider to make sure a client understands that he should not take which OTC drugs while taking captopril? a. ibuprofen b. acetaminophen c. calcium carbonate d. diphenhydramine
a
A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin captopril therapy. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to report because it can indicate a need to discontinue drug therapy? (Select all that apply). a. Rash b. Distorted taste c. Swelling of the tongue d. Photosensitivity e. Dry cough
a, b, c, e
You are caring for a client who is taking oral amiodarone to treat atrial fibrillation. Recognizing the adverse effects of amiodarone, you advise the client to watch for and report which of the following? (select all that apply) a. cough b. blurred vision c. dizziness d. sore throat e. fever
a, b, c, e
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for aliskiren to treat hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the drug? (Select all that apply). a. Hyperkalemia b. Throat swelling c. Constipation d. Cough e. Joint pain
a, b, d
Digoxin is effective in treating HF due to which pharmacological actions? (select all that apply) a. exerts positive inotropic action b. decreased CO c. decreases sympathetic tone d. increases vascular constriction e. increases myocardial contractility
a, c, e
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking spironolactone to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client laboratory values requires immediate intervention? a. Sodium 140 mEq/L b. Potassium 5.2 mEq/L c. Chloride 100 mEq/L d. Magnesium 1.9 mEq/L
b
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is taking simvastatin. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following manifestations as an indication of a serious adverse reaction that could require discontinuing drug therapy? a. Bronchoconstriction b. Muscle pain c. Lip numbness d. Somnolence
b
A client is about to start taking hydrochlorothiazide for HTN. To assess for adverse effects of this drug, you monitor for which during drug therapy? (select all that apply) a. ototoxicity b. hyponatremia c. hypokalemia d. dehydration e. hypoglycemia
b, c, d
propranolol
beta adrenergic blocker that controls atrial and ventricular tachycardia
A nurse is caring for a client who has a glomerular filtration rate of 10 mL/min and a reduced urine output. The nurse should clarify a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for this client because of which of the following characteristics of the drug? a. The drug can cause hypoglycemia in clients who have a low urine output. b. The drug does not reduce blood pressure for clients who have a low urine output. c. The drug can increase the risk of pulmonary edema for clients who have renal insufficiency. d. The drug does not promote diuresis for clients who have renal insufficiency.
d
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil to treat atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking verapamil because it can cause the client to experience which of the following conditions? a. tachycardia b. dehydration c. diarrhea d. hypotension
d
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking carvedilol and has a prescription for an oral antidiabetic drug to manage their new diagnosis of type 2 DM. By taking both drugs concurrently, the nurse should identify that the client is at an increased risk for which of the following conditions? a. hyperglycemia b. bradycardia c. hypotension d. hypoglycemia
d
amiodarone
potassium channel blocker that treats ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia
quinidine
sodium channel blocker that treats supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias
A nurse is caring for a client who has a depressive disorder and requires a prescription drug to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that which of the following antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated for this client? a. Reserpine b. Captopril c. Hydralazine d. Eplerenone
a
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking a diuretic. The nurse should instruct the client to include which of the following foods in their diet to increase potassium intake? a. Raisins b. Cabbage c. Cheese d. Eggs
a
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking amiodarone to treat atrial fibrillation. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to avoid while taking this drug? a. Grapefruit juice b. Milk c. Foods high in vitamin K d. NSAIDs
a
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking atorvastatin and has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. The nurse should recognize that this drug combination places the client at an increased risk for which of the following adverse effects? a. Myopathy b. Hypoglycemia c. Irregular pulse d. Kidney failure
a
A nurse should identify that which of the following drugs is used only for the short-term treatment of a cardiac dysrhythmia because of the serious adverse effects associated with long-term use? a. quinidine b. procainamide c. nitroglycerin d. verapamil
b
You are talking with a client who is taking losartan for HTN. She asks you about stopping contraception and starting a family. You inform the client that losartan is unsafe to take during pregnancy due to which risk? a. macrosomnia b. fetal injury c. gestational diabetes d. thromboembolic disease
b
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply). a. Take the drug with food b. Report any new intolerance to fried foods c. Report muscle tenderness d. Expect periodic liver function testing e. Take the drug once each daily
b, c, d
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for dobutamine. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client is receiving which of the following types of drugs? (Select all that apply). a. ACE inhibitor b. MAOI c. General anesthetic d. Tricyclic antidepressant e. Beta blocker
b, c, d, e
A client is about to start taking aliskiren to treat HTN. Which of the following should you tell the client to avoid to ensure optimal absorption of this drug? a. soy sauce b. green, leafy veggies c. fatty foods d. foods high in carbohydrates
c
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for propranolol to treat a tachydysrhythmia. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking which of the following types of over-the-counter drugs while taking propranolol? a. Antihistamines b. Potassium supplements c. NSAIDs d. Vitamin C
c
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client has a history of which of the following conditions? a. Migraine headaches b. Pancreatitis c. Second-degree AV block d. Angina pectoris
c
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin and develops changes on their ECG tracing and other manifestations that indicate the client has severe digoxin toxicity. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to treat this complication? a. Acetylcysteine b. Flumazenil c. Antigen-binding fragments d. Deferoxamine
c
A primary care provider then prescribes quinidine gluconate as an oral antidysrhythmic agent. a healthcare professional should question the use of quinidine for a client taking digoxin, due to a possible drug interaction that can result in which adverse effect? a. liver toxicity b. quinidine toxicity c. digoxin toxicity d. cardiotoxicity
c
Recognizing the potential for a drug interaction between the diuretic, furosemide, and the cardiac glycoside, digoxin, the primary care provider plans to monitor this client for which adverse effect? a. hyperkalemia b. ototoxicity c. digoxin toxicity d. hypoglycemia
c
While instructing a client about using isosorbide to treat angina, you advise the client to avoid which of the following? a. milk b. caffeine c. alcohol d. grapefruit juice
c
While talking with a client who is taking captopril to treat HTN, which instructions do you include to help her manage the drug's adverse effects? a. check your HR prior to taking the drug b. wear sunscreen and protective clothing while outdoors c. do not use salt substitutes to season your food d. take the drug with a meal
c
You are caring for a client whose atrial dysrhythmia fails to respond to other antidysrhythmia therapies. You anticipate that the primary care provider might try which drugs whose off-label use includes refractory atrial dysrhythmias? a. propranolol b. lidocaine c. flecainide d. amiodarone
c
A nurse is caring for a client who will begin using transdermal nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris. When speaking to the client about the drug, which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply). a. "Apply a new patch at the onset of anginal pain." b. "Apply the patch to dry skin and cover the area with plastic wrap." c. "Apply the patch to a hairless area and rotate sites." d. "Apply a new patch when you start your day." e. "Remove patches for 10 to 12 hours each day."
c, d, e
verapamil
calcium channel blocker that treats supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation or flutter
You are administering lidocaine, 50 mg via IV bolus, to a client with. a ventricular dysrhythmia. You monitor the client for which adverse reactions to lidocaine? a. metabolic alkalosis b. hypertension c. tachycardia d. paresthesias
d
