Cardiovascular System Task Cards
Normal blood pressure is less than ___. High blood pressure is also called ___.
120 over 80; Hypertension
Narrowing of the arteries due to a build up of plaque is called ___. If this occurs in a blood vessel that supplies the heart, it is called ___ ___ disease.
Atherosclerosis; Coronary Artery
What are the upper receiving chambers of the heart are called? The lower, discharging chambers of the heart are called?
Atria; Ventricles
Which diagram shows systole?
B
Put these heart structures in the order through which blood travels. A. Mitral valve B. Pulmonary vein C. Left ventricle D. Aorta
B, A, C & D
Which of the following statements about blood flow through the heart is NOT true? A. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs B. The right ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the right atrium C. Oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle through the aorta D. Deoxygenated blood travels from the right side of the heart to the lungs
B. The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood not oxygenated.
What is the superior ends of the heart called? Inferior?
Base; Apex
What arteries branch off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic Artery, Left Common Carotid Artery & Left Subclavian Artery
The surgical procedure that goes around blockages in coronary arteries is ___ surgery.
Bypass
Which of the following statements about blood pressure is NOT true? A. Expressed as a fraction B. It is the pressure of blood pushing against the inner walls of blood vessels C. Systolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the atria are contracting D. Diastolic pressure is usually the lower number
C. The vetricles contact not the atria
When the ventricles contract, what position are the AV valves in? The semilunar valves?
Closed; Open
What does systole mean? Diastole?
Contraction; Relaxation
What artery supplies blood to the myocardium?
Coronary
Put these heart structures in the order through which blood travels. A. Tricuspid valve B. Pulmonary artery C. Left atrium D. Inferior vena cava
D, A, B & C
Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with aging. A. Loss of elasticity in vessels B. Progression of atherosclerosis C. Heart valves stiffen D. Decrease in blood pressure
D. A decrease in blood pressure is not associated with age.
Which of the following statements about the myocardium is NOT true? A. It's the layer of the heart wall that actually contracts B. Composed of cardiac muscle C. Arranged in thick twisted bundles D. Secretes pericardial fluid
D. The myocardium does not secrete pericardial fluid
Most capillary exchange is accomplished by ___ and determined by blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
Diffusion
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder to pump blood
Put these parts of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart in the order through which impulses travel. A. Bundle branches B. Purkinje fibers C. AV node D. Bundle of His E. SA node
E, C, D, A & B
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
Heart, Blood & Blood Vessels (Arteries, Veins & Capillaries)
Blood from the digestive system, spleen, and pancreas is carried to the liver by the ___ ___ vein.
Hepatic Portal
What are some benefits of aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular system?
Increases the power and efficiency of the heart, pulse rate and blood pressure also decreases with exercise, and lack of exercise along with an unhealthy diet may be more important contributing factors to cardiovascular disease than the effects of aging
Endocarditis
Infection of the heart lining
What separates the right and left ventricle longitudinally?
Interventricular Septum
Heart activity is regulated by the nervous system and what other system?
Intrinsic Conduction
___ stroke occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is blocked by a clot. ___ stroke occurs when a vessel breaks and there is bleeding on the brain.
Ischemic; Hemorrhagic
What does the chordae tendinae do?
It anchors the flaps of AV valves to the heart walls Prevent flaps from blowing up into the atria when ventricles are contracting.
What carries blood TO the lungs?
Left Pulmonary Artery
What vessels do blood travel through as it returns to the heart from the lungs?
Left Pulmonary Vens, Right Pulmonary Veins & Aorta
What side of the heart is the systemic pump? What side of the heart is the pulmonary pump?
Left; Right
What does a sphygmomanometer do?
Measures blood pressure
A heart attack or ___ ___, occurs when blood flow to an area of the heart muscle is blocked.
Myocardial Infarction
What is the thick muscular layer of the heart is called?
Myocardium
As atria contract & ventricles fill, what position are the AV valves in? The semilunar valves?
Open; Closed
What are some substances carried by blood through the body.
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nutrients, Wastes, Hormones, etc.
What are the other two valves?
Pulmonary & Aortic
Which wave on this EKG represents depolarization of the ventricles?
QRS
What are the four heart chambers?
Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium & Left Ventricle
What node starts each heartbeat and is also called the pacemaker?
SA
What causes high blood pressure?
Smoking, Obesity & Lack of Exercise
What is used to listen to your heart sounds? What causes the first "lub" sound? What causes the second "dup" sound?
Stethoscope; Closing of the AV valves; Closing of the semilunar valves
Identify these large vessels. They carry ___ blood from the upper and lower body to the ___ ___ of the heart.
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava; Deoxygenated; Right Atrium
What is a rapid heart rate, over 100 bpm, is called? What is a slow heart rate, below 60 bpm, is called?
Tachycardia; Bradycardia
What is cardiac output? How is cardiac output calculated?
The amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart (each ventricle) in one minute; The product of heart rate and stroke volume
What is the name of the largest artery in the body? What is its function?
The aorta transports blood throughout the entire body.
What creates a pulse?
The contraction of the ventricles (You count the pressure waves created to get this!)
What is the cardiac cycle?
The events in one heart beat which includes the contraction and the relaxation of both atria and ventricles. At 75 bpm, it lasts about 0.8 seconds.
What do capillaries do?
They allow for diffusion of substances between the blood and cells, extend & branch through tissues to form capillary bed, and connect arterioles and venules.
What's the purpose of heart valves?
To prevent the backflow of blood.
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
To pump blood that transports substances through the vessels of the body.
What are the two atrioventricular valves?
Tricuspid & Mitral
What are the layers or tunics of an artery wall?
Tunica Externa, Media, Interna
Heart murmur
Unusual heart sound produced by abnormal blood flow
Most capillary beds have a ___ ___ that directly connects the arteriole and venule. Blood flow can be diverted away from true capillaries by precapillary ___.
Vascular Shunt; Sphincters
In fetal circulation, nutrients and oxygen are carried to the fetus from the placenta through the umbilical ___.
Vein
Where is the heart located?
Within the inferior mediastinum, the middle cavity of the thorax, or between the lungs in the thoracic cavity.
What is the circle of willis?
A complete circle of connecting blood vessels that protects the brain by providing more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue.
Atrial Septal Defect
A hole in the wall between the right and left atria
What is an Electrocardiogram or EKG?
A recording of the flow of electrical impulses that travel through the heart
What is the pericardial sac?
A serous membrane that surrounds the heart and secretes serous fluid to reduce friction.
Identify the labeled blood vessels in this diagram.
A. Arterioles B. Capillaries C. Venules
Match these major arteries to the correct label on the diagram. (Refer to task cards)
A. Axillary B. Brachial C. Radial
Match these major arteries to the correct label on the diagram. (Refer to task cards)
A. Coronary B. Renal C. Common Iliac
Identify the 2 veins labeled on the diagram. (Refer to task cards)
A. External Jugular Vein B. Internal Jugular Vein
Match these major veins to the correct label on the diagram. (Refer to task cards)
A. Femoral B. Great saphenous C. Popliteal
Which of the following statements about the heart is NOT true? A. Weighs about 5 pounds B. Approximately the size of a closed fist C. Beats over 2 billion times in a lifetime D. Rests on the diaphragm in the thoracic cavity
A. The heart weighs less than a pound
What vessel carries blood away from the heart? Toward?
Arteries; Veins
Match the following characteristics to the correct type of blood vessel. 1. Thinner walls 2. Carry blood away from the heart 3. Thicker walls 4. Some have valves 5. Larger lumen
Artery: 2 & 3 Veins: 1, 4 & 5
