CCC DMS Thyroid / Neck

What is the most common etiology of hyperparathyroidism?

Adenoma of a parathyroid gland

Inflammation of the thyroid gland secondary to a viral infection is commonly associated with what condition?

De Quarvain syndrome

You are performing a thyroid ultrasound on a young woman with hypothyroidism. You detect a moderately enlarged, hypoechoic thyroid with a coarsened parenchymal echo texture. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

What condition is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism?

Hashimotos

Which thyroid condition is a predisposing factor for thyroid malignancy?

Hashimotos

What regulates the secretion of T3, T4, and calcitonin?

Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a predisposing factor for development of what neoplasm?

Parathyroid adenoma

Pancreatitis, hypertension, and hypercalcemia are clinical findings associated with what neoplasm?

Parathyroid adenoma

The first branch of the external carotid artery is the

Superior thyroid artery

Tissue metabolism is regulated by what hormone?

T3

A thyroglossal cyst is located between which structures?

Thyroid isthmus and tongue

What muscle is seen as thin, hypoechoic bands immediately anterior to each thyroid lobe?

the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles AKA the strap muscles

The thyroid is an endocrine gland that secretes what three hormones?

triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin

What vessel is seen to course through the transverse foramina of the cervical spine?

vertebral

During transverse imaging of the thyroid, you detect a hypoechoic, round nodule posterior and medial to the thyroid. How can you determine if this is the esophagus or a nodule?

Have the patient swallow while scanning the area

What is the typical sonographic appearance of a parathyroid adenoma?

Homogeneous, hypoechoic, solid oval-shaped nodule

A cystic hygroma is related to what abnormality?

Inadequate drainage of lymph fluid

What muscle is located posterior to each lobe of the thyroid?

Longus coli

You are performing a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with increased serum calcium levels. What pathology are you searching for?

Parathyroid adenoma

The thyroid gland is composed of follicles filled with a substance called ___________________.

colloid

The superior thyroid artery is a branch of what artery?

external carotid

A patient has been referred for a thyroid ultrasound to locate a parathyroid adenoma. How many parathyroid glands are present in most people?

four

You are performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with parathyroid hyperplasia. How many glands are usually involved in this condition?

four

You are performing an ultrasound exam to rule out the presence of parathyroid adenoma. Hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by enlargement of how many parathyroid glands?

one

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

papillary carcinoma

Secretion of thyroid hormones is stimulated by what structure?

pituitary gland

You have identified the thyrocervical trunk in a patient with a hypervascular thyroid nodule. The thyrocervical trunk arises from what artery?

subclavian artery

Neck muscles located anterolateral to the thyroid gland include ____________________, _________________________, and ________________________.

the strap muscles (sternothyroid and sternohyoid), the sternocleidomastoid, and the omohyoid and thyrohyoid

Where do parathyroid glands develop from?

the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches

Clinical symptoms of hypothyoidism include all of the following except A. arthritis B. tremors C. muscle cramps D. weight gain E. skin dryness

tremors

The parathyroid glands are situated __________________ to the thyroid gland and _________________ to the longus colli muscle.

posterior to the thyroid and anterior to the longus colli

While performing a thyroid ultrasound, you detect a lymph node suspicious for malignancy. What are the sonographic features consistent with nodal malignancy in the neck?

rounded lymph node, heterogeneous echo texture, intranodal calcification, and absence of the echogenic hilum

The average weight of the thyroid gland is approximately ____________?

25 to 35g

A patient presents with a superficial neck mass located near the angle of the jaw. On ultrasound, the mass demonstrates a few swirling echoes within an anechoic mass. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for

Brachial cleft cyst

The first indication of thyroid gland failure is linked with a decrease in

Thyrotropin

Including iodine in your diet is required for the production of

Thyroxine

A solitary hypoechoic thyroid nodule demonstrating irregular borders and microcalcifications is most suspicious for

carcinoma

A congenital anomaly associated with an additional thyroid lobe arising from the isthmus termed

A pyramidal lobe

Which of the following symptoms is most likely related to hypercalcemia? A. fatigue B. weight loss C. palpitations D. tingling feet E. abdominal pain

Abdominal pain

A homogenous mass is identified within the inferior portion of a thyroid lobe. A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds this mass. These sonographic findings are most consistent with what neoplasm?

Adenoma

You are performing a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. What is the sonographic appearance of this condition?

Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with heterogeneous echo texture

Which of the following is considered a function of the parathyroid gland? A. producing hormones B. secreting calcitonin C. regulating serum electrolytes D. initiating an immune reaction E. maintaining homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations

E. maintaining homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations

Multilocular nodules are demonstrated on a sonogram of the thyroid. this is most consistent with what condition?

Graves disease

You are performing a thyroid study on a patient with an enlarged gland. Color Doppler shows markedly increased vascularity on both lobes. Which of the following is most likely?

Graves disease

A parathyroid mass may be suspected when an abnormality is located

Posterior to the thyroid lobe

A patient presents with a history of hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism, dysphagia, and leukocytosis. A sonogram demonstrates an enlarged hypervascular thyroid gland. on the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for...

Thyroiditis

On the left side of the neck, the common carotid arises from what artery?

aortic arch

The majority of the thyroid nodules seen on ultrasound are

benign

The most common indication for parathyroid imaging is __________________.

hypercalcemia

Clinical findings associated with Graves disease may include all of the following except: A. dyspnea B. dysphagia C. exophthalmos D. hypothyroidism E. palpable neck mass

hypothyroidism

The majority of the blood supplied to the brain is through the

internal carotid arteries

Primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is known to extend to all of the following structures except A. lung B. bone C. larynx D. liver E. lymph nodes

liver

what muscle is located posterior to the thyroid lobes?

longus colli

The strap muscles are _____________ to the sternocleidomastoid.

medial

During transverse insonation of the thyroid gland, you detect two large vessels just lateral to the thyroid. What is the most medial vessel? and what is the most lateral vessel?

medial - common carotid artery lateral - internal jugular vein

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include all of the following except: A. nervousness B. weight loss C. exophthalmos D. muscle cramps E. increased heart rate

muscle cramps