CD 305 Chapter 13 Learnsmart

Which of the following are contemporary approaches to student learning?

- Direct Instruction - Constructivist

In a two-year longitudinal study, researchers found that sixth-grade students who did not have a friend:

- Engaged in less prosocial behavior - Were more emotionally distressed - Had lower grades

Controversial children are:

- Frequently nominated as someone's best friend - Frequently disliked by their peers

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding gender differences in emotion?

- Girls are better at reading others' emotions - Boys are less likely to show self-regulation than girls

Which of the following are criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

- He based the theory on hypothetical moral situations, which is not the same as moral behavior - He did not adequately take the influences of culture and family into account

Moral exemplars are people who have moral:

- Identity - Character - Virtues

In middle and late childhood, secure attachment is associated with which of the following?

- Lower levels of anxiety - Lower levels of depression - Lower level of internalized symptoms

Regarding the development of mental and physical disorders, which statements are true?

- Men are more likely than women to develop mental disorders - Men are more likely than women to develop physical disorders

Researchers have focused attention on which THREE possible components of moral personality?

- Moral character - Moral identity - Moral exemplars

Which of the following family problems contribute to lower achievement among low-income students?

- Parents who can't read - Parents who don't set high educational standards - Family's lack of money for educational materials and experiences

Kohlberg argued that which of the following factors are the most important influences on a child's movement through the moral stages?

- Peer interaction - Perspective taking - Experience in dealing with moral questions

As children move through middle and later childhood:

- Peer interaction is less closely supervised by adults - The size of their peer group increases

The three levels of moral thinking according to Kohlberg are:

- Preconventional - Conventional - Postconventional

Which of the following are the TWO levels in Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning?

- Social contract or utility and individual rights - Universal ethical principles

The discipline situation between parents and children ages 5 to 12 typically involves:

- Statements that the child is responsible for his or her actions - Removal of privileges for the child - Appeals to the child's self-esteem

Which of the following are the THREE most common types of stepfamily structures?

- Stepmother - Stepfather - Blended

Which of the following are possible disadvantages of schools in low-income areas?

- They may have environments that aren't conducive to learning - They are more likely to have low achievement test scores - The buildings are more likely to be older and in disrepair - They are more likely to encourage rote learning

In terms of developmental changes in peer interaction, children's preference for same-sex peer groups increases until the age of:

12

_________ refers to the presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person.

Androgyny

There is nothing particularly unusual about Ramon. He gets along pretty well with most of his classmates; he is liked and disliked by an equal amount of peers. In terms of peer status, Ramon can be described as a(n) _______ child.

Average

Carol Gilligan's _______ perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

Care

Moral ________ involves having the willpower, desires, and integrity to stand up to pressure, overcome distractions and disappointments, and behave morally.

Character

Which of the statements is FALSE regarding emotional development in middle and late childhood?

Children in middle and late childhood do not understand that more than one emotion can be experienced in a particular situation

In Ms. Ahmed's eighth-grade class, the students work collaboratively in groups to discover knowledge, reflect, and think critically about different topics. Ms. Ahmed is most likely using the _______ approach to education.

Constructivist

Peer bullying and harassment on the Internet is known as __________.

Cyberbullying

The _______ _______ approach to education is a structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, high teacher expectations for student progress, and maximum time spent by students on academic tasks.

Direct institution

In the ________ theory of moral development, children's and adolescents' moral, social conventional, and personality knowledge and reasoning emerge from their attempts to understand and deal with different forms of social experience.

Domain

According to Kohlberg, the postconventional level of moral reasoning is associated with _______ internalization.

Full

A broad category that reflects generalizations and widely held beliefs about females and males is known as a ________.

Gender stereotype

In which of the following ways did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development?

He interviewed children, giving them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve

What is the first stage of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning?

Heteronomous morality

Individuals have a moral _______ when moral notions and commitments are central to their life.

Identity

In a diverse fourth-grade classroom, children are divided into collaborative learning groups in which each group has to construct a different part of a project to reach a common goal. This is an example of a ______ classroom.

Jigsaw

One important aspect of development in middle and late childhood is the ability to self-regulate, which is the ability to ______

Manage behavior, emotions, and thoughts

Kohlberg's Conventional Level of Moral Reasoning

Moral judgments are based on law and social order

Kohlberg's Postconventional Level of Moral Reasoning

Moral judgments are based on universal human rights

___________ focuses on ethical issues and rules of right and wrong.

Moral reasoning

Kohlberg's Preconventional Level of Moral Reasoning

Moral reasoning is primarily interpreted in terms of rewards and punishments

Which of the following peer statuses best describes Connie, who is shy and has low interaction with her classmates?

Neglected

According to Kohlberg, preconventional reasoning is characterized by ______ internalization.

No

Research has revealed ______ gender differences in general intellectual ability.

No

Developmentalists have distinguished five ________ statuses: popular, average, neglected, rejected, and controversial.

Peer

The term _______ refers to the ability to assume other people's points of view and understand their thoughts and feelings.

Perspective taking

Boys are consistently more ________ aggressive than girls.

Physically

In terms of peer status, the ________ child is frequently nominated as a best friend is rarely disliked by peers.

Popular

The study of ________ behavior puts more emphasis on the behavioral aspects of moral development.

Prosocial

In terms of peer status, _______ children are seldom nominated by others and are actively disliked by their peers.

Rejected

Domain-specific evaluations of the self are known as:

Self-concept

The term _________-_________ refers to global evaluations of the self; it is also called self-worth or self-image.

Self-esteem

__________ focuses on rules that have been established by consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system.

Social conventional reasoning

Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning includes two stages: interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity is one; ______ _______ morality is the other.

Social systems

Comer's approach to improving relationships among ethnically diverse students is to view the school and community as a _____, where both work together to educate children.

Team

According to Kohlberg, people in the conventional reasoning stage of moral development abide by:

The standards of others

Why should moral exemplars be studied?

To be able to characterize the ideal endpoint of moral development

Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning consists of two stages: social contract or utility and individual rights is one; _________ _________ principles is the other.

Universal ethical

The largest gender differences in prosocial behavior occurs for _______ with a smaller difference for _______.

kind and considerate behavior; sharing

The term _________ ________ describes harming someone by manipulating a relationship.

relational aggression

Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning includes two stages: interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity is one; ___________ ____________ morality is the other.

social systems

Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning consists of two stages: social contract or utility and individual rights is one; ______ _______ principles is the other.

universal ethical