CDE 232 - Human Development Chapter 13

What are the leading causes of death in middle adulthood?

cancer (#1) and cardiovascular disease (#2)

The term ______ is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.

climacteric

Many middle-aged adults experience decreases in the visual fields, creating a problem seeing objects that are..?

close.

Which of the following would be most likely to complicate the findings of a cross-sectional study like Horn's?

cohort effects

Which of the following refers to a condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone?

male hypogonadism

As people in ______ adulthood prepare for retirement, they may have to adjust their idealistic hopes to realistic possibilities to meet their goals.

middle.

Companies' emphasis on profits has resulted in

offers of early retirement to middle-aged adults.

Reaction-time tasks

one common way of assessing speed of information processing.

Common sleep changes associated with aging include which of the following?

shortened nighttime sleep duration increased nocturnal awakenings increased frequency of daytime naps

Sarcopenia

Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

True or false: Blood pressure decreases in the forties and fifties.

False.

Which statement regarding changes in middle-aged adults' memory is false?

Increases in memory are usually found in cross-sectional studies.

Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the mortality rates of people in middle adulthood?

Infectious disease was the main cause of death until the middle of the twentieth century. Chronic diseases are the main cause of death for individuals in middle adulthood. In middle age, many deaths are caused by a single, readily identifiable condition.

Which of the following statements is true regarding hormone replacement therapy?

It can consist of various forms of estrogen, and usually a progestin.

Which statement is FALSE regarding work in midlife?

It is not a central part of midlife.

Which of the following statements about leisure are true?

Leisure helps middle-aged adults prepare psychologically for retirement. A lack of leisure time in middle adulthood is linked to cognitive impairment later on.

Which of the following statements regarding changes in midlife are true?

Many 50-year-olds are in better shape today than 40-year-olds a generation or two ago. Middle age is lasting longer than in years past.

Which of the following statements about hormonal changes in middle-aged men is true?

Men do not lose fertility in middle age.

Which of the following accurately describe age-related physical changes in strength?

Obesity is a significant risk factor for sarcopenia. After age 50, muscle loss occurs at a rate of 1 to 2 percent per year.

Which of the following statements regarding changes in lung capacity in middle adulthood is FALSE?

Most middle-aged adults experience a large change in lung capacity.

What was Victor Frankl's view about people's search for meaning in life?

People find meaning, in part, by contemplating questions such as why we exist.

Which statement about the rate of physical changes in middle adulthood is FALSE?

The rate of physical changes is fairly similar for all adults.

Which of the following describe vision changes in middle age?

The retina becomes less sensitive to low light. The visual field size decreases.

Which of the following are true about the role of religion and spirituality in the lives of American adults?

There is a significant increase in spirituality from middle to late adulthood. More that 70 percent of middle-aged adults say that religion and spirituality are a major part of their lives.

Is it true that for individuals who are 30 percent overweight, the probability of dying in middle adulthood increases by about 40 percent?

True.

Studies report that there is _________ association between religious participation and longevity.

a positive

Which of the following descriptions fits middle adulthood?

a time to balance work and relationships amidst physical and psychological changes associated with aging

Which of the following refers to the ability of the eye to maintain an image on the retina?

accommodation

A loss of strength in middle adulthood is most common in the

back and legs.

For many people, middle adulthood a time of which of the following?

becoming more aware of the young-old polarity passing on something meaningful to the next generation declining physical skills

In a recent large-scale study, fluid intelligence declined in individuals 65 years of age and older but not in those who were 45 to 60 years old. This finding..?

contradicts Horn's assertion that fluid intelligence declines in middle adulthood.

It has been concluded that in general, there is a(n) ______ during middle adulthood

decline in memory

Many of the symptoms of menopause are caused by

decreased estrogen production.

Speed of processing information ______ in middle adulthood.

decreases

What are some of the contributors to erectile dysfunction?

diabetes smoking elevated cholesterol levels

Which of the following factors can help buffer declines in physical health and cognitive functioning in middle age?

emotion regulation social support a sense of control physical exercise and sleep

Which of the following side effects may be produced by menopause?

fatigue hot flashes nausea

In midlife, sensitivity to ______ pitches usually declines first.

high.

According to Horn, crystallized intelligence ______ in middle adulthood and fluid intelligence _______.

increases; decreases

Sexual functioning in middle age is LEAST influenced by which of the following?

intelligence

Which factors play a role in the rate of aging in middle age?

lifestyle factors genetic makeup

In order to solve problems in their domain, experts are more likely than novices to use strategies that include all of the following, EXCEPT

relying exclusively on recent experiences.

In general, there is little change with regard to lung capacity during middle adulthood, except for a decrease in lung capacity for people who:

smoke.

Viktor Frankl has identified which of the following as our most distinct human qualities?

spirituality freedom responsibility

The challenges facing many of today's middle-aged workers include all of the following, EXCEPT

the decline in information technologies.

Research consistently shows that, in the United States, ______ are more likely than ______ to view religion and spirituality as important in their lives.

women; men