Cell processes and energy

Chemical Equation of Photosynthesis.

6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY=C6H12O6+6O2

Food Chain

A linear sequence of organism showing how energy is transferred.

chromosomes

A threadlike structure within a cell's nucleus that contains DNA that is passes from one generation to the next.

Stage 1 of cellular respiration

In the cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules, releasing a small amount of energy.

Stage 1: Chlorophyll in plant cells captures energy from sunlight

In the first stage of photosynthesis, energy from the sunlight is captured. In plants, this process occurs mostly in the leaves. Recall that chloroplasts are green organelles inside plant cels. The green color comes from pigments, colored chemical compounds that absorb light. The main pigment for photosynthesis in chloroplasts is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll functions something like the solar cells in a solar-powered calculator. Solar cells capture the energy in light and convert it to a form that powers the calculator. Similarly, chlorophyll captures light energy converts it to a form that is used in the second stage of photosynthesis.

Stage 2 of cellular respiration

In the mitochondria, the smaller molecules react, producing carbon dioxide, water, and large amount of energy.

3 major stages

Interphase, mitosis and Cytokinesis.

Chlorophyll

It is a pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs all light except green (green is reflected, giving leaves a green olor)

replication

process in which DNA is copied.

Fermentation

the process by which cells release energy from food without using oxygen

Stage 1: interphase

During interphase, the cell grows, copies DN and prepares for division.

Stage 2: Mitosis

During mitosis the nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei and one set of DNA is sent to each new daughter cell. Takes place in 4 steps.

What is the process of cellular respiration?

Energy releases from food. It uses oxygen you get from breathing.

Stage 3: Cytokinesis

Final stage. the cytoplasm divides and the extra organelles are distributed to each new daughter cell.

3 functions of cell division

Growth, reproduction and repair.

2 types of fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation, Lactic Acid Fermentation

heterotroph (consumer in the food chain)

An organism that cannot make its own food and gets food by consuming other living things.

autotroph (producer in the food chain)

An organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food.

Chemical Equation of cellular respiration

C6+12H2O+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY

Which are the organelles in plant cells that can capture energy from the sunlight?

Chloroplasts.

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Sunlight strikes leaf. Light energy is changed to cell energy. Sugars are produced.

Stage 2: The captured light energy, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are used to produce sugars.

The hydrogen came from the water and the carbon dioxide entered through the leaves. Powered by the energy in stage 1, a series of reactions between hydrogen and carbon dioxide result in sugars. The energy from sunlight is now stored in the glucose molecule.

photosynthesis

The process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water.

Cellular respiration

The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells, releasing energy.

cell cycle

The series of events in which a cell grows, prepare for division and divides to form two daughter cells.