cells and cell transport
What are the cell membrane functions?
it functions as a barrier, regulates molecules in and out of the cell, and is selectively permeable
What does the term selectively permeable mean?
it means that only some substances can pass across a membrane/pass through something and others can't
Why is diffusion considered a passive process?
it requires no energy to pass through the membrane
Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes:
nucleolus
Genetic material (DNA) is contained within the _______ of the cell, which is known as the control center?
nucleus
Which type of microscope is often used during dissections to magnify a 3-D specimen?
stereoscope
Which type of microscope transmits a beam of electrons through a thin slice of specimen to produce a 2-D image?
TEM microscope
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
1)cells make up all things in life 2)cells are the basic unit of life 3)all cells come from pre existing cells
Who was the first person to observe things he called "animalcules" under the microscope?
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Who proposed the idea that cells are the basic unit of life in plants and that plants grow by making new cells?
Matthias Schleiden
What are three examples of active transport?
Na/K pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
Who used a microscope that he designed to study a thin slice of cork and coined the term cells?
Robert Hooke
Who proposed the idea that every living cell comes from another living cell?
Rudolf Virchow
Which type of microscope uses a beam of electrons to scan the surface of a specimen to produce a 3-D image?
SEM microscope
Who proposed the idea that cells are the basic unit of life in animals?
Theodore Schwann
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
active requires energy and passive requires no energy
Which type of cell contains ribosomes?
both types of cells
Which organelle would NOT be found in an animal cell?
cell wall
Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory?
cells must contain DNA
Which organelle captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells?
chloroplasts
Which organelle converts energy from the sun into sugar?
chloroplasts
Name two organelles found in plant cells that are NOT seen in animal cells?
chloroplasts and cell wall
Which organelles are involved in cell movement?
cilia and flagella
Cell organelles are located within the gel-like fluid of the cell known as?
cytoplasm
What structures do BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
cytoplasm and ribosomes
Which organelle helps the cell keep its shape?
cytoskeleton
Which type of cell contains a nucleus?
eukaryote
Which category of cells contains plant and animal cells?
eukaryote cells
Which type of cell contains a membrane bound nucleus?
eukaryote cells
This organelle functions to packages and deliver proteins?
golgi body
What type of molecules cannot easily pass through a membrane?
hydrophilic molecules because they help in order to pass through
What type of molecules can easily pass through a membrane?
hydrophobic molecules because they are water and usually small enough to pass
Which type of microscope uses a beam of light and two lenses to form a 2-D image of the specimen?
light microscope
The organelles that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell are called?
lysosomes
Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?
lysosomes
Which organelle produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions, sometimes called the "powerhouse" of the cell?
mitochondria
Describe active transport?
movement of materials against a concentration difference that requires energy (ex. endocytosis)
Describe facilitated diffusion?
process by which molecules that can't directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels (ex. osmosis)
Describe simple diffusion?
process by which particles move away from their area of high to low concentration area (ex. O2)
What is exocytosis?
process by which the cell expels materials that are too large to pass through
What type of cell would you find the DNA floating freely within the cell?
prokaryote
Which category of cells is only unicellular?
prokaryote cells
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus?
ribosomes
Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell?
ribosomes
Which organelle acts as a protective barrier or wall around the cell?
the cell membrane
Which organelle regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell?
the cell membrane
Which organelle is found only in plant cells and provided protection and support?
the cell wall
What is osmosis?
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Which organelle acts as the highway system of the cell?
the endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle acts as the post office of the cell?
the golgi apparatus
Which organelle acts as the recycling plant of the cell?
the lysosomes
Why is the cell membrane called a fluid mosaic model?
the membrane is constantly moving, and it is mosaic because it is made of many different proteins.
Which organelle acts as the power plant of the cell?
the mitochondria
Which organelle acts as the control center of the cell?
the nucleus
Which organelle stored DNA?
the nucleus stores this
What is diffusion?
the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is facilitated diffusion?
the process in which molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels
What is endocytosis?
the process of taking material into the cell by folding pockets of the membrane
Which organelle acts as the storage facility of the cell?
the vacuoles
What do active and passive transport both do?
they both allow materials to move across the membrane , but active requires energy to do so and passive doesn't require energy
The endoplasmic reticulum function is to?
transport materials
Which structure is used to store food, water, wastes, and other materials within the cell?
vacuoles