Cells Review Part 2 - Unit 4

If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring? A. active transport B. passive transport C. osmosis D. diffusion

A. active transport

Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane? A. Substances are moving rapidly across the cell membrane. B. ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane. C. Substances are moving from high to low concentrations. D. Substances are moving through channels in the cell membrane.

B. ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane.

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? A. Both contain a nucleus. B. Both contain ribosomes. C. Both contain membrane-bound organelles. D. Both contain cell walls.

B. Both contain ribosomes.

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure? A. cell wall B. chloroplast C. mitochondrion D. vacuole

B. chloroplast

A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process? A. DNA B. lipids C. ATP D. ribosomes

C. ATP

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? A. All living things are made of cells. B. All cells come from other preexisting cells. C. Cells form through spontaneous generation. D. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

C. Cells form through spontaneous generation.

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions? A. As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity. B. Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells. C. During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells. D. During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

C. During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant? A. They will swell because water will move into them. B. They will swell because salt will move into them. C. They will shrink because water will move out of them. D. They will shrink because salt will move out of them.

C. They will shrink because water will move out of them.

What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain? A. membrane-bound organelles B. linear chromosomes C. cytoplasm D. a nucleus

C. cytoplasm

Which is a primary function of a vacuole in a cell? A. enzyme production B. protein synthesis C. storage D. reproduction

C. storage

Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory? A. X-rays B. computers C. the light microscope D. the scanning electron microscope

C. the light microscope

This diagram shows a plant cell. Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

D. 4

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus? A. bacteria B. only animal cells C. protists D. both plant and animal cells

D. both plant and animal cells

What will happen if an animal cell that has a solute concentration of 1% is placed in a 5% saltwater solution? a. It will shrink because there is less water outside of the cell than there is on the inside. b. It will burst because there is more water on the outside of the cell than there is on the inside. c. It will burst because there is more water on the inside of the cell than there is on the outside. d. It will remain the same size because there is an equal amount of water on the inside and outside of the cell.

a. It will shrink because there is less water outside of the cell than there is on the inside.

Which of these cells in the human body is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body? a. Stem Cell b. Red Blood Cell c. Sperm Cell d. Egg Cell

b. Red Blood Cell

A molecule can easily pass through the selectively permeable membrane of an animal cell. Which of these most likely describes the molecule? a. The molecule is very small and charged. b. The molecule is very large and charged. c. The molecule is very small and not charged. d. The molecule is very large and not charged.

c. The molecule is very small and not charged.

A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant? a. They will swell because water will move into them. b. They will swell because salt will move into them. c. They will shrink because water will move out of them. d. They will shrink because salt will move out of them.

c. They will shrink because water will move out of them.

Cells in your intestinal lining have a higher concentration of sodium than your food. How do they take in the additional sodium they need? a. osmosis b. diffusion c. active transport d. passive transport

c. active transport

A skin cell is an example of a eukaryotic cell. A bacterium living in your large intestine is an example of a prokaryotic cell. What would you see with a microscope if you looked closely into your skin cell that you would not observe in the bacterial cell? a. cell membrane b. chromosome c. mitochondria d. mitosis

c. mitochondria

What will most likely happen to a plant cell if it is placed in distilled water? a. The cell will divide b. The cell will remain the same size c. The cell will shrink d. The cell will swell

d. The cell will swell

One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Each beaker shown below contains an amphibian egg collected from one of four different locations. Which of these beakers contains an egg that would shrink and why? a. 3 - Water will exit the cell to maintain homeostasis. b. 2 - Water will enter the cell to maintain homeostasis. c. 1 - Dissolved substances will exit the cell by diffusion. d. 4 - Dissolved substances will enter the cell by diffusion

a. 3 - Water will exit the cell to maintain homeostasis.

What determines the function of a specialized cell? a. the active genes in the cell b. the type of RNA in the cell c. the number of ribosomes in the cell d. the number of chromosomes in the cell

a. the active genes in the cell

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure? a. cell wall b. chloroplast c. mitochondrion d. vacuole

b. chloroplast

Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins, DNA, and cells? a. Proteins combine to produce cells, which produce DNA b. Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced. c. DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function. d. Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins.

d. Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins.

Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell? A. passive transport by diffusion B. active transport using ATP C. passive transport by osmosis D. phagocytosis

B. active transport using ATP

The diagram shows a model of a bacterial cell a student created. The student needs to add a card for each structure that explains its function. Which table shows the correct arrangement of the cards with the cell structures? Card 1 -> Gel-like fluid that contains all cell structures. Card 2 - Contains genetic information of the cell. Card 3 - Provides protective framework to the cell. Card 4 - Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Card 1 - Cytoplasm Card 2 - DNA Card 3 - Cell Wall Card 4 - Cell Membrane

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred? A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution. B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums. C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. lysosome B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. ribosome

D. ribosome

Which characteristic do most plants have in common? A. they are unicellular B. they are prokaryotic C. they produce seeds D. they are autotrophic

D. they are autotrophic

A student listed some characteristics of a structure present in an animal cell. 1. It completely surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. 2. It controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell. 3. It separates the contents of a cell from the external environment. Which cell structure is being described? a. Cell membrane b. Cell wall c. Mitochondria d. Nucleus

a. Cell membrane

Many scientists depend on electron microscopes to study cells and cell structures. Which of the following is an advantage of electron microscopes over light microscopes? a. Electron microscopes produce highly magnified images. b. Electron microscopes show the true colors of images. c. Electron microscopes can study living cells and tissues. d. Electron microscopes are less expensive and easier to use.

a. Electron microscopes produce highly magnified images.

In the given scenario what will happen? An gummy bear is placed in pure water for 48 hours. What word describes the results a. Hypotonic Solution b. Hypertonic Solution c. Isotonic Solution

a. Hypotonic Solution

The classical cell theory was proposed by Theodor Schwann in 1839. The three major parts were based on a conclusion made by Schwann and Matthias Schleiden in 1838, after comparing their observations of plant and animal cells. The third part was described by Rudolf Virchow in 1858. Why has knowledge about cells and The Cell Theory changed over the last few hundred years? a. Improvements in technology have provided more accurate data and new observations. b. Scientists are better at making inferences because they are smarter. c. Theories have been shown to be educated guesses. d. New cellular organelles have evolved to replace old organelles.

a. Improvements in technology have provided more accurate data and new observations.

When looking at the cell membrane, where are the lipid tails located? a. Inner part of the bilayer b. Outer part of the bilayer c. At the end of the bilayer d. Goes through each end of the bilayer

a. Inner part of the bilayer

Under a microscope, you observe a cell that has a nucleus, ribosomes, a cell membrane, but no cell wall. Which of the following is the correct classification for this cell? a. It is an animal cell. b. It is a prokaryotic cell. c. It is a plant cell. d. It is a bacterial cell.

a. It is an animal cell.

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? a. It will be unable to carry out respiration. b. It will lose water through osmosis. c. It will break down ribosomes in the cell d. It will be unable to photosynthesize.

a. It will be unable to carry out respiration.

What will most likely be the result if all the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? a. It will be unable to carry out respiration. b. It will lose water through osmosis. c. It will break down the ribosomes in the cell. d. It will be unable to photosynthesize.

a. It will be unable to carry out respiration.

Which will most likely happen if a freshwater plant cell is placed in a beaker of salt water for an hour? a. It will swell and burst. b. It will lose water and shrink. c. It will reach a state of equilibrium. d. It will use energy and pump extra salt out of the cell.

a. It will swell and burst.

Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria than do other cells, such as skin cells. Why do some cells have more mitochondria than other cells? a. The cells use more energy. b. The cells store more nutrients. c. The cells degrade more proteins. d. The cells divide more frequently.

a. The cells use more energy.

In the given scenario what will happen? An gummy bear is placed in pure water for 48 hours. a. The gummy bear will gain water and swell. b. Water will move in and out of the cell equally, and the cell with neither shrink nor swell. c. The gummy bear will lose water and shrink.

a. The gummy bear will gain water and swell.

The diagram illustrates the use of energy by a nerve cell to expel a sodium ion from inside of the cell. Which BEST explains why energy is necessary to complete this function? a. The ion is being transported against a concentration gradient. b. The ion has more kinetic energy than surrounding molecules. c. The ion is a waste product that is digested by the cell membrane. d. The ion is too large to pass through the cell membrane by diffusion.

a. The ion is being transported against a concentration gradient.

Lionel places red blood cells in a beaker of pure water and then observes their activity under a microscope. Which of the following is the most likely result that Lionel will obtain? a. Water diffuses into the red blood cells by osmosis, and the cells eventually burst. b. Water diffuses out of the red blood cells by osmosis, and the cells shrink to about half their normal size. c. Water diffuses both in and out of the red blood cells, and the cells remain approximately the same size. d. Water diffuses both in and out of the red blood cells, and the cells alternately expand and shrink.

a. Water diffuses into the red blood cells by osmosis, and the cells eventually burst.

Nicole is studying plant cells under a microscope. She observes one set of structures that she identifies as chloroplasts, and she observes another set of structures that she identifies as mitochondria. Is it possible that Nicole has correctly identified these structures? a. Yes, many plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts. b. Yes, but only if the mitochondria and chloroplasts are in separate cells and not together in the same cells. c. No, plant cells only have chloroplasts and not mitochondria. d. No, plant cells only have mitochondria and not chloroplasts.

a. Yes, many plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Brendan claims that an advantage of the light microscope is that it can be designed for use without electricity. Is Brendan's claim correct? a. Yes, with the condition that sufficient light is available. b. Yes, with the condition that only the low-power objective will be used. c. No, because electricity is needed to direct light through the lenses. d. No, because electricity is needed to generate a beam of electrons.

a. Yes, with the condition that sufficient light is available.

An Amoeba is a unicellular, animal-like protist that lives in ponds and streams. According to cell theory, where did this cell come from? a. another pre-existing amoeba cell. b. energy from sun that allowed the protist to reproduce. c. a multicellular organism. d. the nonliving environment.

a. another pre-existing amoeba cell.

A student lists the functions of several cell organelles in the table. Which cell organelles have their functions listed correctly? Select ALL that apply. Chloroplast - Transports materials around the cell. Cytoplasm - Stores energy molecules Vacuole - Controls the cell. Nucleus - Produces energy-rich molecules. Nuclear membrane - Produces proteins. Mitochondrion - Stores minerals and wastes. Cell Membrane - Controls the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell. Cell Wall - Give the cell its shape. a. cell membrane b. cell wall c. chloroplast d. cytoplasm e. mitochondrion

a. cell membrane b. cell wall

Biological systems are highly organized. The basic unit of all living things is the cell. Cells with a similar structure and function are organized into a(n)- a. tissue b. organ c. organ system d. organism

a. tissue

Chloroplasts in plant cells allow the plant to perform a function that animal cells cannot do. What is the main function of the chloroplasts found in plant cells? a. to absorb light energy and manufacture food b. to remove waste materials by active transport c. to manufacture chemical energy from food d. to control the shape of the cell

a. to absorb light energy and manufacture food

Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane? a. Substances are moving rapidly across the cell membrane. b. ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane. c. Substances are moving from high to low concentrations. d. Substances are moving through channels in the cell membrane.

b. ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane.

Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells? a. Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles. b. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do. c. Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes. d. Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.

b. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

A bacterium will construct different proteins to metabolize the sugars lactose or glucose, depending on which one it detects in the outside environment. Which part of the bacterium allows it to recognize different substances in the outside environment? a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Cell Membrane c. Nucleus d. Lysosomes

b. Cell Membrane

What is the relationship of cell specialization to the regulation of gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes? a. Cells are specialized because of the amino acids they produce, so they only need to express the genes for the tRNA molecules they use to stay alive and to carry out their specialized functions. b. Cells are specialized because of the proteins they produce, so they only need to express the genes for the proteins they use to stay alive and to carry out their specialized functions. c. Cells are specialized because of the genes that they contain, so they must eliminate the genes they do not need to stay alive and to carry out their specialized functions. d. Cells regulate gene expression in order to specialize their metabolism to take advantage of changing nutrients in their environment, such as lactose.

b. Cells are specialized because of the proteins they produce, so they only need to express the genes for the proteins they use to stay alive and to carry out their specialized functions.

Which best describes the main job of most cells in multicellular organisms? a. Cells work to keep themselves alive. b. Cells work to keep the organism alive. c. Cells work to release needed materials. d. Cells work to store unneeded materials.

b. Cells work to keep the organism alive.

The diagram shows various molecules that move into and out of the cell. How does molecule C move out the cell? a. Active Transport b. Diffusion

b. Diffusion

What type of solution has more solutes and less water than a cell that it contains? a. Isotonic b. Hypertonic c. Hypotonic

b. Hypertonic

After the first observations of life under the microscope, it took two centuries of research before The Cell Theory, the idea that all living things are composed of cells or their products, was formulated. The Cell Theory is a unifying concept in life science. What makes The Cell Theory a scientific theory? a. It is based on a scientific publication that is read by scientists worldwide. b. It is based on the work of many scientists and leads to accurate predictions. c. It is based on ideas that have been proven true and that are not subject to revision. d. It is based on preliminary evidence but sill needs to be confirmed with experiments.

b. It is based on the work of many scientists and leads to accurate predictions.

What happens to a plant cell that is placed into a hypotonic solution? a. It shrinks b. It swells

b. It swells

Animals have specialized cells for various functions. Which specialized cells serve to protect the body from injury and disease? a. Blood b. Muscle c. epithelium d. nerve

b. Muscle

Why do living things require energy for active transport? a. Organisms use the energy for osmotic purposes. b. Organisms move substances against the gradient. c. Organisms move solutes from high to low concentration

b. Organisms move substances against the gradient.

A scientist at a polar ice cap was studying an ice sample of cells from many years ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: A cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes. What kind of organism did the scientist find? a. Animal b. Plant c. Bacteria

b. Plant

While examining a specimen, a scientist noticed that the organism's cells had cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles. What type of cell might the scientist be examining? a. Animal b. Plant c. Fungi d. Amoeba

b. Plant

Plant and animal cells share several organelles in common. They also have several structural differences between them. Which of the following structures distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell? a. Plant cells have cell walls and ribosomes. b. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. c. Plant cells have chloroplasts and ribosomes. d. Plant cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria.

b. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

When comparing eukaryotic cells to prokaryotic cells, which is true? a. Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells. b. Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells. c. Eukaryotic cells are less complex than prokaryotic cells. d. Eukaryotic cells are as complex as prokaryotic cells.

b. Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells.

A scientist is studying a cell from an unidentified organism. Which feature of the cell provides the strongest evidence that the organism is a prokaryote and not a eukaryote? a. The cell contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. b. The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. c. The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall. d. The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane but not a cell wall.

b. The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

When placed into a solution that is 30% water and 70% salt, what would happen to a cell that has a 70% water concentration? a. The cell will maintain its 70% water concentration and remain the same size. b. The cell will lose water and shrink to reach equilibrium with the environment. c. The cell will take in water and swell to reach equilibrium with the environment. d. The cell will maintain its 70% water concentration and swell to allow for some salt to enter the cell to reach equilibrium with the environment.

b. The cell will lose water and shrink to reach equilibrium with the environment.

Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell? a. passive transport by diffusion b. active transport using ATP c. passive transport by osmosis d. osmosis

b. active transport using ATP

If something goes "along" its concentration gradient it goes from a. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Which type of cell contains a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts? a. eukaryotic animal cell b. eukaryotic plant cell c. prokaryotic cell

b. eukaryotic plant cell

Tay-Sachs is a disease that occurs when lipids accumulates in cells due to a lack of function in the organelles responsible for intracellular digestion. Which organelle is defective in Tay-Sachs disease? a. Golgi body b. lysosome c. mitochondria d. ribosome

b. lysosome

Chloroplasts are organelles that convert light energy to sugars. These organelles are found only in plants. Which organelles are found only in animals? a. Golgi apparatus b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. ribosomes

b. lysosomes

White blood cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders (bacteria & virus'). They function, for example, by ingesting infectious bacteria and breaking them down. Based on its function, which organelle would you expect white blood cells to contain a lot of? a. chloroplasts b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. nucleus

b. lysosomes

What type of cell is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body? a. nerve cell b. red blood cell c. sperm cell d. muscle cell

b. red blood cell

The cell membrane allows some molecules such as oxygen and water to enter the cell but prevents other substances from entering the cell. Which term best describes the cell membrane? a. impermeable b. selectively permeable

b. selectively permeable

What is the principle role of the mitochondria in cells? a. to eliminate wastes b. to produce energy c. to provide support d. to fight disease

b. to produce energy

A student identifies the following parts of a cell. 1.cell wall 2.RNA 3.mitochondrion 4.ribosome The presence of which structure allows the student to conclude that this is a eukaryotic cell? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c. 3

A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process? a. DNA b. lipids c. ATP d. ribosomes

c. ATP

What do animal and plant cells have in common? a. Both have central vacuoles. b. Both have chloroplasts. c. Both have cell membranes. d. Both have cell walls.

c. Both have cell membranes.

The diagram shows cells from two different organisms with several structures labeled. Which statement is sufficient to prove that Cell 2 is a plant cell? a. Cell 1 has a vacuole and mitochondria, while Cell 2 has chloroplasts b. Both cells have a nucleus and cell membrane. c. Cell 2 has a cell wall and chloroplasts, but Cell 1 does not. d. Both cells have structures to produce sugar.

c. Cell 2 has a cell wall and chloroplasts, but Cell 1 does not.

A student reads that blood is a liquid component of the human circulatory system. It is composed of mainly plasma and red and white blood cells. Blood transports nutrients, waste materials, and gases to all parts of the body. Based on the information, what claim can the student make about cells? a. All cells perform similar tasks in an organism. b. Cells in an organism are of various shapes and sizes. c. Cells are the structural and functional units of an organism. d. Different cells in an organism combine to form complex body systems.

c. Cells are the structural and functional units of an organism.

Cell Theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current Cell Theory. Which statement describes a component of the original Cell Theory that was removed because of the new Scientific Knowledge? a. All living things are made of Cells. b. All Cells come from pre-existing Cells. c. Cells form through Spontaneous Generation. d. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

c. Cells form through Spontaneous Generation.

The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? a. All living things are made of cells. b. All cells come from other preexisting cells. c. Cells form through spontaneous generation. d. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

c. Cells form through spontaneous generation.

If a patient in a hospital has undergone a traumatic brain injury which is causing his brain to swell due to the accumulation of excess liquid, what type of solution would doctors need to surround the patient's brain with to reduce the swelling caused by the excess liquid accumulating in the brain? a. Hypotonic solution which will cause liquid to enter the brain. b. Hypertonic solution which will cause liquid to enter the brain. c. Hypotonic solution which will cause liquid to exit the brain. d. Hypertonic solution which will cause liquid to exit the brain.

c. Hypotonic solution which will cause liquid to exit the brain.

In biology, The Cell Theory is an historic scientific theory that is universally accepted. Many scientists have made contributions to this theory and it is made up three major statements regarding the 'basic unit of life'. Which of the following is not part of The Cell Theory? a. New cells are produced from existing cells b. All living things are composed of cells c. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus d. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things

c. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different? a. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes; eukaryotic cells do not b. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall; eukaryotic cells do not c. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus; eukaryotic cells do d. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a cell membrane; eukaryotic cells do

c. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus; eukaryotic cells do

The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. What is one reason that proteins are essential for the cell membrane to function properly? a. Proteins attach the cell membrane to the cell wall. b. Proteins prevent the cell membrane from breaking apart in water. c. Proteins allow certain substances to pass through the cell membrane. d. Proteins prevent gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide, from passing through the cell membrane.

c. Proteins allow certain substances to pass through the cell membrane.

There are some similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. Which of the following structures is found in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells? a. Lysosomes b. Nucleus c. Ribosomes d. Mitochondrion

c. Ribosomes

The endoplasmic reticulum, a continuous membrane system near the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, plays an important role in the biosynthesis, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids. What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum? a. There is no difference. b. Plants have rough ER, animals have smooth ER. c. Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not.

c. Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not.

Cell Theory is a result of the contributions of several different scientists and applies to all living things. Which of the following explains why Cell Theory will not ever become the law of Cells? (SC.912.N.3.4) a. Cells of different Organisms are so diverse that it is impossible to come up with a law that would apply to all of them. b. Because Cells undergo change as mutations occur within them, developing anything beyond a Cell Theory would be impractical. c. Scientific theories are well-tested explanations, while laws are well-tested descriptions of natural phenomena; one cannot become the other. d. Scientific theories can only become laws if all possible cases can be tested; it would be impossible to test all living things to see if they have Cells.

c. Scientific theories are well-tested explanations, while laws are well-tested descriptions of natural phenomena; one cannot become the other.

A scientist is comparing ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following is a property of the ribosomes in the eukaryotic cell only and not the prokaryotic cell? a. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. b. Some of the ribosomes are attached to the cell membrane. c. Some of the ribosomes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum. d. All of the ribosomes are distributed evenly throughout the cytoplasm.

c. Some of the ribosomes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum.

A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant? a. They will swell because water will move into them. b. They will swell because salt will move into them c. They will shrink because water will move out of them. d. They will shrink because salt will move out of them.

c. They will shrink because water will move out of them.

Which two structures would provide a positive identification of a plant cell under a microscope? a. cell wall, mitochondria b. ribosomes, chloroplasts c. cell wall, chloroplast d. plasma membrane, large central vacuole

c. cell wall, chloroplast

Plant cells are capable of making their own food by photosynthesis. What specialized organelle do they have for capturing the energy from sunlight? a. cell membrane b. cell wall c. chloroplast d. mitochondrion

c. chloroplast

In what part of the plant cell does the process of photosynthesis take place? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. chloroplasts d. vacuoles

c. chloroplasts

A student examines an organism under a microscope and observes that it is an irregularly shaped eukaryote that contains chloroplasts. Into which category should the student classify the organism? a. animal b. bacteria c. plant d. protist

c. plant

What characteristic differentiates a prokaryote from a eukaryote? a. presence of ribosomes b. ability to reproduce c. presence of a nucleus/nuclear membrane d. ability to remain stable

c. presence of a nucleus/nuclear membrane

Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n) a. animal b. plant c. prokaryote d. extinct organism

c. prokaryote

Which is a primary function of a vacuole? a. enzyme production b. protein synthesis c. storage d. reproduction

c. storage

Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things. What is one of these characteristics? a. they contain chlorophyll b. they reproduce by mitosis c. they contain genetic material d. they are made up of many specialized cells

c. they contain genetic material

Some peeled pieces of apple were placed in distilled water and some in very salty water. The cells in the apple pieces will... a. Lose water in both solutions b. Gain water in both solutions c. Lose water in the distilled water and gain water in the salty water d. Gain water in the distilled water and lose water in the salty water

d. Gain water in the distilled water and lose water in the salty water

A plant cell with a 20% salt solution is placed into a beaker with a 10% salt solution. What will happen to the plant cell? a. Cytolysis b. Plasmolysis c. It will shrink d. It will swell

d. It will swell

A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below. Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic? a. Acridine Orange b. Osmium Tetroxide c. Eosin d. Nile Blue

d. Nile Blue

A plant cell was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the parts from which DNA is built. Later examination of the cell showed the radioactivity to be concentrated in the a. Rough ER b. Golgi Apparatus c. Smooth ER d. Nucleus

d. Nucleus

A student used a microscope to observe Elodea submerged in a solution. The student observed the cell cytoplasm pull away from the cell wall and clump together in the center of the cell. Which statement BEST explains why this occurred? a. The cell was submerged in a pure solution. b. The cell was submerged in a hypotonic solution. c. The cell was submerged in an isotonic solution. d. The cell was submerged in a hypertonic solution.

d. The cell was submerged in a hypertonic solution.

A red blood cell is soaked in a solution of lower than normal salt concentration. Which might happen to the red blood cell when homeostasis is not maintained? a. The red blood cell may mutate into a cancer cell. b. The swollen red blood cell may block an artery. c. The red blood cell may collapse. d. The red blood cell may burst.

d. The red blood cell may burst.

This diagram shows a red blood cell in a beaker that contains a solution with a higher salt concentration than that inside the red blood cell. What will happen to the red blood cell in this environment? a. The size of the red blood cell will remain constant. b. The red blood cell will swell at first and then shrink. c. The red blood cell will swell from absorbing salt molecules. d. The red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules.

d. The red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules.

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred? a. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution, because "salt sucks" b. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums. c. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. d. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

d. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred? a. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution. b. The saltwater solution lowers the Temperature of the water in the gums. c. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. d. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

d. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

The diagram illustrates the structure of a plant cell. What structures surround and protect the cell? a. cell wall with an inner and outer lining b. cell membrane with an inner and outer lining c. cell wall surrounded by a cell membrane d. cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall

d. cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall

A student is assigned to determine whether a particular microbe is eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Which procedure is best suited to completing this assignment? a. measuring the amount of oxygen released using a sensor b. examining the DNA sequence of the microbes c. measuring the microbes using a micrometer d. examining the microbes under a microscope

d. examining the microbes under a microscope

Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells? a. animal cells have cell walls and a vacuole while plant cells have cell membrane and small vacuoles b. animal cells have organelles while plant cells carry out the functions necessary for life in the cytoplasm c. prokaryotes have only cell membranes while eukaryotes have both cell walls and cell membrane d. prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes, but eukaryotes also have membrane bound organelles

d. prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes, but eukaryotes also have membrane bound organelles

What determines the function of a specialized cell? a. the type of RNA in the cell b. the number of ribosomes in the cell c. the number of chromosomes in the cell d. the active genes in the cell

d. the active genes in the cell

A cell is placed in a beaker that contains a solution with a higher salt concentration than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell in this environment? a. The size of the cell will remain the same b. the cell will swell at first then shrink c. the cell will swell from absorbing salt molecules d. the cell will shrink from losing water molecules

d. the cell will shrink from losing water molecules

A science teacher created a table like the one shown. According to the table, which cell structure is identified as Structure C? Structure A - Controls what comes in and goes out of the cell. Has a soft, flexible outer covering. Structure B - Has a gel-like fluid that fills the cell. Holds other organelles of the cell. Structure C - Provides storage spaces in the cell. Holds water and nutrients the cell needs. Stores waste until the cell is ready to get rid of it. a. cell membrane b. cytoplasm c. nucleus d. vacuole

d. vacuole