Cellular Reactions and structural Abnormalities lesson 1.3

Atrophy

(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away

pathological atrophy

Caused by disease such as brain atrophy due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), or polio

physiological hypertrophy

DUE TO NATURAL RATHER THAN PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS. EXAMPLE: UTERUS DURING PREGNANCY or Weight lifting

Exogenous pigmentation

Discoloration of the tissues due to pigments which entered the body from the outside. Coal dust in lungs of coal miners.

caseous necrosis

Form of coagulation necrosis Thick, yellowish "cheesy" substance forms, usually in lungs

Hyperplasia

MORE CELLS, the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

gas gangrene

Necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being Clostridium perfringens.

cellular swelling

The condition in which cells exhibit decreased functionality due to the intake of water.

compensatory hypertrophy

The enlargement of a remaining organ or tissue after a portion has been surgically removed or rendered inactive

Physiological atrophy

When atrophy occurs as a result of age or a more sedentary lifestyle.

Amyloid Disease (amyloidosis)

Where a starch like substance called amyloid is deposited in the tissues. It is thought to be a metabolic disorder involving proteins, and may accompany carious chronic, pathological conditions.

Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities

Malformation (anomaly)

a defect or deformity

vascular nevus

a mole or birthmark in which the superficial blood vessels are enlarged, port wine stain

Gout

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints

color blindness

a variety of disorders marked by inability to distinguish some or all colors

calcification

build up of calcium in a blood clot, forming a solid, immoveable blockage

Amelia

congenital absence of one or more limbs

phocomelia

congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent, Thalidomide tragedy

spina bifida

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts

cleft palate

congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline

degeneration

gradual deterioration of normal cells and body functions

Aplasia

lack of development of an organ or tissue

dry gangrene

late stages of gangrene; affected area becomes dried, blackened, and shriveled. Ischemic necrosis. A reduction in arterial blood supply, blood can't get in

endogenous pigmentation

like blood in a bruise, comes from within the body

moist gangrene

necrotic tissue resulting from inadequate venous drainage accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria, cold, swollen, pulseless, moist, black

pigmentation

normal or pathological coloration of skin or tissues

Necrosis

pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism

Hernia

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Metaplasia

replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there

hypertrophy

the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.

Infiltration

the passage and accumulation of a substance into cells, tissues, or organs

polydactylism

too many digits

Hypoplasia

underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or body