Cellular Respiration

Calculate the efficiency of glycolysis.

(Number of ATP molecules made × Energy within 1 ATP molecule)/(Energy within 1 Glucose molecule)×100

Summarize the events of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

1. NADH and FADH2 shed their H+ and electrons.

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

The approximate energy efficiency of cellular respiration (glucose + aerobic respiration) is:

39%

Which letter is pointing to the matrix of the mitochondria?https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553112298/bls9blpabc07zccag3ky.png

A

Which letter represents the area where the Krebs cycle takes place?https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553112360/wwbwwgtlwg2rkf8f1epe.png

A

mitochondrial matrix

A compartment inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

Acetyl CoA

A compound that is synthesized in the step taking place before the Krebs cycle.

NAD+

A molecule which can be reduced to NADH.

citric acid

A six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle. Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.

Where do the protons accumulate in the mitochondria, and where do they come from?

Accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix. They come from NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain.

What is produced from pyruvic acid in the first step of aerobic respiration?

Acetyl CoA is produced as CO2 and NADH are released.

FAD

An electron carrier that is changed to FADH2, similar to NAD+.

Which letter is pointing to the cristae (inner mitochondrial membrane) of the mitochondria? https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553112203/yeero28xpgk8uxvmrimz.png

B

Which letter represents the area where the https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553112427/ru5qirchxytrrklxluku.pngelectron transport chain takes place?

B

Glycolysis

Biochemical pathway where glucose is converted into three carbon molecules of pyruvic acid, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Which letter is pointing to the inner membrane that surrounds the mitochondria?https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553112133/inhvgmilb0kcg58lrc0f.png

C

Which letter is pointing to the outer membrane of the mitochondria?https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553112040/wvpmbtluj3s6wkd7lofw.png

D

Under what conditions would the cells in your body undergo lactic acid fermentation?

During strenuous exercise when muscle cells get low on oxygen, they will use it for a short period of time.

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes - cytosol / Prokaryotes - cytosol

The products from the Krebs cycle that drive the electron transport chain are:

FADH2 and NADH

Describe the major events in glycolysis.

Glucose is split into 2 pyruvic acid.

Identify the two major parts of cellular respiration.

Glycolysis and Aerobic Respiration

alcoholic fermentation

Glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; a process used by yeast cells and some bacteria.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, with no release of carbon dioxide. Involved in making cheese and sauerkraut; also made in our muscles.

Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in cellular respiration.

Glycolysis- Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Krebs Cycle

Is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA, producing CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP.

What is the role of oxaloacetic acid in the Krebs cycle?

It combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid which is broken down into oxaloacetic acid again as ATP, NADH, FADH2 and ATP are produced.

Glycolysis produces only 2% of the energy from glucose. Where is the remaining energy in glucose?

It is in pyruvic acid and will be broken down in aerobic respiration to release more energy (ATP).

Glycolysis makes 4 ATP, but the final net gain is only 2 ATP. Why is this?

It takes 2 ATP to start glycolysis, and this must be subtracted from the 4 ATP produced yo get the final net amount of 2 ATP.

Which step of cellular respiration is indicated by letter "d"? https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553194816/axlopefvlsl1situkpis.png

Krebs cycle

Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion.

Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and the Electron Transport Chain occurs in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria.

Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic fermentation.

Lactic Acid fermentation produces Lactic acid as a waste product. Alcoholic fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.

What important molecule is generated by both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation?

NAD

Krebs cycle

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Electron Transport Chain

Occurs on the cristae (inner mitochondrial membrane).

Pyruvic Acid

Produced in Glycolysis and then used during Fermentation of Anaerobic Respiration

Summarize the events of the steps before the Krebs cycle.

Pyruvic Acid is transformed into Acetyl CoA. The products of this step are: 2 CO2 and 2 NADH.

Fermentation

The combination of glycolysis and additional pathways (lactic acid and alcoholic) which regenerates NAD+.

anaerobic respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen.

What happens to the electrons at the end of the electron transport chain?

They combine with oxygen to form water as ATP is produced.

aerobic respiration

Used to make a lot of ATP; has to occur in the presence of oxygen; Involves the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain.

Mitochondria

Where cell respiration occurs in eukaryotic cells.

oxaloacetic acid

a four-carbon compound of Krebs cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid

kilocalorie

a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories

What type of respiration is used by yeast in which they produce ethyl alcohol and CO2.

alcoholic fermentation

Which step of cellular respiration is indicated by letter "c"? https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553194816/axlopefvlsl1situkpis.png

alcoholic fermentation

When electrons are transported along the electron transport chain, they:

are picked up by oxygen to form water

What is the process of breaking down organic compounds to produce ATP called?

cellular respiration

What is formed from acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid together?

citric acid

NAD, FAD, and O2 are all examples of:

electron acceptors

Which step of cellular respiration is indicated by letter "e"?

electron transport chain

Glycolysis and an anaerobic pathway are called:

fermentation

Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid in:

glycolysis

Which step of cellular respiration is indicated by letter "a"? https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553194532/txhb881fytiflbhaawyi.png

glycolysis

Which of the following shows the events of cellular respiration in their correct order?

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Which step of cellular respiration is indicated by letter "b"? https://res.cloudinary.com/gimkit-production/image/upload/v1553194681/rfkyptegbl2msa4wroek.png

lactic acid fermentation

In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain takes place:

on the cell membrane

During alcoholic fermentation, ethyl alcohol is produced from ___.

pyruvic acid

Cellular Respiration

the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds.

NADH and FADH2 both donate electrons to:

the electron transport chain

The step of cell respiration that transfers most energy to ATP is:

the electron transport chain

Acetyl CoA is formed during:

the first part of aerobic respiration before the Krebs cycle

NADH

the reduced form of NAD+; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration