Cellular Respiration Formative Assessment
The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What happens to the energy that is given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain?
It pumps H+ through a membrane.
Once the citric acid cycle has been completed, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.
NADH
The electron transport chain is, in essence, a series of redox reactions that conclude cellular respiration. During these redox reactions, _____.
all the carriers pump H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, forming a gradient that is used to drive ATP synthesis
During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used _____.
at the end of electron transport chain to accept electrons and form H2
A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis _____.
by the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in _____.
carbon dioxide
Where does most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration come from?
chemiosmosis
A single glucose molecule produces about 38 molecules of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. However, this only represents approximately 38% of the chemical energy present in this molecule. The rest of the energy from glucose is _____.
converted to heat
Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____.
these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain
In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cell respiration _____.
reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain
During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
The energy production per glucose molecule through the citric acid cycle is _____.
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?
A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment
When pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, _____.
CO2 and NADH are formed
In the first stage of cellular respiration, two molecules of pyruvate are produced. In the remaining stages, a number of products are produced, including _____. These stages occur in the _____.
CO2... Mitochondria
Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain?
Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.
We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced _____.
In the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate
Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cell derives from glucose is _____.
found in NADH and FADH2
Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
in the cytoplasmic fluid
A molecule is oxidized when it _____.
loses an electron
A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction _____.
loses electrons and loses energy
In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons.
loses... oxygen gains
A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?
mitochondrial matrix
Glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that _____
requires ATP to make ATP
The enzyme ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. In eukaryotic cells, the energy needed for this endergonic reaction is derived from _____.
the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane
