CENGAGE Questions Midterm

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Clusters in Windows always begin numbering at what number?

2

In FAT32, a 123-KB file uses how many sectors?

246

How many sectors are typically in a cluster on a disk drive?

4 or more

On a Windows system, sectors typically contain how many bytes?

512

As a private-sector investigator, you can become an agent of law enforcement when which of the following happens? A. You begin to take orders from a police detective without a warrant or subpoena. B. Your internal investigation has concluded, and you have filed a criminal complaint and turned over the evidence to law enforcement. C. Your internal investigation begins. D. None of the above.

A

If a suspect's computer is found in an area that might have toxic chemicals, you must do which of the following? A. Coordinate with the HAZMAT team. B. Determine a way to obtain the suspect's computer. C. Assume the suspect's computer is contaminated.

A

In the Linux dcfldd command, which three options are used for validating data? A. hash, hashlog, and vf B. h, hl, and vf C. hash, log, and hashlog D. vf, of, and vv

A

Of all the proprietary formats, which one is the unofficial standard? A. Expert Witness B. AFF C. Uncompress dd

A

What do you call a list of people who have had physical possession of the evidence? A. Chain of custody B. Affidavit C. Evidence record D. Evidence log

A

What's the maximum file size when writing data to a FAT32 drive? A. 2 GB B. 3 GB C. 4 GB D. 6 GB

A

What's the purpose of an affidavit? A. To provide facts in support of evidence of a crime to submit to a judge when requesting a search warrant B. To specify who, what, when, and where—that is, specifics on place, time, items being searched for, and so forth C. To list problems that might happen when conducting an investigation D. To determine the OS of the suspect computer and list the software needed for the examination

A

Which of the following techniques might be used in covert surveillance (Choose All That Apply)? A. Keylogging B. Data sniffing C. Network logs D. All of the above

A, B

Private-sector investigations are typically easier than law enforcement investigations for which of the following reasons?

A. Most companies keep inventory databases of all hardware and software used. B. The investigator doesn't have to get a warrant. C. The investigator has to get a warrant.

The reconstruction function is needed for which of the following purposes? A. Re-create a suspect drive to show what happened. B. Create a copy of a drive for other investigators. C. Re-create a drive compromised by malware. D. All of the above

All of the above

Before enlisting in a certification program, thoroughly research the requirements, ________, and acceptability in your area of employment. A. Business hours B. Cost C. Location

B

List three items that should be on an evidence custody form. A. Description of the evidence, location of the evidence and search warrant B. Case number, name of the investigator and nature of the case C. Affidavit, search warrant, and description of the evidence D. Name of the investigator, affidavit and name of the judge assigned to the case

B

Police in the United States must use procedures that adhere to which of the following? A.Third Amendment B. Fourth Amendment C. First Amendment D. None of the above

B

The triad of computing security includes which of the following? A. Vulnerability assessment, intrusion response, and monitoring B. Vulnerability/threat assessment and risk management, network intrusion detection and incident response, and digital investigation C. Vulnerability assessment, detection, and monitoring D. Detection, response, and monitoring

B

Typically, a(n) ________ lab has a separate storage area or room for evidence. A. Federal B. Regional C. Research

B

What does a sparse acquisition collect for an investigation? A. Only specific files of interest to the case B. Fragments of unallocated data in addition to the logical allocated data C. Only the logical allocated data

B

What is one of the necessary components of a search warrant? A. Standards of behavior B. Signature of an impartial judicial officer C. Professional codes D. Professional ethics

B

What term refers to labs constructed to shield EMR emissions? A. ASQ B. TEMPEST C.NISPOM D. SCADA

B

Which forensics tools can connect to a suspect's remote computer and run surreptitiously? A. ddfldd and ProDiscover Incident Response B. EnCase Enterprise and ProDiscover Incident Response C. dd and ddfldd

B

Why should evidence media be write-protected? A. To comply with Industry standards B. To make sure data isn't altered C. To speed up the imaging process D. To make image files smaller in size

B

You have been called to the scene of a fatal car crash where a laptop computer is still running. What type of field kit should you take with you? A. Extensive-response kit B. Initial-response kit C. Lightweight kit

B

List two hashing algorithms commonly used for forensic purposes. A. RSA and RC5 B. AES and SHA-2 C. MD5 and SHA-1 D. MD5 and AES

C

Name the three formats for digital forensics data acquisitions. A. Raw, AICIS, and AFF B. EnCase format, Raw, and dd C. Raw format, proprietary formats, and AFF

C

To determine the types of operating systems needed in your lab, list two sources of information you could use. A. ANAB and IACIS B. EnCE and ACE C. Uniform Crime Report statistics and a list of cases handled in your area D. Local police reports and ISFCE reports

C

What are the three rules for a forensic hash? A. Fast, reliable, and the hash value should be at least 2048 bits B. Produce collisions, should be at least 2048 bits, and it can't be predicted C. It can't be predicted, no two files can have the same hash value, and if the file changes, the hash value changes

C

What are two concerns when acquiring data from a RAID server? A. Data transfer speeds and type of RAID B. Type of RAID and antivirus software C. Amount of data storage needed and type of RAID D. Split RAID and Redundant RAID

C

When you arrive at the scene, why should you extract only those items you need to acquire evidence? A. To preserver your physical security B. To speed up the acquisition process C. To minimize how much you have to keep track of at the scene

C

Why is it a good practice to make two images of a suspect drive in a critical investigation? A. To speed up the process B. To have one compressed and one uncompressed copy C. To ensure at least one good copy of the forensically collected data in case of any failures

C

Why is professional conduct important? A. It helps with an investigation B. It saves a company from using warning banners C. It includes ethics, morals, and standards of behavior D. All of the above

C

With remote acquisitions, what problems should you be aware of? A. Data transfer speeds B. Access permissions over the network C. Antivirus, antispyware, and firewall programs D. The password of the remote computer's user

C

When validating the results of a forensic analysis, you should do which of the following?

Calculate the hash value with two different tools.

Building a business case can involve which of the following? A. Procedures for gathering evidence B. Testing software C. Protecting trade secrets D.All of the above

D

Name two commercial tools that can make a forensic sector-by-sector copy of a drive to a larger drive. A. dd and Expert Witness B. dd and EnCase C. X-Ways Forensics and dd D. EnCase and X-Ways Forensics

D

Policies can address rules for which of the following? A. The amount of personal e-mail you can send B. When you can log on to a company network from home C. The Internet sites you can or can't access D. Any of the above

D

The manager of a digital forensics lab is responsible for which of the following? A. Ensuring that staff members have enough training to do the job B. Knowing the lab objectives C. Making necessary changes in lab procedures and software D. All of the above

D

What's the most critical aspect of digital evidence? A. Compression B. Redundancy C. Contingency D. Validation

D

Which organization has guidelines on how to operate a digital forensics lab? A. NISPOM B. TEMPEST C. SCADA D. ANAB

D

Which organization provides good information on safe storage containers? A. ASQ B. TEMPEST C. ASCLD D. NISPOM

D

Why is physical security so critical for digital forensics labs? A. To ensure continuous funding B. To make sure unwanted data isn't retained on the drive C. To protect trade secrets D. To prevent data from being lost, corrupted, or stolen

D

Why should you critique your case after it's finished? A. To maintain chain of custody B. To maintain a professional conduct C. To list problems that might happen when conducting an investigation D. To improve your work

D

Why should you do a standard risk assessment to prepare for an investigation? A. To obtain an affidavit B. To discuss the case with the opposing counsel C. To obtain a search warrant D. To list problems that might happen when conducting an investigation

D

A forensic workstation should always have a direct broadband connection to the Internet. T/F

False

A live acquisition can be replicated.

False

A warning banner should never state that the organization has the right to monitor what users do. True False

False

ASQ and ANAB are two popular certification programs for digital forensics. True False

False

An initial-response field kit does not contain evidence bags. True False

False

BIOS boot firmware was developed to provide better protection against malware than EFI does developed?

False

Building a forensic workstation is more expensive than purchasing one.

False

Data can't be written to disk with a command-line tool.

False

Data collected before an attorney issues a memo for an attorney-client privilege case is protected under the confidential work product rule. True False

False

Digital forensics and data recovery refer to the same activities. True False

False

Digital forensics facilities always have windows. True False

False

Evidence storage containers should have several master keys. True False

False

Hardware acquisition tools typically have built-in software for data analysis.

False

If a visitor to your digital forensics lab is a personal friend, it's not necessary to have him or her sign the visitor's log. True False

False

In Linux, the fdisk -l command lists the suspect drive as /dev/hda1. So, the following dcfldd is command correct. dcfldd if=image_file.img of=/dev/hda1 True False

False

In testing tools, the term "reproducible results" means that if you work in the same lab on the same machine, you generate the same results.

False

Slower data transfer speeds and dealing with minor data errors are two disadvantages of the raw format True False

False

Small companies rarely need investigators. True False

False

The ANAB mandates the procedures established for a digital forensics lab. True False

False

The plain view doctrine in computer searches is well-established law. True False

False

Under normal circumstances, a private-sector investigator is considered an agent of law enforcement. True False

False

When determining which data acquisition method to use you should not consider how long the acquisition will take. True False

False

When using a write-blocking device you can't remove and reconnect drives without having to shut down your workstation.

False

You should always answer questions from onlookers at a crime scene. True False

False

You should always prove the allegations made by the person who hired you. True False

False

You shouldn't include a narrative of what steps you took in your case report True False

False

Zone bit recording is how disk manufacturers ensure that a platter's outer tracks store as much data as possible.

False

EFS can encrypt which of the following?

Files, folders, and volumes

Forensics software tools are grouped into ______ and ______ applications.

GUI, command-line

The standards for testing forensics tools are based on which criteria?

ISO 17025

What does the Ntuser.dat file contain?

MRU files list

In Windows 7 and later, how much data from RAM is loaded into RAM slack on a disk drive?

None of the above

Which of the following Windows 8 files contains user-specific information?

Ntuser.dat

Areal density refers to which of the following?

Number of bits per square inch of a disk platter

The verification function does which of the following?

Proves that two sets of data are identical via hash values

A log report in forensics tools does which of the following?

Records an investigator's actions in examining a case

According to ISO standard 27037, which of the following is an important factor in data acquisition?

The DEFR's competency

What happens when you copy an encrypted file from an EFS-enabled NTFS disk to a non-EFS disk or folder?

The file is unencrypted automatically.

Which of the following is true of most drive-imaging tools?

They ensure that the original drive doesn't become corrupt and damage the digital evidence.

A hashing algorithm is a program designed to create a binary or hexadecimal number that represents the uniqueness of a data set, file, or entire disk. True False

True

A logical acquisition collects only specific files of interest to the case. True False

True

A virtual cluster number represents the assigned clusters of files that are nonresident in the MFT.

True

An employer can be held liable for e-mail harassment. True False

True

An encrypted drive is one reason to choose a logical acquisition.

True

An image of a suspect drive can be loaded on a virtual machine.

True

CHS stands for cylinders, heads, and sectors.

True

Commingling evidence means that sensitive or confidential information being mixed with data collected as evidence. True False

True

Commonly, proprietary format acquisition files can compress the acquisition data and segment acquisition output files into smaller volumes. True False

True

Computer peripherals or attachments can contain DNA evidence. True False

True

Data viewing, keyword searching, decompressing are three subfunctions of the extraction function.

True

Device drivers contain instructions for the OS on how to interface with hardware devices.

True

Embezzlement is a type of digital investigation typically conducted in a business environment. True False

True

FTK Imager requires that you use a device such as a USB dongle for licensing. True False

True

File and directory names are some of the items stored in the FAT database

True

For digital evidence, an evidence bag is typically made of antistatic material. True False

True

If a company doesn't distribute a computing use policy stating an employer's right to inspect employees' computers freely, including e-mail and Web use, employees have an expectation of privacy. True False

True

If you discover a criminal act while investigating a company policy abuse, the case becomes a criminal investigation and should be referred to law enforcement. True False

True

In NTFS, files smaller than 512 bytes are stored in the MFT.

True

In forensic hashes, a collision occur when two different files have the same hash value. True False

True

In the United States, if a company publishes a policy stating that it reserves the right to inspect computing assets at will, a private-sector investigator can conduct covert surveillance on an employee with little cause. True False

True

MFT stands for Master File Table.

True

One way to determine the resources needed for an investigation is based on the OS of the suspect computer, list the software needed for the examination.

True

The main goal of a static acquisition is the preservation of digital evidence. True False

True

The primary hashing algorithm the NSRL project uses is SHA-1.

True

The purpose of maintaining a network of digital forensics specialists is to develop a list of colleagues who specialize in areas different from your own specialties in case you need help on an investigation. True False

True

With newer Linux kernel distributions, USB devices are automatically mounted, which can alter data on it. True False

True

You should videotape or sketch anything at a digital crime scene that might be of interest to the investigation. True False

True

Your business plan should include physical security items. True False

True

What is the space on a drive called when a file is deleted?

Unallocated space

List two features NTFS has that FAT does not.

Unicode characters and better security

Hash values are used for which of the following purposes?

Validating that the original data hasn't changed

Hashing, filtering, and file header analysis make up which function of digital forensics tools?

Validation and verification

Virtual machines have which of the following limitations when running on a host computer?

Virtual machines are limited to the host computer's peripheral configurations, such as mouse, keyboard, CD/DVD drives, and other devices.

FTK Imager can acquire data in a drive's host protected area. True False

false


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